TESTICULAR GAMETOGENIC AND STEROIDOGENIC ACTIVITIES IN CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE TREATED RAT: A CORRELATIVE STUDY WITH TESTICULAR OXIDATIVE STRESS

ABSTRACT

The present work examined the changes in testicular activities in relation to testicular oxidative stress in cyclophosphamide as well as human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) co-treated cyclophosphamide treated Wistar strain rats. Testicular activities were evaluated by the quantification of spermatogenesis and by the measurement of steroidogenic key enzyme activities along with plasma levels of testosterone. Testicular oxidative stress in relation to cyclophosphamide treatment was monitored by the study of products of free radicals like conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the activity of testicular antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase and catalase. Cyclophosphamide treatment at the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 days resulted a significant diminution in the activities of testicular Δ⁵, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ⁵, 3β-HSD), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activities, plasma level of testosterone along with significant reduction in the number of germ cells at stage-VII of spermatogenesis. Levels of testicular MDA and conjugated dienes both were elevated whereas testicular peroxidase and catalase activities both were inhibited significantly in cyclophosphamide treated rats in comparison to control. After hCG co-administration at the dose of 5 I.U./kg body weight/day for 28 days in cyclophosphamide treated rats resulted a significant protection in the activities of testicular peroxidase and catalase along with significant decrease in the levels of MDA and conjugated dienes to the control level. Moreover, the testicular steroidogenic key enzyme activities and spermatogenesis along with plasma levels of testosterone were restored to the control level. Therefore, it may be concluded that there is a correlation between testicular steroidogenic activities as well as spermatogenesis and testicular oxidative stress in cyclophosphamide treated rats. Moreover, as restoration of plasma testosterone to the control level is noted in hCG co-treated cyclophosphamide treated rat, therefore, the results suggest that testosterone may be the key regulator for this correlation.     

NT联合F-βhCG及PAPP-A在妊娠早期唐氏综合征诊断中的临床研究

目的 探讨分析NT联合F-βhCG及PAPP-A在妊娠早期唐氏综合征（Down＇s syndrome,DS）诊断中的应用价值.方法 取2008年4月-2012年12月于我院进行产前检查的5574例孕妇,测定所有孕妇血清F-βhCG与PAPP-A的水平,并采用超声检测胎儿的NT值,比较血清学检查与血清学检查联合NT测定对唐氏综合征早期评估的准确性.结果 共10例患者被确诊为DS,血清学检查联合NT测定诊断DS的ROC曲线下面积要大于单一的血清学检查（0.963 vs 0.897）;DS组与非DS组平均年龄、F-βhCG、PAPP-A及NT的测定中位数值的差异比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;非条件多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示随着孕妇年龄（β=1.364,OR=3.912）、F-βhCG水平（β=1.294,OR=3.647）及NT水平（β=1.408,OR=0.488）的升高,胎儿患DS的风险增加,而随着PAPP-A水平（β=-1.117,OR=0.327）的升高,胎儿患DS的风险降低.结论 NT联合F-βhCG及PAPP-A在妊娠早期唐氏综合征诊断中的准确性较高,值得推广.     

Urinary hCG patterns during the week following implantation

BACKGROUND: Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is used to monitor pregnancy status. Yet the pattern of hCG excretion in the first week following implantation has not been adequately described.Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the average profile of hCG and its variability during the 7 days following estimated implantation in a population of naturally conceived pregnancies. METHODS: We measured daily hCG concentrations in first-morning urine for 142 clinical pregnancies from women with no known fertility problems. Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the hCG trajectory and its variability in relation to pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: hCG rose 3-fold between the day of detection and the next day (95% CI = 2.7-3.4). The relative rate of rise decreased thereafter, reaching 1.6-fold (95% CI = 1.5-1.8) between days 6 and 7. HCG levels followed a log-quadratic trajectory, and the patterns of rise were unrelated to number of fetuses, risk of spontaneous abortion or sex of the baby. Later implantations (after 10 luteal days) produced slower rates of increase. CONCLUSIONS: Although mean hCG follows a log-quadratic trajectory during the first week of detectability, there is high variability across pregnancies. Later implantation may reflect characteristics of the uterus or conceptus that slow hCG production.     

不同的仪器标准液hCG分子变异体对hCG结果的影响

目的探讨血清(标准物)中人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)在不同的检测系统、福建省各医院的测定结果,及其与hCG相关分子变异体可能的关系。方法分别应用贝克曼Access、日本东曹(Tosh AIA-1800),在此两个免疫仪器检测系统检测不同浓度的质控物和44例患者血清的hCG;并收集福建省2007~2009年hCG质控数据、再收集文献hCG相关分子变异体检测数据进行分析。结果同一质控物、同一血清、同一hCG相关分子变异体对不同的仪器检测系统,显示不同的测定结果,有显著差异。贝克曼Access与Tosh AIA-1800线性方程为Y=1.3336X-70.199。相对而言,临床血清hCG、质控物hCG结果分别是在东曹Tosh AIA-1800(133.8%、137.2%)、雅培Abbott(132%),两仪器检测均高于贝克曼Beckmen Access(100%)。结论标准物不同的hCG分子变异体影响hCG检验结果,由于hCG分子变异体,不同的仪器产生不同的hCG检测结果。     

