肝功能失代偿期的乙型肝炎相关肝癌抗病毒治疗的生存分析

目的：探讨肝功能失代偿期的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）相关肝细胞癌（HCC）患者在介入治疗、射频消融治疗及内科保肝等治疗方案的基础上联合抗HBV治疗的获益情况。方法收集整理近7年来于本院住院治疗的133例肝功能失代偿期的HBV相关HCC患者的病历资料,统计在不同治疗方案下患者的生存情况,运用统计学方法进行生存分析。结果在进行保肝治疗、射频治疗及介入治疗的同时,联合核苷（酸）类似物（NAs）抗病毒治疗的患者生存时间较单独应用上述几种治疗方法的患者生存时间延长：单纯内科保肝治疗的患者中位生存期为4个月,而在单纯内科保肝治疗基础上加用NAs抗病毒治疗者中位生存期为7个月;射频治疗者为8.5个月,射频治疗的同时联合NAs抗病毒者为12个月;介入治疗者中位生存期为7个月,介入治疗的同时加用NAs抗病毒治疗者为13个月。抗病毒治疗组与未抗病毒治疗组生存率差异有统计学意义（内科治疗与内科加抗病毒治疗方案比较,χ^2=7.35,P=0.007;射频治疗与射频加抗病毒治疗方案比较,χ^2=11.78,P=0.001;介入治疗与介入加抗病毒治疗方案比较,χ^2=16.43,P=0.000）。结论给予肝功能失代偿期的HBV相关HCC患者抗病毒治疗能够延长其生存期,可使患者获益。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌预后的相关性研究

目的：观察胃癌患者幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染率,研究Hp感染与胃癌术后患者预后的相关性。方法选取2009年1月至2010年8月90例来本院就诊的胃癌患者,根据感染Hp与否分为感染组（57例）和非感染组（33例）。比较两组患者的一般资料及3年内生存情况,采用Cox比例风险模型分析胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素。结果感染组的平均生存期为（25.75±4.25）个月高于未感染组的（14.32±3.96）个月（t=12.601,P＜0.05）。不同Lauren分型、淋巴结转移、局部浸润深度、远处转移以及根治性切除方面Hp感染比例差异均具有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。Cox比例风险模型结果显示,年龄、淋巴结转移及浸润深度为胃癌患者预后的独立影响因素。结论 Hp感染可能通过影响淋巴结转移及浸润深度间接影响胃癌患者的预后,但并非独立影响因素。     

Stage-specific incidence and survival of breast cancer in Norway: The implications of changes in coding and classification practice

To describe the association between coding and classification practices and observed stage-specific incidence and survival trends in Norway over time.We identified all women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the period between 1980 and 2015. Changes in the coding and classification of breast cancer in the study period were described, and stage-specific incidence rates and relative survival were calculated.A total of 90 362 women were diagnosed with primary breast cancer, stage I–IV, or unknown stage, in the study period. Stage-specific incidence was significantly influenced by changes in coding practice, classification systems and the implementation of the screening program. These changes have mostly affected the proportion of stage I and “unknown”, but also stages II, III and IV. The proportion of stage I showed a clear increase during the implementation period of the national screening program, and was most pronounced within the age group 50–69. Stage-specific trends for relative survival were less influenced by changes in coding and classification of stage.Our study showed that the stage-specific incidence trends in Norway were influenced by changes in the coding and classification practice. These findings should be taken into consideration in future research and evaluation related to stage-specific trends and stage migration of breast cancer in Norway.     

Smoking and FGFR2 rs2981582 variant independently modulate male breast cancer survival: A population-based study in Tuscany,Italy

AimMale breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and recommendations for its clinical management are often extrapolated from those for female breast cancer, even if breast cancer (BC) has different characteristics in the two sexes. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of several individual characteristics including clinico-pathological, lifestyle and genetic factors on overall survival (OS) of a relatively large and well characterized population-based series of 166 MBCs enrolled in Tuscany.MethodsWe genotyped MBC cases at BRCA1/2 genes and at 9 candidate BC susceptibility SNPs. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression, adjusted for several individual characteristics were used. To reduce a possible selection bias related to the interval between diagnosis and enrolment of MBC cases into the study, we used the date of blood donation as the date of the start of observation for survival analysis.ResultsOnly smoking habits had a significant effect on OS at 10 years (for current smokers, HR: 3.34; 95% CI 1.45–7.68; p = 0.004), while lymph node status fell short of reaching statistical significance (for pN positive, HR: 2.07; 95% CI 0.93–4.55; p = 0.07). In the same multivariate analysis we found a significantly higher OS in cases with FGFR2 rs2981582 variant in the dominant transmission model (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13–0.62; p = 0.028). A sensitivity analysis with left truncation showed similar results.ConclusionsOur results may contribute to shed light on factors influencing MBC survival suggesting an important role for cigarette smoking and FGFR2 rs2981582 variant, and provide clues for better patient management.     

