新冠肺炎患者焦虑症状及相关因素

目的:调查新冠肺炎患者的焦虑症状并分析相关因素。方法:新冠肺炎患者108例,采用自编一般资料调查表、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)进行调查。结果:GAD-7总分(10.3±4.5)分。对GAD-7各条目进行秩和检验发现,有焦虑症状患者的GAD-7得分大于无焦虑症状患者(P<0.05)。GAD-7总分与积极应对得分呈负相关(r=-0.44,P<0.001),与消极应对得分呈正相.关(r=0.31,P<0.01)。二分类logistic回归分析显示,有发热症状、有接触史是焦虑症状的危险因素(OR=33.40、18.13),男性、积极应对是焦虑症状的保护因素(OR=0.02、0.03)。结论:新冠肺炎患者为女性、出现发热、有接触史时其焦虑症状越严重。     

A Theoretical Model of Transition to Practice for Athletic Trainers

ContextThe transition to practice of newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) has become an area of focus in the athletic training literature. However, no theoretical model has been developed to describe the phenomenon and drive investigation.ObjectiveTo better understand the lived experience of the transition to practice and develop a theoretical model of transition to practice for ATs.DesignQualitative study.SettingTelephone interviews.Patients or Other ParticipantsFourteen professional master''s athletic training students (7 men, 7 women, age = 25.6 ± 3.7 years, from 9 higher education institutions) in the first year of clinical practice as newly credentialed ATs.Data Collection and AnalysisParticipants completed semistructured phone interviews at 3 timepoints over 12 to 15 months. The first interview was conducted just before graduation, the second 4 to 6 months later, and the third at 10 to 12 months. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.ResultsWe developed a theoretical model to explain the causal conditions that triggered transition, how the causal conditions were experienced, the coping strategies used to persist through the first year of practice, and the consequences of those strategies.ConclusionsThe model provides a framework for new athletic training clinicians, educators, and employers to better understand the transition process in order to help new clinicians respond by accepting or adapting to their environment or their behaviors.     

The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Burnout in Collegiate Athletic Trainers

ContextSpiritual well-being is the expression of one''s spirituality as measured in the dimensions of existential and religious well-being. The Smith Cognitive Affective Model of Athletic Burnout suggests that personality factors such as spiritual well-being and the use of religious coping methods may affect burnout as well as its causes and outcomes. This has not been examined in collegiate athletic trainers (ATs).ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and burnout in collegiate ATs.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWeb-based survey.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 783 certified ATs employed full time in the collegiate setting participated. Part-time employees (eg, graduate assistants, interns) were excluded.Main Outcome Measure(s)A 100-item online questionnaire was created for this study. It used items from previously developed scales, including the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Brief RCOPE, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and substance-use questions from the Monitoring the Future study. Participants were able to complete the survey in approximately 10–15 minutes. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyze survey data. We mapped all independent (existential well-being, religious well-being, positive and negative religious coping) and dependent variables (situational variables, Maslach Burnout Inventory burnout subscales, substance use, and intention to leave) onto the Smith Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout to determine which variables altered burnout levels, substance use, and intention to leave. Tests of mediation or moderation were conducted when appropriate.ResultsExistential well-being was a significant positive predictor of social support and a significant negative predictor of work-family conflict, decreased sense of personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, intention to leave the profession, and binge drinking. Existential well-being also served as a mediator or moderator in several components of the model.ConclusionsExistential well-being was a protective factor against burnout as well as some of the causes and effects of burnout in collegiate ATs.     

应对方式在急性创伤病人领悟社会支持与创伤后成长中的中介作用

目的:探讨应对方式在急性创伤病人领悟社会支持与创伤后成长之间的中介效应。方法:采用横断面调查法,使用一般资料问卷、医学应对问卷、领悟社会支持量表、创伤后成长量表对212例急性创伤病人进行调查。结果:急性创伤病人创伤后成长的总分为(67.18±12.28)分,处于中等水平;不同性别、年龄、文化程度、有无配偶、家庭人均月收入、手术方式及并发症的急性创伤病人创伤后成长得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);领悟社会支持、应对方式中面对维度与创伤后成长呈正相关(r=0.583、0.624,P<0.01);应对方式回避维度、屈服维度与创伤后成长呈负相关(r=-0.382、-0.511,P<0.01);面对应对与回避应对在领悟社会支持和创伤后成长之间存在着部分中介效应为总效应的22.85%和4.85%。结论:病人发生急性创伤后成长处于中等水平,与社会支持的领悟及应对方式的选择密切相关,应对方式在领悟社会支持和创伤后成长之间存在部分中介效应,引导病人采取积极应对方式有利于提高病人创伤后成长。     

