阴茎鳞状细胞癌腹股沟淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的 探讨阴茎鳞状细胞癌腹股沟淋巴结转移的危险因素,筛选淋巴结转移的高危患者.方法 回顾性分析81例阴茎鳞状细胞癌患者临床及病理资料.年龄27～81岁,中位年龄49岁.病程＜1年者46例(56.8%),≥1年者35例(43.2%).行单侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫6例,双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫75例.按2002年TNM分期标准进行分期,并记录患者年龄、有无包皮过长/包茎史、肿瘤部位、大小、数目、形状、分级、腹股沟淋巴结体格检查情况和淋巴结大小等指标.结果 81例患者中经病理证实有区域淋巴结转移者pN+42例(51.9%),无淋巴结转移者pN0 39例(48.1%).G1、G2、G3患者区域淋巴结转移发生率分别为32.0%(16/50)、78.3%(18/23)和100.0%(8/8),各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.015).根据腹股沟淋巴结体格检查结果,cN+和cN0患者区域淋巴结转移发生率分别为63.5%(40/63)和11.1%(2/18),2组差异有统计学意义(P=0.012).81例均获随访,随访时间2～127个月,中位时间40个月.腹股沟淋巴结转移阳性患者与阴性患者的5年无病生存率分别为71.4%与92.3%(P=0.005),5年总生存率分别为79.0%与91.4%(P=0.001),差异均有统计学意义.结论 腹股沟淋巴结体格检查结果和肿瘤分级是腹股沟区域淋巴结转移的独立危险因素.腹股沟淋巴结转移患者5年无病生存率和总生存率较低,对淋巴结转移高危患者,应采取积极治疗措施.     

口腔黏膜背侧移植结合阴茎带蒂皮瓣腹侧覆盖治疗阴茎部尿道狭窄

目的:总结口腔黏膜背侧游离移植结合阴茎带蒂皮瓣腹侧覆盖尿道扩大成形术治疗阴茎部尿道狭窄的临床效果及经验。方法:选择北京积水潭医院泌尿外科2015年11月至2018年10月采用口腔黏膜背侧游离移植结合阴茎带蒂皮瓣腹侧覆盖尿道扩大成形术治疗阴茎部尿道狭窄患者22例的病例资料进行回顾性分析。所有患者均无术前尿瘘等合并症,均为单纯性单处阴茎部尿道狭窄,其中医源性狭窄14例(63.6%)、感染性狭窄2例(9.1%)、特发性狭窄6例(27.3%)。术中均从腹侧纵行切开尿道狭窄段,先采用游离口腔黏膜做狭窄段背侧嵌式修补,腹侧采用纵行阴茎带蒂皮瓣(Orandi皮瓣)覆盖修补,留置16F或14F硅胶尿管,3周后拔除尿管并行尿道造影及膀胱镜检查。术后最大尿流率≥15 mL/s且不需要尿道扩张等外科干预可视为手术成功。结果:本组患者年龄平均52.6(18~73)岁。患者尿道狭窄均位于前尿道阴茎部,长度平均5.3(2.5~10.0) cm,术前平均最大尿流率6.7 mL/s。口腔黏膜取材长度平均5.5(3.2~10.5) cm,阴茎皮瓣长度平均6.0(3.5~11.0) cm。手术时间平均225(150~420) min,术中平均估计失血量53(20.0~110.0) mL。采用颊黏膜19例(86.4%), 舌黏膜3例(13.6%),其中双侧颊黏膜取材5例(22.7%)。平均随访20.5(5~51)个月,术后6个月平均最大尿流率21.2(15~32) mL/s。术后尿瘘形成1例、再狭窄2例,手术成功率为81.8%(18/22), 2例再狭窄患者1例再次行尿道成形术后治愈,另1例行定期尿道扩张治疗。术后感染2例,表现为尿道口脓液溢出、阴茎肿胀,对症处理后治愈。局部皮肤坏死1例,给予保守治疗成功。尿瘘患者行瘘修补术后治愈。结论:口腔黏膜背侧游离移植结合阴茎带蒂皮瓣腹侧覆盖尿道扩大成形术治疗阴茎部尿道狭窄22例平均随访20.5个月,手术成功率为81.8%,临床效果明确,适用于严重前尿道阴茎部狭窄且局部阴茎皮肤状况良好的患者。     