体外受精-胚胎移植后经阴道超声对早期异位妊娠的诊断价值

目的 探讨体外受精一胚胎移植(IVF-ET)后经阴道超声(TVS)对早期异位妊娠的诊断价值.方法 对2008年1月～2010年7月,在该院生殖中心经IVF-ET助孕后,由TVS检查并经手术和病理证实的98例异住妊娠患者进行回顾性分析.结果 98例患者中TVS共诊断96例,经手术证实均未破裂,其中单纯异位妊娠占82.65%(81/98),官内外复合妊娠(HP)占15.31%(15/98),漏诊和误诊各1例,共占2.04%(2/98).TVS诊断早期异住妊娠的敏感性为97.96%(96/98).96例患者的妊娠部位包括宫角妊娠3例,输卵管妊娠93例,其中单侧输卵管双胎妊娠5例,榆卵管间质部妊娠13例.输卵管妊娠呈环状征、典型孕囊型及混合包决型3种类型,分别占11.83%(11/93)、56.99%(53/93)、31.18%(29/93).3种类型异位妊娠患者移植后14d血β-hCG的均值(除去HP)为(174.50±124.95)mIU/mL,其差异均无显著性(P=0.582),但以典型孕囊型14 d血β-hCG值最高.异住妊娠患者移植后14d血β-hCG值显著低于官内妊娠者(P=0.000).TVS对异位妊娠的诊断时间最早为移植后18 d,最晚54d,平均(25.83±6.05)d;89.58%的病例至移植后32 d均可由TVS诊断.HP的平均诊断时间为移植后(27.73±6.30)d.结论 IVF-ET后,89.58%的异住妊娠患者能在移植后32d内由TVS诊断出,结合血β-hCG并动态追踪复查能进一步提高诊断率.因此,TVS对IVF-ET后早期异位妊娠具有重要的诊断价值.     

抗hCG单克隆抗体对hCG和LH刺激Leydig细胞分泌睾酮的影响

本工作观察了五种抗hCG单克隆抗体对hCG/LH刺激BALB/c小鼠Leydig细胞分泌睾酮的影响。抗整个hCG分子的抗体2C_5~*及抗hCH-β亚单位的抗体3C_6~*和2A_4~*对hCG及LH刺激睾酮分泌均有抑制作用。抗整个hCG分子的抗体hCG_1~*可阻断hCG刺激睾酮分泌,而对LH则无阻断作用。抗hCG-β亚单位羧基端37肽片段的抗体3A_4~*既不能抑制hCG,也不能抑制LH刺激睾酮分泌。结果提示在hCG分子上存在着特异的与其生物学活性表达有关的抗原决定簇。     

Screening for Down's syndrome in early and late first and second trimester using six maternal serum markers

The efficiency of six maternal serum markers for Down's syndrome (DS), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), free beta-hCG, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), the proform of eosinophil major basic protein (ProMBP), pregnancy-specific-beta-1-glycoprotein (SP(1)), and combinations thereof, was examined. Discriminant analysis in 156 DS pregnancies and 546 controls defined three effective combinations of serum marker logMoMs (multiples of the median in control samples) in three gestational age windows, i.e. Index I (weeks 7-9) = 0.52 logMoM ProMBP + 0.28 logMoM PAPP-A - logMoM SP(1); Index II (weeks 10-12) = 1.94 logMoM free beta-hCG - logMoM SP(1), and Index III (weeks 15-19) = 0.78 logMoM free beta-hCG + 1.12 logMoM ProMBP - logMoM AFP. The estimated detection rates of indices and age for a false-positive rate (FPR) of 5% were 73% for Index I, 69% for Index II, and 60% for Index III. Including the ultrasound marker nuchal translucency, using a DS at term risk of 1 : 400 as cut-off, the detection rates of the indices increased to 86, 83, and 82% for FPRs of 4.3, 4.1, and 5.8%, respectively. The indices are promising markers for screening for DS.     

O-甲基酪氨酸对酪氨酸抑制hCG致大鼠离体黄体细胞孕酮生成的拮抗作用

用孕马血清促性腺激素和hCG处理未成年雌性大鼠,在hCG注射后7天取出黄体制成黄体细胞悬浮液,孵育后用放射免疫法测定孕酮含量。实验发现,酪氨酸结合的竞争性抑制剂O—甲基酪氨酸能够翻转酪氨酸抑制hCG的致孕酮生成作用,并与所用剂量有关,如果加大酪氨酸的剂量,则可克服O-甲基酪氨酸的翻转作用。由此提示,O-甲基酪氨酸是一种酪氨酸结合位点的拮抗剂,它通过阻断酪氨酸的结合来抑制酪氨酸的作用。     

Cerebral Germinoma with Syncytiotrophoblastic Giant Cells: Feasibility of Predicting Prognosis Using the Serum hCG Level

Summary  As the biological behaviour of germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells (STGC) is not well established, the present study was undertaken to ascertain the prognostic significance of serum hCG level in affected patients. Of a total of 23 cases studied, 12 patients were regarded as pure germinomas and 11 were germinomas with STGC. All but one of the former demonstrated an excellent outcome. The exception developed subarachnoid metastases, but the tumour disappeared on radiation therapy and the patient is enjoying a normal social life 13 years after the initial treatment. With the germinoma complicated by STGC, 3 cases showed local recurrence which were followed by a poor outcome. Their pretreatment hCG levels were 15.0, 26.0 and 29.6 mIU/ml respectively. The study showed a tendency, in germinomas with STGC, for a positive association between serum hCG, and the likelihood of a poor outcome. Germinomas with STGC and serum hCG levels higher than 15 mIU/ml thus have a high recurrence rate, and more aggressive treatment is indicated for the affected patients.