CICARE需求评估联合支持性照护对手部烧伤病人瘢痕整形术后应对方式及心理弹性的影响

目的:探讨CICARE需求评估联合支持性照护对手部烧伤病人瘢痕整形术后应对方式及心理弹性的影响。方法:将2016年3月—2019年3月收治的94例手部烧伤瘢痕整形术病人随机分为对照组、观察组各47例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上给予CICARE需求评估联合支持性照护。干预1周后采用简易应对方式量表、中文版心理弹性水平量表(CD-RISC)评价病人应对方式、心理弹性。结果:观察组病人积极应对评分高于对照组,消极应对评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人CD-RISC量表中坚韧控制、力量、乐观维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:CICARE需求评估联合支持性照护在手部烧伤瘢痕整形术病人中的应用,能转变其术后应对方式,提升心理弹性水平。     

腹腔镜下原发性肝癌切除术病人生活质量与社会支持、应对方式的相关性研究

目的:探究腹腔镜下原发性肝癌切除术病人的生活质量水平,分析其生活质量与社会支持、医学应对方式的关联性。方法:在我院收治的腹腔镜下行手术切除术的原发性肝癌病人当中选取80例为研究对象,通过我院自行设计的一般情况调查问卷、肝癌病人生活质量测定量表(QOL-LC)、社会支持评定量表(SSAS)以及医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)对其进行调查,分析病人生活质量与社会支持度和应对方式的相关性。结果:腹腔镜下原发性肝癌切除术病人生存质量功能领域的得分相对偏低。病人社会支持总分为(36.39±2.32)分,医学应对方式总分为(51.76±4.56)分。相关分析结果显示,腹腔镜下原发性肝癌切除术病人的总体社会支持与总体生活质量呈正相关,主要表现在角色功能、认知功能以及情感功能领域(r值分别为0.199,0.195,0.181,P<0.05);病人的面对应对方式与生活质量呈正相关关系(P<0.05),屈服应对方式和病人的总体生活质量呈负相关。结论:腹腔镜下原发性肝癌切除术病人的生活质量与社会支持、应对方式密切相关,提高社会支持,采取积极的应对方式,有利于促进腹腔镜下原发性肝癌切除术病人的生活质量。     

Negative workplace behavior and coping strategies among nurses: A cross‐sectional study

Negative workplace behavior affecting nurses is an internationally recognized problem. This study examines the types and extent of negative workplace behavior experienced by nurses in non‐metropolitan, regional acute care settings and their ways of coping when subject to that behavior. A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 74 nurse participants in four regional hospitals in Australia. The structured questionnaire consisted of four parts: demographic questions, the Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised, questions on exposure to bullying and/or incivility and policy awareness and use of pathways, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Overall, 34% of participants were exposed to bullying and 49% to incivility over the previous month. The most common type of negative workplace behavior reported was “work‐related bullying,” which included exposure to excessive workloads, unrealistic deadlines, and information being withheld. Nurses reported the use of a variety of coping mechanisms, including problem‐focused coping strategies and seeking social support. The findings imply that negative workplace behaviors occur not only at individual nurses? level but also derive from the broader contexts of organizational management and systemic factors.     

Attitudes of significant others of people with Ménière's disease vary from coping to victimization

Objective: To explore the impact, reactions and coping methods of the significant others (SOs) of people with Ménière's disease (MD). Design: SOs of people with MD were asked to answer open-ended questions reporting the ‘life effects’ and ‘positive experiences’ they have had as a result of the partner's condition. The replies to the ‘life effects’ question was categorized using the WHO-ICF framework. The responses of ‘life effects’ from this study and the ‘positive experiences’ reported in a recent study (Manchaiah et al, 2013 Manchaiah V.K.C., Pyykkö, I., Kentala E., Levo H. &; Stephens D. 2013. Positive impact of Ménière's disorder on significant others as well as on patients: Our experience from eighty-eight respondents. Clin Otol, 38, 550–554.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) were evaluated with K-means clustering analysis. Study sample: Eighty-eight SOs (42 male, 42 female, and four did not state gender). Results: While the SOs mainly listed their own problems, a significant number of responses related to the problems of their partner. Personal perspectives tended to focus on the consequences of their partner's condition, whereas in perspectives of their partner they focussed on his/her symptoms. Further, replies from 81 SOs were used in evaluation of responses and were classified into four categories: constrained life attitude; disease burden attitude; care and support attitude; and social isolation attitude. Conclusions: The results of this study support the importance of including the SO of people with MD in the rehabilitation process.     

中学生应付方式状况调查及心理健康教育效果评价

目的：了解中学生的应付方式状况及心理健康教育效果。方法对120名中学生采用应付方式问卷进行测评分析,并对其进行6个月的心理健康教育,心理健康教育后再次测评。结果本组中学生采用的应付方式依次为解决问题、求助、幻想、回避、合理化及自责,不同性别、家庭完整性、是否独生子、是否留守学生部分应付方式比较差异有显著性（ P＜0．05或0．01）;心理健康教育后中学生应付方式问卷的求助因子分显著升高（P＜0．01）,自责、幻想、回避、合理化因子分显著降低（P＜0．01）。结论中学生应付方式整体状况较佳,但存在群体差异,对其予以心理健康教育能够进一步改善其应付方式。