新型重组人血管内皮抑素恩度治疗恶性浆膜腔积液的研究进展

Since recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin;Endostar) has been listed 5 years,clinicians have combined it with chemotherapy for the treatment of lung cancers and other malignant tumors,and proved its effect and safety.A number of scholars have explored the application of Endostar alone or in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of malignant serous effusion,finding its high efficiency and low toxicity;and that hydrops controlling is stronger,and that it can significantly improve patients' qualit...     

新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂XCF-43b体外抗血管新生研究

目的 探究XCF-43b 体外抗血管新生机理.方法 鸡胚尿囊膜(CAM)检测化合物抑制血管新生能力,MTT检测其对HUVEC细胞增殖影响,划痕实验和微管形成实验检测化合物对HUVEC迁移和微管形成的影响,Western印迹检测VEGFR2信号通路相关蛋白表达情况.结果 XCF-43b能够抑制CAM血管新生,抑制HUVEC细胞增殖的IC50为(28.42±7.23) μmol/L,对在VEGF刺激下的HUVEC的IC50值为(9.03±1.28) μmol/L,此外,2.5 μmol/L的XCF-43b能够抑制HUVEC细胞的迁移和微管形成;且能够抑制VEGFR2及其下游信号因子的激活.结论 XCF-43b通过抑制VEGFR2信号通路来抑制血管新生.     

In vivo videomicroscopy reveals differential effects of the vascular-targeting agent ZD6126 and the anti-angiogenic agent ZD6474 on vascular function in a liver metastasis model

Metastases require a functional blood supply for progressive growth. Thus, therapies that target metastatic vasculature have potential clinical utility. The effects of the vascular-targeting agent (VTA), ZD6126, and the anti-angiogenic agent, ZD6474, on vascular development and function within metastases were compared in an experimental liver metastasis model. Ras-transformed PAP2 fibroblasts were injected into the mesenteric veins of SCID mice to produce a control liver metastasis burden of 40% at 14 days. Mice given a single dose of ZD6126 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 13 were examined 24 h later. Histology revealed a significant reduction in metastatic burden, associated with extensive tumor necrosis, increased tumor cell apoptosis and a reduction in tumor-associated vasculature. In vivo videomicroscopy (IVVM) revealed disrupted, non-functional vascular channels within metastases, with no blood flow. Mice given ZD6474 on days 4 to 10 (50 mg/kg daily, oral gavage) were examined on day 11. Histology revealed a lower metastatic burden, significant reductions in metastasis size and vasculature, and a significant increase in tumor cell apoptosis. IVVM revealed extensive reductions in vascularity and blood flow within metastases. Neither ZD6126 nor ZD6474 treatment affected surrounding normal liver tissue. This study shows that both agents can reduce experimental liver metastasis with no apparent effect on normal vasculature. However, these reductions were attained through distinct effects on the metastatic vasculature. Understanding differences in the modes of action of VTAs and anti-angiogenic agents will be important in optimizing their clinical application and in developing appropriate combination strategies.     

A phase I Study with oral SU5416 in patients with advanced solid tumors: A drug inducing its clearance

Summary Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent stimulant of angiogenesis. SU5416, is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and a potent inhibitor of VEGF- mediated Flk-1 receptor signaling. Intravenous agent SU5416 has shown evidence of biological activity against a variety of tumor types. The current intravenous dosing regimen is not optimal for long-term administration, which is needed for optimal efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety profile and pharmacokinetics of a Nanocrystal Colloidal Dispersion^TM (NCD) SU5416 formulation in humans. Patients with advanced and/or metastatic solid organ tumors were included in the trial; various SU5416 regimens were tested for tolerability, safety and were evaluated concerning pharmacokinetics. The results of this study indicate that induction of clearance after oral dosing of NCD SU5416 in humans occurs and is greater than following IV administration. It has been confirmed that SU5416 is a high clearance compound, also as an oral NCD formulation. The NCD formulation was well tolerated, but no effective drug serum levels could be achieved. These data help to understand the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) properties of indoline chemical class compounds. The lessons learned should be applied in the development of next generation indoline anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor compounds.     

Cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF)

Cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF) inhibits the proliferation and DNA synthesis of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (BPAE) cells in culture (Takigawa, M.et al. Cell. Biol. Inn. Rep., 9, 619–625, 1985). In the present study, we partially purified CATF by monitoring inhibition of DNA synthesis in BPAE cells and tested the effects of the purified materials on the growth of solid tumors and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Crude CATF (CATF_20–300k), the fraction of 20 k to 300 k daltons, separated by ultrafiltration was further separated into three fractions by ultrafiltration. The fraction of 100 k to 300 k daltons (CATF_100–300k) caused slightly more inhibition than CATF_20–300k of DNA synthesis in BPAE cells. On the other hand, the fraction of 20 k to 50 k daltons had only a slight effect, and the fraction of 50 k to 100 k had even less effect on DNA synthesis in BPAE cells. CATF_100–300k caused slightly more inhibition than CATF_20–300k of the growth of solid tumors of B16 melanoma, while the fraction of 20 k to 100 k daltons did not inhibit the growth of tumors at all. CATF_100–300k also inhibited B16 melanoma-induced angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes (CAM), whereas the fraction of 20 k to 100 k daltons had little effect on the angiogenesis. CATF_100–300k was further purified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The main peak with activity on DNA synthesis in BPAE cells was eluted with 0.3 to 0.35 M NaCl at pH 8.0. The activity of this peak on DNA synthesis in BPAE cells was about 70 fold that of CATF_100–300k. The purified CATF also inhibited the growth of B16 melanoma and B16 melanoma-induced angiogenesis in CAM. On the other hand, the inactive fraction on DNA synthesis in BPAE cells obtained by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography was also inactive in inhibiting the growth of B16 melanoma and B16 melanoma-induced angiogenesis in CAM. These findings strongly suggest that CATF is an anionic macromolecule(s) and has anti-angiogenic activity, thereby inhibiting the growth of solid tumors.     