自制髂动脉分支装置治疗腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂动脉瘤1例

髂动脉分支装置（iliac branch device, IBD）是专为髂动脉分叉设计的分支支架,为主-髂动脉瘤、孤立性髂动脉瘤腔内治疗时重建髂内动脉血流的理想解决方案。北京大学人民医院血管外科利用自制的一枚IBD,成功治疗腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术（endovascular aneurysm repair, EVAR）后髂动脉瘤1例,其设计及植入较既往报道［1-3］均有独到之处,现将病例分享如下。     

壮阳药效动物实验评价方法的改进

目的 对壮阳药效评价方法进行优化,以探求更为有效的候选药物筛选方法.方法 模型组大鼠均灌胃给予西地那非10 mg/kg,对照组大鼠给予相同容量的生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续灌胃给药14 d.每次给药后连续记录2h内大鼠阴茎勃起、阴部理毛、爬背次数和参与动物数,并计算PEI值.采用改良的壮阳药效评价方法,整个过程采用摄像头观察并在不同时间段给予雌鼠诱导.结果 在雌鼠诱导组中,模型组大鼠给药后2 h PEI值较对照组明显升高(P＜0.05).在模型组中,与人为观察组相比,摄像头观察组大鼠给药后2 h PEI值明显升高(P＜0.05);与非雌鼠诱导组相比,雌鼠诱导组大鼠给药后2 h PEI值明显升高(P＜0.05);与持续诱导组相比,间断诱导组2h PEI值无明显差异,但60 ～ 120 min时间段PEI值明显升高(P＜0.05).结论优化后的壮阳药效评价方法能更为有效的评价候选药物的壮阳药效.     

开放手术治疗近肾腹主动脉闭塞的临床分析

背景与目的 近肾腹主动脉闭塞属于主髂动脉闭塞的极端情况,治疗相对棘手。尽管腔内治疗适用于此类患者,开放手术治疗仍有其适应证所在。本研究分析近肾腹主动脉闭塞患者行开放手术治疗的效果,并总结经验及其治疗策略。方法 收集首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院血管外科2018年7月—2022年5月期间行开放手术治疗的10例近肾腹主动脉闭塞患者的临床资料。回顾性分析患者的一般资料、手术方式、手术时间、术中出血量、腹主动脉阻断方式、肾上腹主动脉阻断时间、手术并发症、症状缓解程度及随访结果。结果 10例患者手术均顺利完成。手术时间210~420 min,中位手术时间为265 min;术中出血200~1 200 mL,中位出血量375 mL。3例行膈下腹主动脉-双股动脉人工血管搭桥术,其中1例同时行右膝上截肢术;1例行膈下腹主动脉-双髂总动脉人工血管搭桥术,同时重建肠系膜下动脉;5例行肾下腹主动脉-双股动脉人工血管搭桥术;1例行腋动脉-双股动脉人工血管搭桥术并左颈动脉内膜剥脱术。膈下腹主动脉阻断4例,肾上肾下序贯腹主动脉阻断1例,肾下腹主动脉阻断4例。肾上腹主动脉阻断时间14~20 min,中位阻断时间20 min。围手术期无心脑血管意外、死亡、肾功能障碍及人工血管感染发生。10例患者术后双下肢间歇性跛行或静息痛症状均消失,双侧足背或胫后动脉搏动均可扪及。10例患者获随访4~40个月,中位随访时间27个月,随访期间桥血管均通畅、吻合口无狭窄、无下肢及肠道缺血表现。结论 近肾腹主动脉闭塞患者行开放手术治疗效果确切,桥血管远期通畅率高,需根据患者不同情况采取个体化的治疗方式。     

Lymph node metastases and prognosis in penile cancer

Lymph node status is a key prognostic factor in penile squamous cell carcinoma. Recently, growing evidence indicates a multimodality approach consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by consolidation surgery improves the outcome of locally advanced penile cancer. Thus, accurate estimation of survival probability in node‐positive penile cancer is critical for treatment decision making, counseling of patients and follow‐up scheduling. This article reviewed evolving developments in assessing the risk for cancer progression based on lymph node related variables, such as the number of metastatic lymph nodes, bilateral lymph node metastases, the ratio of positive lymph nodes, extracapsular extension of metastatic lymph nodes, pelvic lymph node metastases, metastatic deposit in sentinel lymph nodes and N stage in TNM classification. Controversial issues surrounding the prognostic value of these nodal related predictors were also discussed.     

