牙周炎早期干预对提高内皮细胞功能的影响

目的探讨牙周炎是否能够导致内皮细胞功能紊乱,适当治疗能否改善内皮细胞功能并预防心脑血管事件。方法进入研究的20例牙周炎患者接受3个月的牙周炎治疗,比较治疗前后牙周参数(探诊深度、探诊出血、牙周附着度、菌斑指数)及内皮细胞功能(血流介导的血管扩张度)。结果经治疗后牙周状况明显好转,内皮细胞功能明显改善。结论牙周炎可以造成内皮细胞功能紊乱并诱发心脑血管事件,适当的干预治疗能够改善内皮细胞功能并预防心脑血管事件发生。     

Association between periodontitis and systemic bone mineral density in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women

Objective

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between loss of attachment (LA) which is clinical index of periodontitis and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women.

Subjects and methods

Subjects were 347 women aged 55–74. The oral cavity was divided into 6 areas according to the WHO's method for the determination of the clinical attachment level score (CALscore); the LA was measured at 6 sites using a WHO probe in 17, 16, 11, 26, 27, 37, 36, 31, 46, and 47, and the values were recorded in mm. Then, we assessed BMD of the lumbar vertebrae (L2–L4) and femur (femoral neck, proximal part) by DXA. Based on these data, analysis of covariance was used to estimate relation between periodontitis and systemic BMD status excluding effect of age. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate relation between periodontitis and BMD adjusted for 17 variables.

Results

Significant differences were observed in the mean value between the mean CALscore = 0 and CALscore ≥ 1 groups in the Z value in lumbar vertebrate (106.9 ± 18.7 vs. 102.3 ± 1.0, p < 0.05, t-test). Multiple regression analysis was conducted using the mean LA as dependent variable. Lumbar vertebral BMD (regression coefficient: B = −1.039 ± 0.379, p = 0.007), femoral neck BMD (B = −1.332 ± 0.627, p = 0.034), and proximal femoral BMD (B = −1.329 ± 0.536, p = 0.014) all exhibited a significant negative correlation with the mean LA.

Conclusion

A significant negative correlation was observed between periodontal disease and truncal bone BMD in this study.     

慢性牙周炎患者病损局部Th 1和Th 17细胞表达

目的:研究慢性牙周炎患者病损局部的Th1细胞及Th17细胞表达情况,为临床诊治牙周炎提供参考。方法:选择2013年2月至2015年7月本院收治慢性牙周炎患者70例作为实验组,同期在本院进行体检的健康者70例作为对照组,对两组被检者均给予龈沟液标本采集,观察Th细胞相关因子IFN-γ、TNF及IL-17表达情况并进行对比。结果:慢性牙周炎患者中,Th1细胞IFN-γ表达为(0.19±0.05),高于对照组(P<0.05);TNF表达为(0.33±0.05),高于对照组(P<0.05);Th17细胞中IL-17为(0.58±0.12)pg/μL,高于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:慢性牙周炎患者病损局部均有Th1和Th17细胞高表达,提示Th1细胞及Th17细胞可能是导致牙周炎发生的关键因子,共同发挥致病作用。     

Efficacy of metformin in the management of periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Periodontitis is characterized by inflammation of the periodontium and leads to loss of teeth if untreated. Although a number of surgical and pharmacological options are available for the management of periodontitis, it still affects a large proportion of population. Recently, metformin (MF), an oral hypoglycemic, has been used to treat periodontitis. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of MF in the treatment of periodontitis. An electronic search was carried out using the keywords ‘metformin’, ‘periodontal’ and ‘periodontitis’ via the PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published from 1949 to 2016. The addressed focused question was: ‘Is metformin effective in reducing bone loss in periodontitis? Critical review and meta-analysis were conducted of the results obtained in the selected studies. Following the removal of the duplicate results, the primary search resulted in 17 articles and seven articles were excluded based on title and abstract. Hence, 10 articles were read completely for eligibility. After exclusion of four irrelevant studies, six articles were included. The topical application of MF resulted in improved histological, clinical and radiographic outcomes. Additionally, results from the meta-analysis indicated that application of metformin improved the clinical and radiographic outcomes of scaling and root-planing, but at the same time heterogeneity was evident among the results. However, because of a lack of histological and bacterial studies, in addition to short follow-up periods and risk of bias, the long-term efficacy of MF in the treatment of bony defects is not yet ascertained. Further studies are needed to envisage the long-term efficacy of MF in the management of periodontitis.     

牙周炎患者血清白细胞介素18的检测和意义

目的 通过对牙周炎患者与健康对照人群血清白细胞介素18(IL-18)的检测和分析,初步探讨IL-18在牙周疾病过程中的变化情况.方法 按纳入标准选择38名牙周炎患者作为病例组,33名健康人群作为对照组;记录探诊出血指数(BOP)、牙周袋探诊深度(PD)和临床附着丧失(CAL)情况;收集静脉血清样本,采用双抗夹心ELISA法测定血清IL-18水平.结果 病例组血清IL-18平均浓度为205.68±160.12 pg/ml,对照组为48.45±42.15 pg/ml,病例组血清IL-18水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).病例组血清IL-18水平与PD和CAL呈正相关关系,与BOP之间未显示出相关关系.结论 牙周炎可导致血清IL-18水平显著升高,升高程度与牙周炎严重程度呈正相关.     