Treating systemic prostate cancer: emerging drug targets and therapies

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and is the second most common cause of cancer death. Although more patients are now diagnosed with localised prostate cancer since the advent of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, 30 - 40% will develop recurrent disease even following definitive therapy with either surgery or radiation. Patients who develop recurrent disease may be treated with androgen deprivation strategies, however within 1 - 2 years, most patients will develop androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC). While chemotherapy has been shown to have palliative benefit in this situation, there is no evidence of prolonged survival. Given the shear numbers of patients with this disease and its inexorable progression to AIPC for which no life prolonging therapy exists, there clearly is a need for improved treatment strategies for systemic prostate cancer. Research in this area includes testing combinations of previously studied chemotherapeutic agents as well as the identification and testing of novel agents. It is these drugs that are designed to target strategic pathways to improve survival and increase quality of life in these patients. In this paper, we will not review traditional chemotherapeutic agents but discuss several key potential areas of targeted therapy for prostate cancer.     

Antibody-based tumor vascular theranostics targeting endosialin/TEM1 in a new mouse tumor vascular model

Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1, endosialin) is a tumor vascular marker with significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential. However, in vivo small animal models to test affinity reagents specifically targeted to human (h)TEM1 are limited. We describe a new mouse tumor model where tumor vascular endothelial cells express hTEM1 protein. Methods: Immortalized murine endothelial cells MS1 were engineered to express hTEM1 and firefly luciferase and were inoculated in nude mice either alone, to form hemangioma-like endothelial grafts, or admixed with ID8 ovarian tumor cells, to form chimeric endothelial-tumor cell grafts. MORAb-004, a monoclonal humanized IgG₁ antibody specifically recognizing human TEM1 was evaluated for targeted theranostic applications, i.e., for its ability to affect vascular grafts expressing hTEM1 as well as being a tool for molecular positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Results: Naked MORAb-004 treatment of mice bearing angioma grafts or chimeric endothelial-tumor grafts significantly suppressed the ability of hTEM1-positive endothelial cells, but not control endothelial cells, to form grafts and dramatically suppressed local angiogenesis. In addition, highly efficient radioiodination of MORAb-004 did not impair its affinity for hTEM1, and [¹²⁴I]-MORAb-004-PET enabled non-invasive visualization of tumors enriched with hTEM1-positive, but not hTEM1 negative vasculature with high degree of specificity and sensitivity. Conclusion: The development of a new robust endothelial graft model expressing human tumor vascular proteins will help accelerate the development of novel theranostics targeting the tumor vasculature, which exhibit affinity specifically to human targets but not their murine counterparts. Our results also demonstrate the theranostic potential of MORAb-004 as PET imaging tracer and naked antibody therapy for TEM1-positive tumor.     

恩度治疗小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤瘤周水肿1例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨治疗脑转移瘤瘤周水肿的方法。方法:总结1例小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的临床资料及恩度治疗脑转移瘤瘤周水肿的效果，并对治疗脑水肿相关文献进行复习。结果:恩度抗血管生成治疗小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤瘤周水肿有很好的临床效果，能够控制脑水肿，减轻临床症状，提高生活质量。结论:恩度可以作为治疗脑转移瘤瘤周水肿的有效药物选择。     

阿帕替尼治疗肺巨细胞癌1例并文献复习

目的:探讨肺巨细胞癌的临床特征、诊断和治疗方法。方法:报道1例肺巨细胞癌患者的临床资料并对相关文献进行复习。对肺巨细胞癌的临床特征、影像学表现、病理学特征和治疗方法进行分析。结果:1例肺巨细胞癌患者因刺激性呛咳、左侧胸部闷痛3个月入院。胸部CT检查及病理穿刺活检明确诊断为肺巨细胞癌。采取多西他赛联合顺铂3周方案化疗,化疗2个周期后临床症状轻微好转且疗效评价稳定（SD）,化疗4个周期后疗效评价进展（PD）,口服阿帕替尼抗肿瘤血管生成治疗后疗效评价亦是PD。结论:肺巨细胞癌临床罕见,生存期短,预后差,目前无标准的治疗方法,化疗可能短暂延缓肿瘤进展,阿帕替尼抗肿瘤血管生成治疗效果可能欠佳。     

抗血管生成药物治疗恶性脑水肿的研究进展

抗血管生成药物通过减少血管通透性和血脑屏障破坏,能有效减轻恶性脑水肿,缓解临床症状,改善患者生命质量。目前多种抗血管生成药物在治疗恶性脑水肿方面取得了积极的疗效,因此被认为是较糖皮质激素治疗恶性脑水肿更为安全、有效的治疗手段。