肾缺血再灌注模型两性肾损伤差异的荟萃分析

目的 应用荟萃分析探求并评估啮齿类动物肾脏缺血再灌注模型中两性肾损伤差异.方法 检索PubMed与EMBASE数据库从2002年1月至2014年1月的相关文献,并阅读引入文献的参考文献以弥补缺漏.制定文献纳入及排除标准,并通过查阅文献制定效应指标的评价标准.采用Stata 12.0软件进行数据处理.结果 纳入14篇文献,共采用了289只动物.啮齿类动物在遭受肾脏缺血再灌注损伤后,雌性肾脏损伤程度在血肌酐[SMD=-5.95（-7.39,-4.51）,P＜0.01]、尿素氮[SMD=-3.76（-5.60,-1.93）,P＜0.01]均低于雄性.亚组分析显示,啮齿动物种类、肾脏缺血时间都会显著影响两性间肾脏损伤差异的大小;其中,缺血时间达45 min时,两性间差异达到最大.结论 啮齿动物在肾缺血再灌注后两性肾损伤程度存有差异,且缺血时间、动物种类会影响这种差异的程度.通过调整缺血时间可能会使两性损伤差异最大化.纳入的试验异质性较大且存在发表偏倚,尚需设计严谨实验.     

The role of the testicular factor INSL3 in establishing the gonadal position

INSL3, also designated Leydig insulin-like (Ley I-L) or relaxin-like factor (RLF), belongs to the insulin-like hormone superfamily. It is expressed in pre- and postnatal Leydig cells of the testis and in postnatal theca cells of the ovary. This sexual dimorphic pattern of INSL3 expression during development led us to suggest that the INSL3 factor could play an essential role in sexual differentiation, gonadal function and germ cell development. Key insights into the role of INSL3 came from analyses of INSL3 knockout mice. These mice showed impaired development of the gubernaculum ligament, a structure that is believed to mediate transabdominal descent of the testis during male embryogenesis. In double mutant XY-mice lacking INSL3 and a functional androgen receptor, it was demonstrated that both are essential for establishment of the sexual dimorphic position of the gonads through regulation of gubernaculum development and regression of the cranial suspensory ligament (CSL) during fetal life. Defects in this developmental process can cause cryptorchidism in the male, which is a most common disorder of sexual differentiation in human.     

A Qualitative Analysis of Father–Son Relationships among HIV-Positive Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men

Young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are experiencing high and rising rates of HIV infection, more than any other age-risk group category in the USA. Contributors to HIV risk in this group remain incompletely elucidated. We conducted exploratory qualitative interviews with 20 HIV-positive YBMSM aged 17–24 and found that father–son relationships were perceived to be important sociocontextual influences in participants’ lives. Participants discussed the degree of their fathers’ involvement in their lives, emotional qualities of the father–son relationship, communication about sex, and masculine socialization. Participants also described pathways linking father–son relationships to HIV risk, which were mediated by psychological and situational risk scenarios. Our thematic analysis suggests that father–son relationships are important to the psychosocial development of YBMSM, with the potential to either exacerbate or attenuate sexual risk for HIV. Interventions designed to strengthen father–son relationships may provide a promising direction for future health promotion efforts in this population.     

Behavioral and neural trade-offs between song complexity and stress reaction in a wild and a domesticated finch strain

The Bengalese finch is the domesticated strain of the wild white-rumped munia. Bengalese finches have been domesticated and reproductively isolated for over 250 years from the wild strain. During this period, the courtship songs of the domesticated birds became phonologically and syntactically complex. In addition, psychological and physiological stress reactions to environmental and social factors diverged between the two strains. Based on our behavioral and histological studies, we consider the balance between the glucocorticoid- and mineralocorticoid receptors in song control nuclei and in the avian amygdala as to determine whether a bird can develop complex songs or rather has to devote the neural resources for the maintenance of stress reactions. We therefore suggest that phonological and syntactical complexity in Bengalese finch songs initially evolved because domestication freed them from species recognition and environmental stress, and then sexual selection increased the complexity. Neural and molecular studies also support the notion that Bengalese finches keep more song plasticity as adults. In conclusion, the present study suggests that domestication changed factors related with psychobiology of stress reactions and learning in finches.     

Association between sexuality knowledge and sexual dysfunction in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and their partners

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of sexual knowledge with sexual desire, sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients and partners, and their willingness to participate in sexual education.MethodsThis is a multi-center survey. Patients were eligible if they had received HSCT. Patients’ current sexual partners were invited to the study unless they had limitations on sexual activity. Sexual desire, activity and satisfaction was assessed using the Sexual Activity Questionnaire. Sexual knowledge, experience of information seeking, sexual counseling or education, and willingness of participate in sexual education were assessed using questionnaire.ResultsOf 151 participants, 61.8 % had experience of receiving counseling about their sexual issues after HSCT. Compared to the lower sexual knowledge group, participants with higher sexual knowledge reported to be 1.91 times more sexually active with 3.04 times higher sexual desire. Among the participants, 79.4 % of participants had the willingness to receive sexual education after HSCT and preferred to receive sexual education from sexual education specialistsConclusionsHigher sexual knowledge was associated with higher sexual desire, sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction.Practice implicationsSexual education should be provided to patients and their partners after HCST by trained experts for HSCT patient’s sexual life.     

3-8岁阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征儿童性激素水平的初步研究

目的检测3-8岁阻塞性睡眠暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea-bypopnea sgn-drome,OSAHS）儿童血清性激素水平,探讨其性激素变化与下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴（hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis,HPGA）启动的关系。方法以76例3-8岁符合 OSAHS 的儿童和40例3-8岁健康儿童为研究对象,检测血清睾酮（T）、雌二醇（E2）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）及催乳素（PRL）水平,对其 HPGA 启动、体格发育情况进行对比,分析性别、低氧、体重指数（BMI）与性激素水平之间的关系。结果OSAHS 组儿童身高、体重水平明显低于对照组（P ＜0．05）,E2水平明显高于对照组（P ＜0．01）。OSAHS 组男童 FSH 水平明显低于对照组（P ＜0.01）。OSAHS 组女童 FSH 水平明显高于 OSAHS 组男童（P ＜0．01）。结论OSAHS 可能影响儿童身高、体重,OSAHS 可能影响 E2、FSH 的分泌,3-8岁 OS-AHS 儿童体内雌激素的负反馈调节敏感性高,HPGA 尚未启动。