经前路颈椎多节段椎管扩大术的实验研究

目的设计颈椎前路椎管扩大术式并探讨该术式的可行性,为颈椎管多节段狭窄症提供新的手术方法。方法标本实验:选用4具C1～T1尸体颈椎标本,去除前方肌肉,保留后侧肌肉及固有韧带,解剖出横突孔,沿椎动脉走行,穿入直径3mm橡胶管,注入造影剂。沿C4～6椎体前正中纵行劈开,依次横向撑开3、6、9、12mm,并用木块填塞,三维CT下观察椎管前后径、横径、截面积、两侧椎动脉的直径、间距,神经根管变化。动物实验:用4只成年绵羊,麻醉后暴露出C3,4颈椎前方,将C3,4椎体纵向劈开,横向撑开9mm,取同侧胫骨9mm×9mm×15mm骨块植入撑开区。术后观察四肢运动恢复情况。结果标本在撑开3、6、9mm后,椎管前后径平均增加1.14%、3.53%、5.15%,横径增加7.92%、14.62%、22.74%,截面积增加8.52%,17.99%,25.01%;在撑开3、6、9mm时,两侧椎动脉走行间距平行,撑开12mm时,在C3,4和C6,7椎间椎动脉间距相差2mm,但走行无折屈、受压。撑开前后神经根管各径及长度无变化。标本在撑开3、6、9mm时未见骨折,撑开12mm时2具左侧、1具右侧椎板靠近棘突部骨折,均为裂纹骨折,无移位。4只绵羊术后第2d四肢可以自由行走,无神经、血管损伤征兆。结论经前路颈椎体纵向劈开扩大术,可以增加椎管容积、不影响脊柱三柱稳定结构。动物实验表明椎体横向撑开一定范围内(≤9mm)对颈髓及周围组织无损伤迹象。实验结果初步证实经前路颈椎椎管扩大术安全有效。     

退变性症状性腰椎侧凸的手术治疗

[目的]探讨后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术式治疗退变性症状性腰椎侧凸的临床效果。[方法]1999年1月-2006年4月，采用经后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术式治疗退变性症状性腰椎侧凸37例，男21例，女16例；年龄51—82岁，平均62．6岁。所有病例拍摄腰椎正侧位片及Bending片，常规备CT和MRI。根据患者下肢症状行全椎板或半椎板减压，神经根扩大，椎间植骨融合及椎弓根螺钉间断固定。[结果]本组病例均获随访（1—6年，平均2年零7个月），术后临床症状均明显缓解，按JOA评分，手术疗效优良率91．9％，侧凸平均矫正率54．8％。随访期间无明显矫正度数及椎间隙高度丢失，术后3个月、1年复查X片内置物无松动及断裂，植骨融合时间平均11．6周。[结论]对于退变性症状性腰椎侧凸患者：（1）采取个体化治疗，年龄不是绝对手术禁忌证，病程长短不是决定手术疗效的重要指标；（2）后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术是安全有效的理想术式。     

头灯辅助小切口治疗腰椎间盘突出并神经根管狭窄症

目的:评价头灯辅助下小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出并神经根管狭窄症的优点及临床疗效。方法:采用冷光源头灯(Heine3S LED headlight)辅助下小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出并神经根管狭窄症45例,男32例,女13例;年龄36～68岁,平均53.6岁;病程6～72个月,平均29.5个月。结果:28例患者术后次日原有腰腿痛症状消失,17例症状明显减轻。经6～14个月(平均8个月)的随访,依据JOA29分法进行疗效评分,由术前7～15分(平均11.6分)改善至术后26～29分(平均28.2分),平均改善率为93.1%。结论:冷光源头灯辅助下小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出并神经根管狭窄症具有损伤小、操作方便、直视视野清晰、不影响脊柱的稳定性、减压彻底、疗效确实等优点。     

Total dura substitute in the spine: double layer dural substitute made from polylactide layer and bovine pericardium

Summary When there is significant loss of spinal dura mater, dural substitution with synthetic or allogenic materials is essential. In the case of laminectomy, mechanical protection and reformation of the dorsal spinal canal may be useful. This is a report on a patient with total dura loss through tumour atrophy of the dura and laminae. In order to reconstruct the dorsal face of the spinal canal a polylactide sheet was cut and shaped to fit the physiological contour. A bovine dura substitute was firmly attached and sutured to the inner surface of the polylactide shield. The implant was wedged in between the pedicles and the facet joints and resulted in a water-tight dura substitute maintaining the shape of the spinal canal and protecting it against mechanical forces and intradural scar formation.     

