Association of weight-adjusted-waist index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in China: A prospective cohort study

Background and aimsAs a new simple anthropometric index, the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) appears to be superior to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in assessing both muscle and fat mass. We aimed to explore the association of WWI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in southern China.Methods and resultsA total of 12,447 participants (mean age, 59.0 ± 13.3 years; 40.6% men) in Jiangxi Province from the China Hypertension Survey study were included. WWI was defined as WC divided by the square root of weight. The outcome was all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. During a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 838 all-cause deaths occurred, with 390 cardiovascular deaths. Overall, there was a nonlinear positive relationship of WWI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Accordingly, compared with participants in quartiles 1–3 (<11.2 cm/√kg), a significant higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.58) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.77) were found in quartile 4 (≥11.2 cm/√kg). Further adjustment for BMI and WC did not substantially alter the results. No significant interactions were found in any of the subgroups (sex, age, area, physical activity, current smoking, current alcohol drinking, hypertension, and stroke).ConclusionHigher WWI levels (≥11.2 cm/√kg) were associated with increased the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in southern China. These findings, if confirmed by further studies, suggested that WWI may serve as a simple and effective anthropometric index in clinical practice.     

Home-measured pulse pressure is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: The KAMOGAWA-HBP study

Background and aimsPulse pressure (PP) is a prognostic predictor of cardiovascular mortality. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between home PP measurements and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods and resultsHome blood pressure was measured for 14 consecutive days in 1082 patients with type 2 diabetes, and pulse pressure was calculated.A 10 mmHg increase in morning PP was associated with a 1.30-fold increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. The risk of cardiovascular disease was 1.88 times higher in the morning in the higher PP group than in the lower PP group. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the areas under the curve (95% confidence interval) corresponding to the PP (morning, evening, and clinic) for new-onset cardiovascular disease were 0.63 (0.58–0.69), 0.62 (0.57–0.67), and 0.59 (0.54–0.64), respectively. The area under the curve for PP measured in the morning was significantly greater than that for PP measured in the clinic (P = 0.032).ConclusionHome-measured PP is a better predictor of new-onset cardiovascular disease than clinic-measured PP, in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

A Cross-sectional Survey of Patients with Suspected Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Japan

Objective The burden of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is poorly understood. The present study reported on the current status of DPNP in Japan, to improve our understanding of this condition among healthcare providers and inform future clinical research on its prevalence, diagnosis, and management. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study (UMIN000037023) was conducted via a web-based survey. The primary endpoints were the frequency of patients with bilateral foot symptoms, consulting a doctor, understanding DPNP, and reporting problems in daily life, as well as the treatment awareness of patients. Patients Adults ≥20 years old who were registered in the Rakuten Insight Disease Panel and receiving anti-diabetic therapy in Japan were included. Results Bilateral foot pain symptoms were reported by 1,768/7,754 (22.8%) respondents, most commonly intense numbness (13.0%). Of those with symptoms, 55.3% consulted a doctor; the most common reason for not seeking consultation was feeling that symptoms were insufficiently severe to bother their doctor (89.4%). Nearly 60% reported understanding the causes of their symptoms, with diabetes-associated neurologic deficits (58.8%) most commonly identified. About one-quarter reported daily life problems, including an inability to walk for long periods (58.3%) and feeling anxious (58.1%). Treatment awareness was reported by 18.2%; oral medications were commonly recognized (64.6%). Conclusion In Japan, 22.8% of patients with diabetes have bilateral foot pain symptoms; some experience problems in their daily life without understanding the causes of their symptoms. This supports the importance of actions to increase awareness and minimize DPNP-associated impairment of daily life in patients with diabetes.     

肺结核合并糖尿病与单纯肺结核患者流行特征对比分析

目的: 分析北京市疾病预防控制中心结核门诊部登记治疗的肺结核合并糖尿病患者特征,为肺结核与糖尿病共病防治提供依据。方法: 采用描述性方法,将2014—2021年北京市疾病预防控制中心结核门诊部登记治疗的261例肺结核合并糖尿病患者与同期1839例单纯肺结核患者的流行病学特征进行对比分析,包括性别、年龄、治疗分类、发现方式、病原学阳性率、涂阳率、培阳率、利福平耐药率、2个月末痰涂片阴转率、治疗成功率、就诊及确诊延迟率、就诊及确诊时间间隔。结果: 肺结核合并糖尿病患者复治比例[16.48%(43/261)]明显高于单纯肺结核患者[8.70%(160/1839)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=15.822,P<0.001),主动发现比例[7.28%(19/261)]明显低于单纯肺结核患者[13.05%(240/1839)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.040,P<0.01)。肺结核合并糖尿病患者病原学阳性率[65.90%(172/261)]明显高于单纯肺结核患者[35.07%(645/1839)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=91.381,P<0.001),2个月末痰涂片阴转率和治疗成功率[84.62%(110/130)和80.46%(210/261)]均低于单纯肺结核患者[91.15%(412/452)和87.71%(1613/1839)],差异均有统计学意义(χ²=4.663,P=0.031;χ²=10.495,P=0.001)。肺结核合并糖尿病患者利福平耐药率[3.07%(8/261)]与单纯肺结核患者[1.41%(26/1839)] 比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.945,P=0.086)。就诊延迟率、就诊时间[52.87%(138/261)和16(2,53)d]均明显高于单纯肺结核患者[42.09%(774/1839)和9(0,37)d],差异均有统计学意义(χ²=10.822,P=0.001;U=2.775,P=0.006)。确诊延迟率、确诊时间[32.57%(85/261)和7(0,24)d]与单纯肺结核患者[31.92%(587/1839)和7(1,20)d] 比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²=0.044,P=0.834;U=0.167,P=0.867)。结论: 肺结核合并糖尿病患者具有病原学阳性率高、复治比例高、就诊延迟率高、就诊时间间隔长、主动发现率低、痰涂片阴转率低和治疗成功率低的特点。     

