Dissociation of uterine eosinophilia and water imbibition from other estrogen-induced responses by nafoxidine pretreatment

We investigated the effect of pretreatment of immature rats with 5 or 50 micrograms nafoxidine (UA), or with 0.05 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on several uterine responses elicited by treatment with a test injection of 15 micrograms E2, administered 48 h after pretreatment. Early (6 h) and late (24 h) responses were measured, including wet weight, RNA, protein and glycogen content and number of blood eosinophils per uterus. The results showed that, like a 24 h pretreatment with 5 micrograms UA, a 48 h pretreatment with either of the UA doses dissociated the early wet weight response from the late responses to E2 treatment, only the former being restored. In the case of E2 pretreatment, both types of response to E2 treatment were reinstalled. By contrast, uterine eosinophilia, induced 6 and 24 h after E2 treatment, was not only restored but even markedly amplified following any of the 3 pretreatments. This was obtained without amplification of the early wet weight response and with various levels of the other parameters at the time of administration of the test E2 injection (i.e. due to the pretreatment alone). From this it may be concluded that if the previously documented correlation between estrogen-induced eosinophilia and edema actually reflects the existence of a causal link between the 2 responses, as postulated by Tchernitchin in 1972, this would be with eosinophils controlling edema, rather than the reverse. Testable working hypotheses for the mechanism of amplification of the eosinophil response are proposed.     

老年COPD病患营养治疗的疗效观察

目的观察营养状况及营养支持治疗对COPD患者治疗及预后的重要性。方法 76例COPD住院患者随机分为营养支持组(A组)和常规对照组(B组),各38例,观察在住院期间临床总有效率,平均住院时间,营养状况,血清尿酸,肺功能变化。结果 A组临床总有效率明显高于B组;平均住院时间A组明显短于B组;营养状况、血清尿酸、肺功能A组明显优于B组。结论在常规治疗的基础上,应用营养支持治疗可以明显改善老年COPD患者营养状况、肺功能,提高临床疗效,减少住院天数。     

高血压患者同型半胱氨酸、尿酸、超敏C-反应蛋白及脂蛋白a检测的临床意义

目的:研究高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、尿酸(UA)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及脂蛋白a(LPa)含量的变化。方法:选择高血压患者110例作为观察组,另选择同期进行体检的健康者110例作为对照组。检测两组受检者血清同型半胱氨酸、尿酸、超敏C-反应蛋白及脂蛋白a水平,并进行统计学分析。结果:观察组中的HCY、UA、hs-CRP及LPa血清水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在观察组中,HCY、UA、hs-CRP及LPa单一检测及4项联检的阳性率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高血压患者同型半胱氨酸、尿酸、超敏C-反应蛋白及脂蛋白a水平显著高于正常人,检测HCY、UA、hs-CRP及LPa可给临床治疗提供参考,值得临床推广应用。     

Inhibition of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3 by Betulinic Acid: Effects of Preincubation and Albumin in the Media

Betulinic acid (BA), a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, may interact with the members of the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B subfamily. Here, we investigated the interactions of BA and its analogs with OATP1B1/3 and rat Oatp1b2 in vitro and in vivo. BA inhibited the activity of OATP1B1/3 and rat Oatp1b2 in vitro. Systemic exposure of atorvastatin was substantially altered with the intravenous co-administration of BA (20 mg/kg). Preincubation (incubation with inhibitors, followed by washout) with BA led to a sustained inhibition of OATP1B3, which recovered rapidly in the media containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The addition of albumin to the media decreased intracellular concentrations of BA and expedited the recovery of OATP1B3 activity following preincubation. For asunaprevir and cyclosporin A (previously known to inhibit OATP1B3 upon preincubation), the addition of albumin to the media shortened recovery time with asunaprevir, but not with cyclosporin A. Overall, our results showed that BA inhibits OATP1B transporters in vitro and may incur hepatic transporter-mediated drug interactions in vivo. Our results identify BA as another OATP1B3 inhibitor with preincubation effect and suggest that the preincubation effect and its duration is impacted by altered equilibrium of inhibitors between intracellular and extracellular space (e.g., albumin in the media).     

NT-proBNP对基层不稳定型心绞痛患者危险分层的价值

目的观察NT-proBNP对基层不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者危险分层的价值。方法选择60例UA患者,检测血浆NT-proBNP与cTnI浓度,同时观察心电图ST段压低数值,并根据Gensini法进行冠状动脉病变积分计算。结果 60例患者中低危患者40例,高危患者20例。低危与高危患者血浆NT-proBNP浓度、ST段压低程度、cTnI浓度以及Gensini积分差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。将患者分为NT-proBNP>1 219 pg/mL组与≤1 219 pg/mL组,两组患者cTnI浓度、ST段压低程度与Gensini积分差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。此外,NT-proBNP与ST段压低程度、cTnI浓度与Gensini积分存在明显正相关(P<0.05)。结论 NT-proBNP能够作为UA患者早期危险分层的重要指标,对临床治疗有指导意义。     

Mean platelet volume and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Platelets with high hemostatic activity play an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease(CAD) and mean platelet volume(MPV) has been proposed as an indicator of platelet reactivity. Thus, MPV may emerge as a potential marker of CAD risk. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing mean difference in MPV between patients with CAD and controls and pooling the odds ratio of CAD in those with high versus low MPV.

Methods

Medline and Scopus databases were searched up to 12 March 2013. All observational studies that considered MPV as a study's factor and measured CAD as an outcome were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted the data.

Results

Forty studies were included in this meta-analysis. The MPV was significantly larger in patients with CAD than controls with the unstandardized mean difference of 0.70 fL (95% CI: 0.55, 0.85). The unstandardized mean difference of MPV in patients with acute coronary event and in patients with chronic stable angina was 0.84 fL (95% CI: 0.63, 1.04) and 0.46 fL (95% CI: 0.11, 0.81) respectively. Patients with larger MPV (≥ 7.3 fL) also had a greater odds of having CAD than patients with smaller MPV with a pooled odds ratio of 2.28 (95% CI: 1.46, 3.58).

Conclusion

Larger MPV was associated with CAD. Thus, it might be helpful in risk stratification, or improvement of risk prediction if combining it with other risk factors in risk prediction models.     

The one year exercise and lifestyle intervention program KLAKS: Effects on anthropometric parameters,cardiometabolic risk factors and glycemic control in childhood obesity

Objective

Regular physical exercise within structured lifestyle programs may improve weight status and minimize metabolic risk factors in childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the one-year combined physical exercise/lifestyle program KLAKS on anthropometric and metabolic parameters and glycemic control in childhood obesity.

Materials and Methods

142 overweight/obese (BMI > 90th percentile) candidates (7–18 years) were enrolled, 115 participants completed the program. Anthropometrics and biochemical parameters were obtained at beginning and completion. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in a subgroup of participants. Course of glucose and insulin levels within OGTT was correlated with several parameters and is reported here for those who completed the program.

Results

The mean standard deviation scores (SDS) decreased significantly for BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and percentage body fat (all p ≤ 0.01). Improved metabolic risk markers included mean glucose levels within an OGTT at follow-up compared to baseline (p < 0.0001) and HbA1c (p = 0.05) as well as indications of improvement for gamma-glutamyl-transferase and free fatty acids.

Conclusions

The one-year combined exercise/lifestyle program KLAKS significantly improves markers of obesity and glycemic control. Impaired cardiometabolic risk markers, even subclinical, are also favorably influenced by program participation.