490名师范学院大学生失眠状况调查

目的　了解师范学院大学生失眠情况及其分布特征。方法　对上饶师院 4 90名学生进行睡眠和失眠相关问题的问卷调查。结果　 38.0 %的被试报告有失眠现象。男生失眠率显著高于女生 ( χ2 =9.79,P <0 .0 1) ;三年级毕业班学生失眠率高于一年级和二年级学生 ( χ2 =9.86 ,P <0 .0 1) ;文理科学生失眠率差异无显著性。SCL - 90调查结果显示 ,失眠学生躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖6个因子分和阳性项目数显著高于非失眠者。结论　师范学院大学生失眠现象常见 ,失眠学生心理问题症状较多     

Do weekly and fast-rotating shiftwork schedules differentially affect duration and quality of sleep?

 Characteristics of shiftwork schedules can have distinct impacts on workers’ sleep. This report presents comparisons of the effects of two different shiftwork schedules on duration and quality of the main sleep episodes in comparable worker populations at two different petrochemical plants. No significant differences were found for sleep duration in comparing the two plants. However, within each plant’s shift cycles, morning and night shifts showed shorter sleep durations than all other workdays and days off. Quality of sleep was perceived as lowest for night shifts of both plant schedules, and of lesser quality for weekly than for fast-rotating shifts. These results support recommendations for reducing the number of consecutive nights of shiftwork. However, before recommending any optimal shift schedule, interactions of sleep duration and quality with shift schedules need much further evaluation. Received: 18 December 1995/Accepted: 18 July 1996     

Sarcoidosis and primary biliary cirrhosis

Summary An unusual case of a woman with primary biliary cirrhosis and cutaneous sarcoidosis is described. The factors that allow a specific diagnosis of each condition are presented and the literature pertaining to such complex and unusual cases is presented.This work was supported in part by a grant from the Gastroenterology Medical Research Foundation of Southwestern Pennsylvania.     

抑郁症的睡眠脑电图与人脑兴奋守恒假说

目的　探索抑郁症状与睡眠脑电图参数的相关性。方法　对 18例抑郁症和 10例正常人评定汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表 (HAMD)和检测睡眠脑电图。结果　HAMD总分与觉醒次数及REM密度分别呈显著正相关 (r分别等于 0 .4 0 8和 0 .4 4 5 ,P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论　抑郁症和正常人的白天中枢抑制与夜间中枢兴奋相关 ,从而支持人脑兴奋守恒假说。     

硕士生睡眠质量状况及其与心理健康的相关研究

目的了解硕士生睡眠质量状况及其与心理健康的关系;为提高硕士生的睡眠质量和心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对高校298名硕士生进行睡眠质量和心理健康调查。结果①以PSQI总分≥8作为判断睡眠质量问题的标准,27.4%的硕士生存在睡眠质量问题,睡眠质量不佳主要体现在日间功能障碍(58.4%)、入睡时间(38.6%)、睡眠质量(31%)和睡眠障碍(19.3%)。②一、二年级与三年级在入睡时间上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。公费和自费硕士生在PSQI总分和睡眠效率上存在显著性差异。文科和理科硕士生在催眠药物和日间功能障碍上存在显著性差异。年龄≥30岁和年龄<30岁的硕士生在睡眠效率上存在显著性差异。③硕士生PSQI总分及大多数成份与SCL-90各因子呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。④不同睡眠质量硕士生的心理健康状况分析显示,睡眠质量好、一般和差的硕士生在SCL-90均分及各因子得分上存在显著性差异。结论研究生睡眠质量不尽人意;睡眠质量与心理健康高度相关。各个部门及研究生自身应该引起高度重视,保证良好睡眠,促进身心健康。     

