均一吸收体中SPECT重建多解性的探讨

通过对重建图像噪声特性的分析，间接证明ＳＰＥＣＴ的解具有多样性。分别用ＴｒｅｔｉａｋＭｅｔｚ、Ｇｕｌｂｅｒｇ、富谷武浩等推导的３种等价重建方法和Ｂｅｌｉｎｉ等推导的重建方法，经计算机模拟重建衰减均匀分布的图像，先预置相同的重建图像的空间分辨率，再比较它们的噪声特性。两种方法重建图像的噪声分布：前者近图像边缘时增大，而后者减小，从而间接证明在假定均匀衰减条件下，ＳＰＥＣＴ的重建有多解性。     

21世纪加强医学生人文素质培养的思考

医学科学从来就是科学知识与人文精神密切结合的一门学科。现代科学技术越来越多地应用于医学研究和医学实践,大大地促进了医学科学的发展,然而也呼唤着更多的医学人文精神的关怀。如何把医学科学知识与医学人文精神有机地结合起来,是我国医学院校教育的重要课题。     

Quality of life as outcome in the treatment of osteoporosis: The development of a questionnaire for quality of life by the European foundation for osteoporosis

The morbidity of osteoporosis is caused by fractures. Vertebral fractures lead to pain and disability and a decrease in quality of life. A Working Party of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis has developed a specific questionnaire for patients with established vertebral osteoporosis. This questionnaire is intended for use in clinical trials. The questionnaire consists of questions and visual analogue scales in the following domains: pain, activities of daily living, jobs around the house, mobility, leisure and social activities, general health perception and mood. The questionnaire has been translated from English into French, German, Italian, Hebrew, Swedish and Dutch. The questionnaire is currently being validated in a multicentre study involving patients with stable osteoporosis and control subjects. Preliminary results indicate that the reproducibility is sufficient and that the questionnaire is able to discriminate between patients with vertebral osteoporosis and control subjects.     

Late Effects of Childhood Acute Leukemia and Its Treatment

Late effects of childhood acute leukemia and its treatment were studied in 766 patients (684 ALL, 73 ANLL, and 9 others) in Japan who had remained in remission for more than 1 year after their first complete remission. Delayed adverse sequelae involve a wide variety of organs and their functions. Short stature was present in 2.61%, obesity in 3.79%, abnormalities of growth hormone secretion in 1.5%, delayed secondary sex characteristics in 1.5% of males and 0.6% of females, motor disturbances in 1.17%, sensory disturbances in 0.91%, intellectual and learning disabilities in 2.48%, abnormal findings in routine neurologic examinations in 1.31%, EEG abnormalities in 4.30%, brain CT abnormalities in 5.09% and cardiac dysfunction in 1.07%. Various other disorders were seen in 20 patients. Many of these delayed adverse sequelae are caused by or related to central nervous system prophylaxis and systemic combination chemotherapy. The results suggest that it is needed to improve therapeutic methods through the stratification of patients by risk factors and detailed analysis of prognostic factors. Moreover it is important to render medical and psychosocial support to long-term survivors of childhood leukemia through interactions between the patient, parents and medical staff.     

论医院质量管理推行ISO9000族标准的必要性

为了迎接医疗市场的竞争和挑战 ,医院将应用于工业企业的ISO90 0 0族标准引入到医疗服务领域。它通过严格的过程控制 ,使医院实现了质量管理制度健全化、系统化、合理化 ,大大减少了服务中的差错 ,全面提高了服务质量 ;通过工作程序化及持续改进 ,改善了医务人员的工作环境 ,提高了医院运作效率和运营效益。本文从现行的质量管理的不足分析入手 ,从八个方面阐述医院质量管理推行IS0 90 0 0族标准的必要性 ,以此来说明医院的质量管理采用ISO90 0 0族标准 ,将会使医院的质量管理有一个质的飞跃。事实证明通过认证的医院已从中收益。     

Developing and running an EQA scheme in diagnostic histopathology

External quality assessment (EQA) schemes in histopathology form a key part of laboratory quality management, but their principal function is educational. ‘Test’ material is circulated to participants, who evaluate the material following their normal practice and return responses to an organizing laboratory for collation and evaluation. The test material must be representative of the routine workload, but not mundane. Unlike histopathology slide clubs, objective, quantitative, personal feedback for each participant is vital to ensure unambiguously the identification of areas requiring CPD. The objective evaluation of textual responses in EQA is problematic, but various approaches have been used successfully. The participants are individuals, not laboratories, so confidentiality is paramount. Mechanisms to investigate persistent substandard performance must exist, but should be used very rarely; self-improvement is the usual route to protecting standards of patient care.     

品质圈活动在护理工作中的应用现状与进展

品质圈活动是确保质量得到持续改进和控制的有效方法之一.对品质圈活动的概念、内涵、实施以及在护理工作中的实践应用做一综述,旨在帮助护理工作人员认识实施品质圈活动的意义,为护理管理者全面提高护理质量提供一些借鉴和启示.     

我国城市地下水水质污染状况研究进展

综述了我国城市地下水水质污染状况的研究进展     

A comparative study of plateletpheresis using Baxter Autopheresis C and Haemonetics PCS Plus

SUMMARY. This study compared plateletpheresis on the Haemonetics PCS Plus (PCS Plus) and the Baxter Autopheresis C (Auto C) using the same 100 selected donors. The number of packs meeting UK BTS/NIBSC specification (>2.2 times 10¹¹ platelets per pack) was achieved by 99% of PCS Plus and 82% of Auto C procedures. The positive correlation found between donor precount and final platelet yield was better for the PCS Plus. Both machines met U.K. specification for white-cell contamination but this was significantly greater for the Auto C. Plasma yields were similar.
As a result of this study we chose to use the PCS Plus for routine plateletpheresis in our unit. This has enabled us not only to comply with UK BTS/NIBSC specifications for apheresis platelets easily and cost effectively but also to meet our own higher specification (2.75 times 10¹¹ platelets per pack) using existing staff and without extending the working day.