复治菌阴肺结核的临床特点分析

目的 分析复治菌阴肺结核的临床特点,以提高其诊断水平。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,选取2020年2月1日至7月31日于广州市胸科医院诊断并住院治疗的201例复治肺结核患者为研究对象,根据其治疗前分泌物抗酸杆菌涂片或培养是否阳性分为菌阳组(146例)和菌阴组(55例)。收集研究对象的既往治疗情况及本次治疗的临床资料,对菌阴组和菌阳组研究对象的年龄、性别、治疗史、耐药情况、临床症状、影像学检查结果及并发症情况进行对比分析。结果 (1)治疗史:201例研究对象中,停药后需再次治疗者148例(73.6%),初始治疗失败者53例(26.4%)。停药后需再次治疗者中,菌阳组有110例(75.3%),菌阴组有38例(69.1%),两组分布的差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.804,P=0.375)。(2)临床症状:菌阴组有咳嗽症状者占100.0%(55例),明显高于菌阳组[127例(87.0%)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.905,P=0.005)。菌阴组出现结核中毒症状者占25.5%(14例),明显低于菌阳组的41.8%(61例),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.553,P=0.033)。(3)影像学表现:菌阴组肺部病灶内空洞≥3个者占23.6%(13/55),明显低于菌阳组的53.4%(78/146),差异有统计学意义(χ²=14.308,P<0.001)。(4)并发症:两组并发支气管结核均以瘢痕狭窄型为主,菌阴组占85.7%(12/14),明显高于菌阳组的60.0%(33/55),差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.996,P=0.046)。菌阴组血清白蛋白≤40g/L者占29.1%(16/55),明显低于菌阳组的54.1%(79/146),差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.033,P=0.002)。结论 相比于复治菌阳肺结核,复治菌阴肺结核患者咳嗽症状更多见、结核中毒症状较轻、更少发生广泛空洞及低蛋白血症,但并发瘢痕狭窄型支气管结核更为多见。     

结核分枝杆菌感染对痰液菌群结构的影响

目的 探索健康人、结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者和活动性肺结核患者痰液菌群的差异。方法 搜集2016年11月至2017年12月深圳市慢性病防治中心健康体检者53名作为A组,登记确诊的结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(LTBI)者41例作为B组,初治活动性肺结核患者54例作为C组。研究对象均于清晨空腹状态下收集下呼吸道痰液样本(以干酪痰和黏液痰为佳)3~5ml,共148份。痰液样本提取总DNA,对16S rRNA V4~V5区基因进行高通量测序,并对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果 通过对148份痰液样本进行高通量测序分析,获得有效序列14136502.0条,获得操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTU)21712.00个。Alpha多样性分析显示,A组Pielou_e指数为0.85(0.82,0.88),明显高于C组[0.83(0.78,0.86)],差异有统计学意义(H=4.462,P=0.035)。Beta多样性分析发现,三组人群痰液菌群组成存在差异(H=2.027,P=0.002)。菌群组间差异物种分析发现,三组人群在3个门(厚壁菌门、梭杆菌门、螺旋体门)、3个纲(黄杆菌纲、梭杆菌纲、螺旋体纲)、5个目(黄杆菌目、乳杆菌目、梭杆菌目、伯克霍尔德菌目、螺旋体目)、6个科(紫单胞菌科、黄杆菌科、梭杆菌科、纤毛菌科、伯克菌科、螺旋体科)、5个属(二氧化碳噬纤维菌属、卟啉单胞菌属、梭杆菌属、纤毛菌属、密螺旋体属)和2个种(Nanceiensis和Parvula)水平上均存在差异;其中,C组中伯克霍尔德菌目(Burkholderiales)[0.01(0.00,0.02)]和伯克菌科(Burkholderiaceae)[0.01(0.00,0.01)]的丰富度较A组[丰富度分别为0.00(0.00,0.01)和0.00(0.00,0.00)]和B组[丰富度分别为0.00(0.00,0.01)和0.00(0.00,0.00)]明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(C组与A组比较:H值分别为9.733和4.799,P值分别为0.002和0.028;C组与B组比较:H值分别为12.134和8.152,P值均<0.01)。结论 结核分枝杆菌感染未改变人痰液菌群的丰富度,但造成菌群结构组成上产生差异。