强迫症含强迫思想和强迫行为者二重辨证施治在开放式心理病房的研究

目的 :探讨二重辨证施治对强迫症含强迫思想和强迫行为者的疗效 ,及其在开放式心理病房的适应情况。 方法:将 5 2例强迫症含强迫思想和强迫行为者按随机的原则在开放式心理病房分为研究组 (2 7例 )和对照组 (2 5例 )。研究组用二重辨证施治 ,对照组用认知疗法结合氯丙咪嗪、氟西汀等。研究时间共 5个月 ,头 2个月为积极治疗期 ,后 3个月为自由治疗期。采用临床疗效评定标准 ,耶鲁布朗强迫症量表 (Y -BOCS) ,x2 检验 ,t检验。 结果 :研究组和对照组 ,积极治疗期末痊愈差异有统计学意义 (x2 =19.94,P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,自由治疗期末痊愈差异有更大的统计学意义 (x2 =2 6.64 ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。耶鲁布朗强迫症量表 (Y -BOCS)总分 ,两组治疗前差异无统计学意义 (t =0 .75 6,P >0 .2 ) ;积极治疗期末 ,两组差异有统计学意义 (t=10 .3 2 4,P <0 .0 0 1) :自由治疗期末 ,两组差异有更大的统计学意义 (t=12 .66,P <0 .0 0 1)。 结论 :二重辨证施治对强迫症含强迫思想和强迫行为者有普遍卓越的痊愈功效和痊愈巩固功效 ,应积极推广。开放式心理病房可作为强迫症含强迫思想和强迫行为者二重辨证施治的医疗平台     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸紊乱综合征有效治疗前后的心率变异性分析

目的通过观察OSAS患者经过有效治疗前后HRV的变化,评价患者的心率变异性变化情况。方法对51例OSAS病人在有效治疗前后同步进行PSG检查及动态心电监测,统计其HRV的时阈指标SDNN、rMSSD及频阈指标LF、HF及LF/HF,采用SPSS/PC统计软件中配对样本t检验进行处理。结果SDNN、LF、LF/HF等指标在治疗前后的差异有显著性(p<0·05),rMSSD、HF的变化无显著性差异(p>0·05)。结论有效治疗OSAS可使植物神经系统的功能得到恢复,降低心脏事件发生的危险性。     

臀上皮神经临床意义

目的:阐明臀上皮神经临床意义。方法:解剖20具尸体(40侧)腰臀区,对臀上皮神经及相关结构进行解剖、观察、分析。结果:40侧腰臀区共发现138支臀上皮神经。在神经出胸腰筋膜后层处的卵圆形空隙有27个,其剩余空间周围见有脂肪组织。结论:臀上皮神经穿出胸腰筋膜后层处的卵圆形空隙为引起脂肪组织疝出、卡压神经引发腰痛的薄弱点。     

Involvement of prolactin in the REM sleep-promoting activity of systemic vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

The involvement of pituitary prolactin (PRL) in systemic vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced sleep was studied. Male rats were implanted with electrodes for EEG-recording, with brain thermistors to record cortical temperature (T_crt) and with chronic intracardial catheters to obtain blood samples and to deliver substances. One group of rats (n = 8) received normal rabbit serum (NS) + physiological saline (SAL) on the baseline day and was injected with NS + VIP on the experimental day. In the other group of rats (n = 6), the baseline day was followed by administration of PRL-antiserum (PRL-AS) + VIP on the experimental day. The sera and VIP or SAL were injected 30 min before and at light onset, respectively. Sleep-wake activity was then recorded for the next 12-h light period. Systemic VIP-stimulated PRL secretion as measured by RIA in serial samples obtained hour 1 postinjection. VIP also elicited selective increases in REM sleep (REMS) in the rats pretreated with NS. T_crt was not affected by VIP. Administration of PRL-AS blocked the increase in circulating levels of free (non-IgG-bound) PRL and prevented VIP-enhanced REMS. Comparisons of the sleep effects of PRL-AS + VIP with the previously reported changes in sleep after PRL-AS alone indicate that PRL has a major role in the mediation of the REMS-promoting activity of systemic VIP. The results suggest that an increased release of endogenous pituitary PRL modulates REMS.     

Increase of prolactin mRNA in the rat hypothalamus after intracerebroventricular injection of VIP or PACAP

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), the structurally homologous pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and the pituitary hormone, prolactin (PRL) enhance rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). VIP and PACAP are both inducers of PRL gene expression and release in the pituitary gland. Little is known about PRL regulation in the brain although it is hypothesized that the REMS-promoting activity of i.c.v. administered VIP may be mediated via the activation of cerebral PRL. To test whether VIP or PACAP in fact increase intracerebral mRNA, the peptides (VIP: 30 or 300 pmol; PACAP: 220 pmol) were injected i.c.v. into rats at dark onset. 1 h later, cDNA was synthesized from purified hypothalamic mRNA. Standardized amounts were analysed for PRL using the polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blotting and hybridization. Compared with β-actin mRNA levels, both VIP and PACAP increased PRL mRNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion though VIP was more effective on a molar basis. The previously reported alternatively spliced PRL mRNA (lacking exon 4) was not detected. The data support the hypothesis that the REMS-promoting activity of central VIP and PACAP might be mediated by cerebral PRL.