妊娠对大鼠吸入性全麻药血/气分配系数和组织/气分配系数的影响

目的 观察妊娠对大鼠吸人性全麻药血，气分配系数及组织，气分配系数的影响。方法 健康成年（3月龄）雌性妊娠（妊娠18—22d）和非妊娠SD大鼠各10只，分别为妊娠组和非妊娠组。腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠40mg／kg麻醉，经腹主动脉抽血用于测血，气分配系数，放血处死后，分别取心、肝、肾及脑组织并制成匀浆，采用注射器顶空二次平衡法经气相色谱仪测定七氟醚、异氟醚和氟烷的血，气分配系数及组织，气分配系数。结果与非妊娠组相比，妊娠组氟烷的血，气分配系数和脑，气分配系数降低（P〈0．05），七氟醚、异氟醚的血，气分配系数、肝，气分配系数、肾，气分配系数、心，气分配系数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 妊娠降低大鼠氟烷的血，气配系数和脑，气分配系数，但不影响七氟醚和异氟醚的血，气分配系数和组织，气分配系数。     

Surgical Complications and Long-Term Outcome of Different Biliary Reconstructions in Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis—Choledochoduodenostomy versus Choledochojejunostomy

Choledochojejunostomy (CJS) is commonly used for biliary reconstruction in liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We alternatively performed choledochoduodenostomy (CDS) and side-to-side choledochodocholedochstomy in a large cohort of patients. Fifty-one patients with PSC, transplanted between 1988 and 2000, were analyzed retrospectively. Biliary reconstruction was CDS in 25 (49%), CJS in 20 (39%) and CC in 6 transplantations (12%). Biliary leaks occurred in the early follow-up (< or =41 days) only in CDS patients (20%). However, in the late follow-up (>4 months), stricturing of anastomosis was found once in CDS (4%) and CJS (5%). Later (>9 months), intrahepatic bile duct strictures were diagnosed in four CDS (16%), one CJS (5%) and one CC (17%) patient(s). In 48% of CDS (12/25), 60% of CJS (12/20) and 17% of CC (1/6) at least one incidence of cholangitis was observed. Overall, biliary complication rates were significantly higher in CDS (40%) than CJS (10%) and CC (17%); of those none in CC and 12% in CDS were anastomosis-related. Graft/patient survival showed no significant differences among groups. Based on our results we consider CJS the standard method for biliary reconstruction in PSC; however, in selected cases where CJS is difficult to accomplish because of previous surgery or for retransplantation, CDS may present an alternative technique.     

磁共振成像在肝移植术后并发症诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁共振成像在肝移植并发症诊断中的价值。方法回顾分析11例肝移植术后发生并发症者的磁共振检查影像资料。结果11例患者术后出现皮肤和巩膜黄染、发热以及尿黄等症状，丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和胆红素升高．经B型超声波检查不能明确原因，采用磁共振（MRI、MRA和MRCP）检查，明确肝动脉吻合口狭窄1例；肝动脉闭塞2例；下腔静脉吻合口狭窄及血栓形成各1例；胆管吻合口狭窄4例，其中1例伴胆汁瘤形成；肝门水平非吻合口狭窄6例；肝坏死2例；肝包膜下血肿及右肾上腺出血各1例；均显示不等量的右侧胸腔积液、腹腔积液及肝门部水肿。结论磁共振一次检查可显示肝内外的多种结构，能为肝移植术后并发症的诊断提供丰富的肝脏、血管、胆道以及肝外结构的图像信息。     

A Call for a National Transplant Surgical Quality Improvement Program

The severity of illness in transplant patients and the complexity of transplant operations results in significant postoperative morbidity and mortality. Remarkable efforts have been made by transplant physicians to study and improve organ allocation, graft and patient survival, immunosuppression and the long-term management of post-transplant complications. Less effort has been spent studying the actual transplant operation and systems of acute transplant care. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) has provided a standardized approach to quality improvement and has demonstrated significant potential for a reduction in postoperative morbidity and mortality in other surgical disciplines. Medical centers are under increasing pressure to measure surgical quality and the nexus of transplant surgical quality improvement should not lie in the hands of CMS or JACHO, but rather it should be created and developed within the transplant community. The time has come for a national transplant surgical quality improvement program based on the NSQIP infrastructure. Such a proactive approach toward quality improvement from the transplant community is an excellent investment for patients, providers and health care payers.     

代孕技术中的伦理道德及法律问题

新近发展的代孕技术给众多不孕夫妇带来为人父母的喜悦之时,也对人们传统的生殖伦理观念形成冲击并挑战现存法律制度.人们不仅要肯定代孕技术的合理性,也要警惕其所产生的潜在的破坏性影响.合理利用该技术和制定相应的法规是避免出现伦理和社会混乱的有效途径.     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症介入治疗围手术期并发症分析

目的 总结下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症介入治疗围手术期相关并发症的防治经验.方法 对207例下肢动脉硬化件闭塞症行介入治疗,统计围手术期各种并发症的发生情况,分析并发症的发生率与泛大西洋介入协会(transAtlantic inter-society consensus,TASC)分型分级之间的关系以及糖尿病和冠心病对重要脏器并发症发生率的影响.结果 本组207例,介入手术成功190例.17例失败,其中13例为介入操作失败、4例死于术后重要脏器并发症.围手术期并发症包括穿刺点出血12例、假性动脉瘤4例、消化道出血2例、动脉破裂6例、脑梗塞8例、急性心衰9例、呼衰13例、肾衰6例、支架内血栓形成5例和蓝趾综合征1例.在本组患者的TASC分型中,股腘动脉病变介入治疗并发症的发生率为39.84%(51/128),高于主髂型的18.99%(15/79)(P<0.05);患有糖尿病以及合并糖尿病和冠心病患者重要脏器并发症的发生率分别为27.66%(13/47)和24.49%(12/49),高于无合并症患者的5%(2/40)(P<0.05).结论 下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症介入治疗围手术期并发症发生率较高可能与术中操作不当、病变类型复杂及合并糖尿病和冠心病有关,术前注意合并症的处理及术中选择合理治疗方式、缩短手术时间等可减少并发症的发生.