Low birth weight,but not postnatal weight gain,aggravates the course of nephrotic syndrome

Clinical and animal studies have shown a higher risk of an aggravated course of renal disease in childhood after birth for babies small for gestational age (SGA). In addition relative “supernutrition” and fast weight gain in early infancy seem to support the development of later disease. In a retrospective analysis of 62 cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome treated between 1994 and 2004 at a university centre for paediatric nephrology, we related the course of disease to birth weight and to the weight gain in the first 2 years of life. Six children were born SGA (birth weight <−1.5 standard deviation score), and 56 were born as appropriate for gestational age (AGA). In all SGA children renal biopsy was performed, while only 55% of the AGA children underwent renal biopsy (P = 0.07), showing no difference in renal histology. In the SGA group, four of six patients developed steroid resistance (vs 12/56 AGA, P < 0.05). Of the SGA children, 83% needed antihypertensive treatment in the course of the disease compared to 39% of the AGA children (P = 0.07). The extent of weight gain between birth and 24 months of age did not influence the course of disease. In conclusion, we were able to find evidence for an aggravated course of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in former SGA children. Independently of birth weight, weight gain in the first 2 years of life did not influence the course of disease.     

微创减压术治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症

目的总结微创减压术治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症的临床应用结果。方法 2002年9月至2008年5月,对48例老年腰椎管狭窄症患者采用微创减压术治疗。男36例,女12例;年龄60～82岁,平均68岁。结果所有患者均经18～48个月(平均26个月)随访,根据MacNab腰腿痛手术治疗评定标准进行疗效评定,结果显示优26例(54%),良17例(36%),差5例(10%),优良率为90%。结论微创减压术治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症患者的疗效较满意,老年患者较易耐受该术式。     

Effect of vasectomy via inguinal canal on spermatogenesis in rabbits

Aim： To determine whether vasectomy away from the epididymal tail （via the inguinal canal） in rabbits can reduce the early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis. Methods： Twenty-nine normal male Japanese white rabbits （aged 4- 6 months） were subjected to unilateral close-ended （conventional） or open-ended （the cut end of the juxta-epididymal vas deferens not ligated） vasectomy via the inguinal canal. Ten days and 3 months after operation, testes, epididymides and vasa deferentia were removed and methacrylate resin-embedded sections prepared. The histology of the testis, epididymis and vas deferens was examined under light microscope, and the volume and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were quantitatively studied using stereological methods. Results： Neither of the methods of vasectomy led to apparent damage to spermatogenesis on the vasectomized side in comparison with the contralateral shamoperated side, but the juxta-epididymal vas deferens on the vasectomized side was highly distended and contained numerous sperm 3 months after operation. Conclusion： Vasectomy away from the cauda epididymis has no significant early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis in rabbits.     

L4椎管内骨软骨瘤致神经根受压1例报告

患者，男，62岁。2002年3月初开始，无明显外伤史，逐渐出现腰痛伴一侧腿痛4年余，时轻时重，经对症治疗有好转而没有引起重视。近半年腰腿痛症状加重，伴典型间歇性跛行，站立和行走时症状加重，而下蹲或坐下休息和卧床时减轻，疼痛从左侧臀部放射至同侧小腿外侧与足背。门诊以腰椎管狭窄收入院。检查：腰部无畸形，L4棘突与棘突左侧压痛，腰部过伸试验阳性。     

不同生理曲度下颈椎管容积的变化及临床意义

颈椎生理曲度的存在增加了颈椎的弹性，减轻和缓冲外力的震荡，保护脊髓和大脑以避免损伤。随着颈椎间盘髓核脱水、退变及其继发的一系列病理改变，可导致椎间隙的狭窄、椎间高度的降低和颈椎生理曲度减小、变直甚至反弓弯曲以及椎管和椎间孔的狭窄。不同的颈椎曲度下，颈椎椎管的有效容积、椎间孔的容积会发生变化。笔者对不同生理曲度下颈椎管容积的变化及临床意义作一综述。     

单开门与胶原酶溶盘联合治疗颈髓损伤的临床研究

目的探讨颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术与胶原酶直视下溶盘术联合治疗外伤性无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的疗效。方法对11例外伤性无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，然后在直视下将胶原酶注入突出的颈椎间盘，术后平均随访时间为24个月，结合症状、体征、影像学资料，观察手术效果。结果联合治疗有效地缓解了患者的症状、体征。影像学资料显示椎管容积明显增加，突出的间盘缩小。术后6个月平均JOA改善率63．7％。结论联合治疗不仅通过后路单开门扩大了椎管的容积，而且通过溶盘术缓解了颈髓前面突出髓核的压迫，从而取得了较好的治疗效果。单开门椎管扩大成形术和胶原酶溶盘术联合治疗Ⅲ型无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤是一种可行的手术方法。