Risk factors for mortality in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the risk factors of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods As a single-center retrospective cohort study, all incident PD patients who were catheterized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between November 1, 2005 and February 28, 2017 were included. Patients were divided into diabetes mellitus group (DM group) and non-diabetes mellitus group (NDM group). Outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to assess the risk factors of all-cause mortality. Results A total of 977 patients were enrolled. Compared with NDM group, patients in DM group were older (47.5±14.4 vs 59.3±11.3, P＜0.01), had more cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.5% vs 20.3%, P＜0.01), higher levels of serum hemoglobin (78.2±17.2 vs 82.3±14.6 g/L, P＜0.01) , and lower levels of serum albumin (36.1±5.0 vs 32.7±5.6 g/L, P＜0.01). The one-, three- and five-year patient survival rates of DM and NDM group were 89.7%, 56.0%, 31.9% and 94.7%, 81.3%, 67.4%, respectively.Survival rate was significantly lower in DM group than in NDM group ( χ2=63.51, P＜0.01). Stratified analysis showed that DM group had significant lower survival rate than NDM group in patients younger than 70 years old ( χ2= 73.35, P＜0.01), while survival rate was similar between the two groups patients older than 70 years old ( χ2= 0.003, P=0.96). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that DM (HR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.27-2.38, P＜0.01), age (HR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.04-1.06, P＜0.01), leukocyte (HR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.00-1.12, P=0.04) and triglyceride (HR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.32, P＜0.01) were all independent risk factors for all-cause mortality of PD patients. However, age (HR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.04-1.07, P＜0.01) and alkaline phosphatase (HR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.02) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality of diabetic patients. Conclusions Long-term survival rate was lower in diabetic PD patients than in non-diabetic PD patients. DM, age, leukocyte and triglyceride were independent risk factors of mortality in PD patients. Age and alkaline phosphatase were independent risk factors of mortality in diabetic patients.     

Outcomes of liver transplantation for Alagille syndrome after Kasai portoenterostomy: Alagille Syndrome with agenesis of extrahepatic bile ducts at porta hepatis

BackgroundAlagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, resulting in significant cholestasis, and peculiar extrahepatic features. Some ALGS patients show a considerable overlap with biliary atresia (BA), and they can undergo Kasai procedure. The purpose of this study is to show the manifestations of BA overlapped ALGS cases in our institution, and to compare the outcomes of ALGS patients following liver transplantation (LT) between those who previously underwent Kasai surgery (ALGS-Kasai group) and those who did not (ALGS-non-Kasai group).MethodsMedical records of ALGS patients who underwent LT in Kyoto University Hospital, Japan from January 1992 to March 2018 were analyzed. ALGS diagnosis was determined according to physical, radiologic, and histopathological findings.ResultsThirty-one patients were ascertained (ALGS-Kasai: 4 males and 5 females vs. ALGS-non-Kasai: 14 males and 8 females, p = 0.43). Of 31 ALGS patients, 96.8% of children had pulmonary artery stenosis, 54.8% showed facial features, 29% revealed skeletal anomalies and 9.7% demonstrated ocular anomalies. The age at LT was significantly younger in ALGS-Kasai than ALGS-non-Kasai group (1.47 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.75–1.92] vs. 5.1 [IQR, 1.4–9.29] years; p = 0.038). Overall patient survival did not significantly differ between ALGS-Kasai (88.9%) and ALGS-non-Kasai patients (86.4%) (p = 0.84). Furthermore, the 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year patient survival rates for ALGS-Kasai group were 100%, 88.9%, and 88.9%, respectively, whereas those for ALGS-non-Kasai group were 90.9%, 90.9%, and 86.4%, respectively, with p-values of 0.36, 0.90, and 0.84, respectively.ConclusionsBA overlapped ALGS cases had neonatal progressive cholestasis which prompted Kasai procedure, and early liver dysfunction after Kasai led to performing LT. The ALGS-Kasai patients undergo LT at earlier ages than the ALGS-non-Kasai patients, however, overall patients' survival rates are similar between groups. Overall ALGS patients' survival rate after LT is considered high.Levels of EvidenceLevel III; Case–control study or Retrospective comparative study.     

组织MerTK和原发性胃癌患者临床病理特点及生存状况的相关性研究

目的探讨组织MerTK和原发性胃癌患者临床病理特点及生存状况的相关性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月～2018年4月期间我院收治的84例原发性胃癌患者的临床资料,依据患者预后分为预后良好组(n=61)和预后不良组(n=23,包括复发、转移和死亡)。所有患者均经免疫组织化学法对MerTK的表达情况进行检测,其中26例患者为MerTK蛋白高表达,58例为MerTK蛋白低表达。比较MerTK不同表达患者的生存状况,并单因素和多因素Cox分析原发性胃癌患者死亡的相关因素。结果预后不良组患者的高龄[(63.38±8.04)岁/(56.11±7.43)岁]、肿瘤直径≥5 cm(56.52%/32.79%)、弥漫型(82.61%/29.51%)、浸润深度为T3(69.58%/45.92%)、肿瘤TNM高分期[Ⅲ期(52.19%/31.14%)、Ⅳ期(34.78%/4.91%)]、存在淋巴结转移(86.96%/4.91%)、淋巴结高分期[N1期(34.78%/29.50)、N2期(34.78%/14.75%)、MerTK高表达(82.61%/11.48%)、N3期(17.39%/3.27%)]发生率高于预后良好组(P0.05)。MerTK表达、肿瘤浸润深度为T3、肿瘤TNM高分期和淋巴结转移为原发性胃癌患者死亡的危险因素(P0.05)。MerTK蛋白高表达组患者的复发率、转移率和死亡率均高于低表达组患者(P0.05)。结论 MerTK蛋白高表达患者多表现出高龄、肿瘤直径≥5 cm、弥漫型、浸润深度为T3、肿瘤TNM高分期、存在淋巴结转移、淋巴结高分期,可将其作为不良预后的判断标记物。     

贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗转移性结直肠癌的疗效及对患者血清VEGF、MMP-9及COX-2表达的影响

目的探讨贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗转移性结直肠癌的疗效及对患者血清VEGF、MMP-9及COX-2表达的影响。方法选取我院自2014年1月～2016年1月收治的84例转移性结直肠癌患者作为观察对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,各42例。两组均行化疗治疗,研究组加用贝伐珠单抗治疗,对比两组近期疗效、血清VEGF、MMP-9及COX-2表达水平、毒副反应发生率。结果研究组治疗总有效率为52.38%,高于对照组的30.95%(P0.05);治疗后,研究组血清VEGF、MMP-9、COX-2水平均低于对照组(P0.05);两组化疗相关毒副反应发生率差异不明显(P0.05)。结论贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗转移性结直肠癌可提高疗效,抑制肿瘤进展,降低VEGF、MMP-9、COX-2水平。     

基于生物信息学筛选甲状腺乳头状癌相关预后基因

目的:通过生物信息学方法分析甲状腺乳头状癌预后相关基因,为后续实验提供理论基础,以便进一步研究甲状腺乳头状癌发生的可能机制。方法:利用生物信息学方法从癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas, TCGA)数据库中下载甲状腺乳头状癌和癌旁组织样本的RNA测序数据,通过差异分析获取差异基因;利用基因本体论(gene ontology, GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes, KEGG)进行差异基因生物学功能和通路富集分析;通过蛋白交互网络分析法(protein-protein interaction, PPI)筛选出关键基因;通过生存分析研究关键基因对甲状腺乳头状癌患者生存预后的影响。结果:在TCGA数据库中共筛选出甲状腺乳头状癌患者237例,其中甲状腺乳头状癌组织212例,甲状腺癌旁组织25例。通过差异基因分析后共筛选出715个差异基因;通路富集分析显示,神经信号转导活性、逆行内源性大麻素信号为主要的信号通路;通过PPI法共筛选出18个关键基因,包含9个上调基因和9个下调基因;通过生存分析发现高表达...     

Identification of intermediate risk breast cancer patients with1–3 positive lymph nodes and excellent survival after tamoxifen as only systemic adjuvant therapy by use of markers of proliferation and apoptosis

BackgroundAccording to current guidelines, patients with primary breast cancer and 1–3 lymph node metastases will in general be offered adjuvant chemotherapy.AimOur objective was to investigate the relationship between markers of proliferation and apoptosis with survival for patients subjected to adjuvant tamoxifen solely.Material and methodsTumour cytosol samples from 409 consecutive patients with operable oestrogen receptor positive BC, stage I–III and treated with tamoxifen for 2 or 5 years were assessed for levels of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 (ccCK18), an indicator of apoptosis, by use of an ELISA assay. Data on S-phase fraction (SPF) were available for 370 patients. Survival analyses were performed according to levels of ccCK18 and SPF separately, as well as combined.ResultsA wide range of ccCK18 protein levels was found, median 9.97, range 0.0–87.3 pg/μgDNA. Increasing SPFs were significantly associated with a lower distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) (p = 0.025) and breast cancer survival (BCS) (p = 0.046). In the group with low SPF (below mean), low amounts of ccCK/18 correlated with a shorter DRFS (p = 0.0028) and BCS (p = 0.0027). A Proliferation Index (PI); a quotient of ccCK18/SPF was constructed. Low PI (high ccCK18/SPF ratios) were significantly correlated with an improved survival both when analysed as continuous variables; DRFS (p = 0.021), BCS (p = 0.038) and when divided into quartiles; DRFS (p < 0.001) and BCS (p = 0.0012). A similar correlation was found in patients with 1–3 lymph node metastases; DRFS (p = 0.089) and BCS (p = 0.019). A Cox's proportional hazard model including age, tumour size, lymph node status, PgR and ccCK18/SPF was used for multivariate analysis. High ccCK18/SPF ratios correlated with improved survival; DRFS (HR = 0.47 (0.22–0.98), p = 0.043), and BCS (HR = 0.39 (0.16–1.00), p = 0.049), respectively.ConclusionBy use of a proliferation index based on markers of proliferation and apoptosis, a group of patients with 1–3 lymph node metastases with good outcome following adjuvant tamoxifen was identified; this group could possibly be spared adjuvant chemotherapy.