Validation of the virtual elevation field test method when assessing the aerodynamics of para-cyclists with a uni-lateral trans-tibial amputation

Lower-limb amputees typically require some form of prosthetic limb to ride a bicycle for recreation or when competing. At elite-level racing speeds, aerodynamic drag can represent the majority of the resistance acting against a cyclists’ forward motion. As a result, the reduction of such resistance is beneficial to an amputee whereby the form and function of the prosthetic limb can be optimized through engineering. To measure the performance of such limbs, field testing provides a cost-effective and context-specific method of aerodynamic drag measurement. However, few methods have been formally validated and none have been applied to amputees with lower-limb amputations. In this paper, an elite level para-cyclist wore two different prosthetic limb designs and had their total aerodynamic drag of a wind tunnel reference method statistically correlated against a velodrome-based virtual elevation field test method. The calculated coefficient of variation was in the range of 0.7–0.9% for the wind tunnel method and 2–3% for the virtual elevation method. A 0.03?m² difference was identified in the absolute values recorded between the two methods. Ultimately, both methods exhibited high levels of precision, yet relative results to each other. The virtual elevation method is proposed as a suitable technique to assess the aerodynamic drag of amputee para-cyclists.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• This assessment method will provide practitioners a reliable means of assessing the impact of changes made to prosthetics design for cyclists with limb absence.

• The proposed method offers a low cost and geographically accessible solution compared to others proposed in the past.

• This assessment method has significant potential for impact among prosthetic limb users looking to improve their cycling performance whereas previous attention in this field has been extremely limited.

     

组配式生物型股骨柄在复杂髋翻修中的应用

目的 :探讨组配式生物型股骨柄MP假体应用于复杂髋翻修的手术技术要点及疗效。方法 :回顾性分析2002年1月至2013年12月行MP假体翻修的患者,共246例获得随访,男148例,女98例;年龄26~83岁,平均62.5岁。术后随访0.5~11年,平均5.7年。翻修原因:无菌松动107例,髋关节置换术后感染104例,其他35例有不明原因疼痛、假体周围骨折、磨损及脱位等。根据Paprosky分型,股骨骨缺损Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型39例,ⅢA型171例,ⅢB型22例。术前髋关节Harris评分37.4±7.5。随访患者行影像学检查、临床疗效评估及主观满意度调查。结果:随访时Harris评分提升至87.8±4.2,高于术前(t=92.13,P=0.00)。双下肢长度、术后稳定性及患者总体主观满意度结果:非常满意分别为27、60及61例。最常见的并发症为骨折29例,其中术中21例,术后8例;其他并发症包括感染7例,脱位5例,坐骨神经不全损伤所致患肢麻木6例、肿胀3例。随访X线显示4例假体下沉(>1 cm),其中2例翻修。结论:MP假体用于复杂髋翻修(尤其是股骨近端严重骨缺损)患者,远、近期随访效果良好,且用于感染翻修成功率高。为避免并发症,提高手术效果,术中需要仔细操作,掌握适应证及手术技术要点。     

Sentinel node biopsy in uro-oncology: A history of the development of a promising concept

Lymph node staging is important in many urologic malignancies. The lack of a sufficiently accurate noninvasive lymph node staging modality has proven to be challenging as most urologic malignancies rely on surgical lymph node removal for regional staging. Penile cancer has been a model disease for the development of the sentinel node concept, which has subsequently been successfully adapted to breast cancer and melanoma studies. Currently, the sentinel node technique is standardized in many centers and under development for new indications. The introduction of near-infrared cameras and fluorescence techniques has paved the way for robot-assisted laparoscopic sentinel node biopsies in prostate cancer, urinary bladder cancer, and renal cancer. Fluorescence techniques have increased visual guidance towards lymph nodes during surgery and have challenged previously established templates for surgical lymph node removal. This review discusses the history of our understanding of the lymphatic system and the development of the sentinel node concept and highlights the importance of early and minimally invasive regional lymph node staging. Contemporary data on sentinel node biopsy in each of the urologic malignancies are assessed. Current trends towards robot-assisted sentinel lymph node removal are discussed, and the diagnostic accuracy and oncologic safety of sentinel node procedures are addressed. In an era of several new sentinel node indications, the importance of proper case selection, protocolled regimen, consequent follow-up, and back-up strategies in the case of radiotracer-silent or nonvisualized regions is stressed.