超声波介导的基因输送技术

近年来超声波介导的基因输送技术由于其相对安全性和操作上的简单得到关注。本文对超声波导致的声致穿孔的机制,空化核的作用——增强基因输送的效率,以及细胞和在体基因输送效率作了综述,讨论了超声波介导的基因输送效率的影响因素。此方法充满希望并且载药的空泡可以作为一种新型药物载体在超声作用下实现药物的靶向输送     

产妇抑郁对泌乳与产后流血的影响

目的：探讨产妇抑郁对泌乳与产后流血的影响。方法：对309例产妇采用自评抑郁量表评分，分成产后抑郁组和对照组，测评泌乳指标、产后流血的差异。结果：抑郁组产妇泌乳始动时间迟，产后24小时泌乳者仅13例；泌乳量少，产后72小时泌乳量多者仅13例；抑郁组产妇产后流血量多，与对照组相比差异有显著性。结论：产妇抑郁对泌乳与产后流血有不利影响，应加强对产妇进行心理健康指导。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原药物载体的制备

以湿法制备出平均粒径为50nm的羟基磷灰石粉体，并采用超声分散，将纳米羟基磷灰石分散在酸溶的胶原稀溶液中。测试结果显示，羟基磷灰石在胶原溶液中形成了稳定的分散体系，该分散体系的稳定性与体系的pH值以及羟基磷灰石和胶原的相对浓度有关。     

心理治疗在全程助产责任制中的应用

目的探村心理治疗封产科全程助产责任制分娩模式的影响。方法选择2002年3月至2004年9月在我院住院的初产妇1700例（均孕足月、单胎、无难产指征），随机分为治疗组和对照组两组，比较两组分娩方式、产程时间、产后出血。结果第一产程及总产程均短于对照组（P〈0．05），两组剖宫产率、阴道助产率、产后出血率比较均有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论心理治疗应用于产科全程助产责任制，使产妇得到心理安慰和生理上的帮助，保障母婴健康，值得推广使用。     

Retroviral gene therapy of collagen-induced arthritis by local delivery of IL-4

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune arthritis, for which treatment options remain limited. This study investigated the potential role of adoptive cellular gene therapy as a novel means for treating the RA animal model collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T-cell hybridomas retrovirally transduced to express IL-4 1 day before booster immunization significantly reduced the number of inflamed joints. Cell transfer after clinical onset of disease had no therapeutic effect. Bioluminescence imaging showed that the hybridomas migrated to the inflamed joints, thus delivering the regulatory protein locally at the site of inflammation. The homing was, at least in part, due to chemotaxis in response to proinflammatory chemokines that are expressed in inflamed joints. There were no significant changes in the cytokine milieu of the draining lymph nodes, nor in the systemic levels of anti-collagen antibodies in treated mice. We conclude that the beneficial clinical effects observed in our model were most likely based on the local action(s) of IL-4 in the inflamed joints and that the local delivery (and effects) of regulatory cytokines, like IL-4, constitutes a novel and effective method of preventing organ-specific autoimmune disease and of minimizing systemic adverse effects.     

甲亢对妊娠妇女的影响

目的 探讨甲亢对妊娠妇女的影响。方法 回顾性分析32例妊娠合并甲亢病例。结果 甲亢合并早孕者共16例,发生妊娠剧吐10例,先兆流产6例;甲亢合并晚孕者16例,发生早产3例,胎儿窘迫6例,合并妊高征2例,产后出血2例,新生儿窒息3例。结论 重症甲亢控制不良的病例易于发生流产、早产、胎儿窘迫等并发症,新生儿窒息的发生率高。孕前及孕期应积极控制甲亢,以降低妊娠并发症。     

Transvaginal sonographic assessment of cervical length changes during triplet gestation

The current study aimed to evaluate the contribution of transvaginal sonography (TVS) for monitoring cervical changes during the second half of triplet gestation. Forty-five pregnant women with triplets pregnancies were prospectively scanned by TVS from approximately 26 weeks gestation and were longitudinally followed-up until delivery. Based on a receiver-operating curve it was found that a cervical length of 25 mm is the most accurate parameter (94% sensitivity and 45% specificity) for predicting premature delivery < or =33 gestational weeks. Thus, a single cervical length measurement of < or =25 mm at 26 weeks gestation correlated well with premature delivery at < or =33 weeks (chi(2); P = 0.002). Using the linear regression model, a mathematical equation [(Week of delivery = 27.4 + 1.6 x cervical length; R(2) = 0.46; P = 0.01)] for predicting the gestational age of delivery (dependent variable) was determined based on mid-gestation cervical measurements (predictors). In parturient women with triplet gestation, TVS assessment of the uterine cervix offers insight into the cervical status and provides valuable information for prenatal care. This includes both monitoring the cervical changes throughout third trimester as well as predicting the likelihood of premature delivery.     

Chitosan hydrogel as a drug delivery carrier to control angiogenesis

An aqueous solution of photocrosslinkable chitosan containing azide groups and lactose moieties (Az-CH-LA) incorporating paclitaxel formed an insoluble hydrogel within 30 s of ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation. The chitosan hydrogel showed strong potential for use as a new tissue adhesive in surgical applications and wound dressing. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 molecules retained in the chitosan hydrogel and in an injectable chitosan/IO₄-heparin hydrogel remain biologically active, and were gradually released from the hydrogels as they biodegraded in vivo. The controlled release of biologically active FGF-2 molecules from the hydrogels caused induction of angiogenesis and collateral circulation occurred in healing-impaired diabetic (db/db) mice and in the ischemic limbs of rats. Paclitaxel, which is an antitumor reagent, was also retained in the chitosan hydrogel and remained biologically active as it was released on degradation of the hydrogel in vivo. The chitosan hydrogels incorporating paclitaxel effectively inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice. The purpose of this review is to describe the effectiveness of chitosan hydrogel as a local drug delivery carrier for agents (e.g., FGF-2 and paclitaxel) to control angiogenesis. It is thus proposed that chitosan hydrogel may be a promising new local carrier for drugs such as FGF-2 and paclitaxel to control vascularization.     

6024例分娩的方式选择与新生儿结局

目的探讨阴道分娩和剖宫产对新生儿的风险。方法对6024例妊娠的分娩方式、剖宫产指征以及新生儿结局回顾性分析。结果剖宫产率为35.3%,其指征主要是头盆不称、社会因素、宫内窘迫、臀位等。分娩新生儿6016例,其中因各种疾患转儿科822例,占13.5%。主要转科原因为早产儿低体重、窒息、高胆红素血症和吸入综合症,各疾病发病率与分娩方式无关。结论剖宫产没有增加新生儿的风险,仍是解决难产的重要手段,但应严格控制手术指征。     

Development of retroviral vectors as safe, targeted gene delivery systems

The transfer of genes of potential therapeutic benefit is presently being attempted in the clinic to treat a number of genetic and virally induced diseases. Many of these protocols use retroviral vectors derived from murine leukemia retroviruses as gene delivery systems. Although these viral delivery systems are well suited for this purpose, a number of their characteristics, some of which are discussed here, are still troublesome. Future retroviral vectors will incorporate nonretroviral features and will be tailored to desired needs for specific uses. These vectors will be safer, more efficient, and targeted in their delivery. Further, expression of the therapeutic genes carried will be limited to the specific target cell type. Some of the recent advances that have been made towards this goal are reviewed here.