血管性认知功能障碍与超敏C反应蛋白、血脂及尿酸的关系

目的探讨血管性认知功能障碍与血清超敏C反应蛋白、血脂及尿酸的关系。方法测定102例脑卒中住院患者的血清超敏C反应蛋白、血脂及尿酸的水平,并根据有无血管性认知功能障碍分为2组,比较两组的数值。结果血管性认知功能障碍组患者的血清超敏C反应蛋白、血脂及尿酸水平明显高于无认知功能障碍组。两组间的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论血管性认知功能障碍与血清超敏C反应蛋白、血脂及尿酸密切相关。     

The role of platelets CD40 ligand (CD154) in acute coronary syndromes

Background

Despite of the proof of the biological function of CD154 on platelets, there has been little information about its role either in patients with stable angina or in those with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the expression of CD154 on platelets and its role in ACS.

Methods

The study included 50 patients with ACS (24 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 26 patients with unstable angina (UA)), 20 patients with stable angina (SA) and 18 healthy volunteers. CD154 and CD62 expression on platelets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Their relations to the clinical and laboratory data were assessed in the studied group.

Results

Patients with AMI and UA had higher levels of platelets CD154 and CD62 as compared to those with SA and among patients with AMI, UA and SA versus healthy volunteers. Platelets CD154 showed significant positive correlations with the studied pro-inflammatory markers (Ox-LDL, CRP and fibrinogen), segmental wall motion score and the studied risk factors. There were significant negative correlations between platelet CD154 and serum nitric oxide among patients.

Conclusions

CD154 may be used as a marker of thrombo-embolic events. Nitric oxide may have an anti-atherogenic effect. There is an association between platelet activation and severity of coronary artery disease among patients with ACS.     

不稳定型心绞痛患者Hcy和hs-CRP水平与冠脉病变SYNTAX评分的相关性

目的探讨不稳定型心绞痛（UA）患者Hcy和hs-CRP水平与冠脉病变SYNTAX评分的相关性。方法回顾性分析82例UA病例,根据Hcy水平不同分为低Hcy组（≤15μmol/L）、高Hcy组（〉15μmol/L）,分析Hcy水平与冠脉病变SYNTAX评分的相关性。结果高Hcy组患者SYNTAX评分为18.99±9.70,明显高于低Hcy组患者的（13.78±9.50）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。SYNTAX评分Logistic回归分析显示,Hcy水平与冠脉病变严重程度（即SYNTAX评分高低）存在正相关（P〈0.05）。结论 UA患者Hcy水平与冠脉病变严重程度有关,与hs-CRP水平无明显关系。     

Reclassification of Treatment Strategy With Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve: A Substudy From the iFR-SWEDEHEART Trial

Objectives

The authors sought to compare reclassification of treatment strategy following instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Estimation of salt intake by questionnaire

A questionnaire designed to assess salt intake was tested. This involved principal components analysis of responses from 155 subjects to find the underlying components related to the questions. Validation of the questionnaire used 7-day urinary sodium excretion for 33 subjects, along with table and cooking salt usage over 7-days. This gave comparatively good prediction for total intake (r = 0.66) and table salt use (r = 0.70) but not for cooking salt use (r = 0.17). Test-retest reliability for the estimate of total intake was r = 0.75. This method would therefore offer a useful estimate of total intake, especially where group means are required rather than accurate estimates of individual intakes.     

不稳定型心绞痛的诊断和治疗

不稳定型心绞痛（Unstable Angina，UA）是指介于稳定型心绞痛和急性心肌梗死（AMI）之间的一组临床综合征，是冠心病的严重类型。在长期引起冠状动脉狭窄的基础上，斑块破裂、血小板聚集、血栓形成或冠状动脉发生严重痉挛，造成狭窄进一步加重，使心肌供氧和需氧之间的矛盾进一步扩大，从而引起心绞痛的发作失去原来稳定的特征，而表现为各种类型的UA。     

Unit activity indicators of a catecholamine role in expression of morphine effects

1. We tested the hypothesis that morphine effect on unit activity in certain limbic system areas is primarily dependent on morphine's action on noradrenergic function. Unit activity (UA) was recorded in two limbic areas rich in noradrenergic projections and in a control area (caudate). We compared the influence of morphine on the UA of these areas in intact rats and in rats that were lesioned with intraventricular 6-OH dopamine to destroy adrenergic input. 2. The results showed that: a) morphine alone depressed UA in the caudate, while causing a mild increase in the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus, b) lesioning of animals with 6-OH dopamine resulted in suppressed morphine response in the noradrenergically innervated limbic areas, and c) the caudate was depressed similarly by morphine whether or not there was 6-OH dopamine lesioning. 3. Thus we conclude that the full expression of morphine effects in these two limbic areas seems to require intact noradrenergic input.     

Interaction between the hepatic growth hormone receptor and concanavalin A.

The interaction between the plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A) and hepatic receptors for human growth hormone (GH) has been studied in particulate and soluble microsomal membrane preparations from rabbit and rat liver. Con A shows a dose-dependent, partial (30%) inhibition of 125I-human GH binding which is reversed by the Con A competitor, alpha-methyl mannoside. The Con A effect is dependent on the receptor concentration. The inhibition by Con A in rabbit liver is a reflection of a decreased number of available binding sites--there is no effect on binding affinity. It would appear that Con A binds directly to the GH-binding protein and not to an adjacent membrane glycoprotein. The GH receptor may consist of more than one molecular species, differing only in the carbohydrate type or content.     

Comparison of ozone-specific (OZAC) and oxygen radical (ORAC) antioxidant capacity assays for use with nasal lavage fluid

Antioxidants in respiratory mucus protect the underlying airway epithelium from damage by ozone (O₃), a common outdoor air pollutant. To understand O₃–antioxidant interactions and the variation of these interactions among individuals, in vitro assays are needed to measure the total antioxidant capacity of airway lavage fluid, a convenient source of (diluted) mucous samples. Here, we compare the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), a general method that uses peroxyl radicals as a reactive substance, to the recently developed ozone specific antioxidant capacity (OZAC), a procedure that directly employs O₃. For prepared model mucous antioxidant solutions containing uric acid, ascorbic acid or glutathione, the ORAC and OZAC methods yielded comparable antioxidant capacities. The addition of EDTA or DETAPAC, necessary to prevent auto-oxidation of test solutions during the ORAC assay, unpredictably altered ORAC measurements. EDTA did not have a significant effect on OZAC measurements in either prepared uric acid or ascorbic acid solutions. When assessing antioxidant capacities of nasal lavage samples, the ORAC and OZAC assays were no longer comparable. Because the OZAC of nasal lavage samples was positively related to measured uric acid concentrations whereas the ORAC data were not, the OZAC method appears to provide more realistic mucous antioxidant capacities than the ORAC method.