牙周炎龈沟液中HMGB1、2的表达及意义

目的：探讨HMGB1、HMGB2与NO在牙周炎发病中的相关性,以了解HMGB1、HMGB2在牙周炎发病中可能的生物学作用。方法：选取2012年3月-2014年3月本院牙科收治的106例牙周炎患者作为试验组,另外选取本院牙齿健康体检者58例作为对照组。应用酶联免疫吸附测定HMGB1、HMGB2及硝酸还原法测定NO在龈沟液中的含量,分析HMGB1、HMGB2与NO在牙周炎龈沟液中的相关性。结果：两组HMGB1、HMGB2和NO三个指标的比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,表示HMGB1、HMGB2和NO三个指标在牙周炎龈沟液中的表达与正常人比较异常增高。HMGB1和HMGB2与NO的水平作Spearman相关分析,相关系数分别为r=0.875、0.848（P〈0.05）,均呈正相关。结论：HMGB1、HMGB2可能是牙周炎中的重要炎因子之一。     

牙周-正畸联合治疗成人牙周炎效果观察

目的：探讨牙周-正畸联合治疗成人牙周炎患者的方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年3月～2010年4月我院经牙周-正畸联合治疗的37例成人牙周炎患者临床资料,并观察正畸治疗后23～48个月远期疗效。结果正畸治疗后37例患者咬合关系正常,前牙覆覆盖正常,牙齿排列整齐,邻接关系恢复,尖窝接触关系良好,牙齿松动明显好转,牙龈探诊未见出血,X线片检查显示牙槽骨吸收停止或有增生影像。随访23～48个月,37例患者基本做到半年复查一次,其中无复发29例（78.4%）,轻度复发8例（21.6%）,无明显复发者。结论牙周-正畸联合治疗牙周炎能有效控制炎症,消除咬合创伤,排齐牙列,利于牙周组织痊愈及患牙固定,恢复患牙咀嚼和美观功能,保持长期稳定的治疗效果。     

慢性牙周炎口腔变黑普雷沃氏菌分离鉴定及促进食管鳞癌演进

目的分离、鉴定口腔变黑普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella nigrescens,P.nigrescens),探讨其对食管鳞癌是否有促进作用。方法胰豆胨肝粉琼脂(GAM)培养基厌氧原代培养慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液,挑选黑色菌落分离纯化;革兰染色、16S rRNA基因测序鉴定分离的单克隆细菌;该细菌感染食管鳞癌细胞NE6-T后细胞生物学性状变化。结果慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液厌氧原代培养120 h后可见多个菌落,其中灰黑色菌落经连续划线法分离纯化为黑色、圆形光滑单克隆菌落。该细菌革兰染色阴性、串珠状排列,16S rDNA序列与P.nigrescens F0103同源性为99.78%(P.nigrescens LY01)。LY01感染促进NE6-T细胞体外增殖、迁移、侵袭和裸鼠皮下荷瘤生长,并诱导Ki67表达上调和p-STAT3激活。结论慢性牙周炎口腔P.nigrescens可能促进了食管鳞癌发展。     

Spontaneous periodontitis is associated with metabolic syndrome in rhesus monkeys

Objective

The present study was designed to investigate (1) whether the non-human primate would be an appropriate animal model for the study of spontaneous periodontitis and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and (2) whether microRNAs (miRNAs) play roles in the co-development of metabolic disorders and periodontitis.

Design

Rhesus monkeys (aged 12–29 years) with or without MetS were analyzed for the prevalence of periodontitis. The potential mechanisms underlying the association between MetS and periodontitis were explored using miRNA profiling of the gingival tissues from the MetS monkey groups with or without periodontitis as well as the age-matched controls.

Results

Among the 57 rhesus monkeys examined, 18 were diagnosed with periodontitis according to the inclusion criteria, with an overall prevalence of 31.6%. Moreover, the prevalence of periodontitis was 8.3% in the control group, 18.2% in the at-risk group, and 44.1% in the MetS group. The C-reactive protein level was doubled in the MetS periodontitis group, compared to the non-periodontitis sub-groups. Most importantly, only 3 miRNAs were confirmed to be differentially expressed between the MetS periodontitis and non-periodontitis subgroups while other miRNAs showed similar expression profiles.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the monkey with MetS is an ideal model for studies of spontaneous periodontitis and its association with MetS. miRNA profiling using this unique model showed that miRNAs play roles in the co-development of MetS and periodontitis.     

Quantification of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive mast cells in human chronic periodontitis

ObjectivesMast cells (MCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions through the release of inflammatory mediators. So far limited attention has been given to the role of MCs in periodontitis. T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain (TIM)-3 is an immunomodulatory molecule and influences MC function. However, whether TIM-3 is expressed on MCs in the process of human periodontal disease has not been reported. Therefore, we identified MCs by toluidine blue staining and examined the expression of TIM-3 on tryptase-positive MCs in different severities of human chronic periodontitis using double-immunofluorescence staining in this study.Material and methodsA total of 83 human periodontal specimens were involved in this study, including healthy control tissues (n = 25), chronic moderate periodontitis (n = 28), and chronic severe periodontitis (n = 30). The gingival specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathology, with toluidine blue for MCs, and with double-immunofluorescence for identification of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive MCs in gingival tissues.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, the score of gingival tissue inflammation was significantly increased in the chronic moderate periodontitis (P = 0.013) and chronic severe periodontitis (P < 0.0001), and the densities (cells/mm²) of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive MCs were significantly increased in both the chronic moderate (P = 0.011) and severe periodontitis groups (P < 0.0001). However, compared with the chronic moderate periodontitis group, both the score of gingival tissue inflammation (P = 0.012) and the density of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive MCs (P = 0.011) in gingival tissue were significantly increased in the severe periodontitis groups.ConclusionSignificantly increased number of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive MCs had the similar tendency as the severity of periodontitis inflammation in human chronic periodontitis. Our data suggest that TIM-3 may have a role on MCs in human chronic periodontitis.