癌症的远古性及其理论和实践意义

最近研究发现,癌症起源于6.35亿年前最早的多细胞动物诞生时。更迷人的是,最早的癌基因起源于16~18亿年前古单细胞原生动物中。众多的癌基因有各自的进化年龄。因此,推测癌症的早期诊断、预防和治疗可利用上述信息。     

miR-21与妇科肿瘤关系的研究进展

微小RNA (miRNA)是一类分布十分广泛的内源性非编码RNA,在动物、植物和病毒中广泛存在.miRNA与肿瘤的发生、发展和预后有关,并在肿瘤的增殖、分化及凋亡等方面有重要的作用.大量研究结果表明,许多miRNA可作为原癌基因或抑癌基因,在肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥重要作用,其中miR-21最受重视.miR-21作为较早...     

Molecular biology of adult gliomas: some landmarks for neurosurgeons

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent developments in molecular biology have provided the clinician with opportunities to investigate a number of new biomarkers. This has led to an abundant literature reporting the biological role, the relation to survival, and the predictive value of treatment responses in adult glioma patients. Consequently, the clinician must assimilate a large amount of information, raising the question of the genuine role of these biomarkers in the daily care of these patients. METHODS: The authors report the data on biomarkers from the literature relevant to this context. DISCUSSION: Molecular biology today sheds new and valuable light on the natural history of adult glioma, bringing to the forefront a number of therapeutic principles for glioma patients as a group. However, each of these biomarkers does not have sufficient power to amount to a criterion for individual patient therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS: Biomarkers are not pertinent today for decision making, but the authors believe that the principle of including this approach in adult glioma workups must be encouraged as a promising means of study in the years to come.     

人大肠癌细胞系HR 8348和HCe 8693 K－ras基因的点突变分析

本文采用修饰引物的聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）所建立的限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ），并结合ＰＣＲ直接测序方法，首次分析了我国建株大肠癌细胞系ＨＲ８３４８和ＨＣｅ８６９３的Ｋ－ｒａｓ基因点突变。发现该两细胞系均存在ｋ－ｒａｓ第１２密码子的点突变，其方式均为ＧＧＴ→ＧＡＴ；但未发现Ｋ－ｒａｓ第１３和６１密码子的突变。     

表皮生长因子受体跨膜区编码序列的克隆

目的：克隆表皮生长因子受体跨膜区（Transmembrane,TM）编码序列，为构建跨膜型超抗原和细胞因子的表达载体奠定基础。方法：以表达c-erb-B2癌基因的中国卵巢癌细胞系HO－8910细胞的RNA逆转录产物(cDNA）为模板，用两条针对c-erb-B2全长基因序列中编码TM区序列特异性的引物，采用RT－PCR方法克隆TM区片段并测序。结果：实验克隆的TM编码序列，经测序证实与Genbank中接受号为M11730的TM区序列完全一致；与接受号为X03363的TM区序列存在G→A的多态性。结论：成功地克隆了TM编码序列，并证实源于中国的卵巢癌细胞系HO－8910中所包含的表皮生长因子受体基因中编码的TM区序列存在多态性。     

Oncogenic driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: Past,present and future

Lung cancer, of which non-small lung cancer is the most common subtype, represents the leading cause of cancer related-death worldwide. It is now recognized that a significant proportion of these patients present alterations in certain genes that drive oncogenesis. In recent years, more of these so-called oncogenic drivers have been identified, and a better understanding of their biology has allowed the development new targeted agents. This review aims to provide an update about the current landscape of driver mutation in non-small-cell lung cancer. Alterations in Kirsten rat sarcoma, epidermal growth factor receptor, MET, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, c-ROS oncogene 1, v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase, human epidermal growth factor 2, neuregulin-1 and rearranged during transfection are discussed, as well as agents targeting these alterations. Current standards of treatment as well as promising future strategies are presented. Currently, more than fifteen targeted agents are food and Drug administration-approved for seven oncogenic drivers in non-small-cell lung cancer, highlighting the importance of actively searching for these mutations. Continuous and future efforts made in defining the biology of each of these alterations will help to elucidate their respective resistance mechanisms, and to define the best treatment strategy and therapeutic sequence.     

Tiam1基因在胃癌细胞的表达及其生物学行为研究

目的构建Tiam1基因的真核表达载体,评估其转染人胃癌细胞株MKN45细胞后对胃癌细胞功能的影响。方法实时荧光定量PCR分析Tiam1基因在胃癌细胞中的表达;将外源性重组真核表达载体Tiam1基因(N1/Tiam1)转染到人胃癌细胞株MKN45内,经G418筛选并建立稳定表达Tiam1基因的胃癌MKN45细胞株,为:N1/Tiam1组,转染空质粒细胞(N1)组和未处理细胞(MKN45)组的两个对照组分别为:N1组和MKN45组;通过细胞增殖、划痕和侵袭实验分别观察上调Tiam1基因表达后的胃癌细胞功能。结果与N1组相比,N1/Tiam1组中Tiam1蛋白表达明显上调[(0.36±0.05)vs.(2.67±0.14),P<0.01];与对照组相比较,N1/Tiam1实验组较N1对照组细胞增殖数量明显增加(P=0.000);与转染N1空载体的MKN45细胞对照组相比,转染了N1/Tiam1高表达质粒的MKN45细胞促进胃癌细胞的迁移和侵袭。结论 Tiam1基因真核表达载体的筛选成功,为继续深入的研究Tiam1基因在胃癌中的功能奠定了基础。     

miRNA与食管癌

动植物中广泛存在着一大类小的非编码蛋白质的RNA,21-25个核苷酸长度,被命名为microRNA(miRNA). miRNA在物种进化中相当保守,其表达有组织特异性和时序特异性. 其功能为负调控基因表达,进而调节细胞的代谢,增殖,分化和凋亡等基本的生理过程. 因此,miRNA的改变必会导致一些严重的病理过程. 研究已证实miRNA在肿瘤的发生和发展起着癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,miRNA的表达谱可用于某些肿瘤的诊断、分期和判断预后,并且在肿瘤分类方面较mRNA有更大地优越性. 本文着重介绍miRNA的产生,作用机制,与肿瘤的关系,检测方法及其在食管癌的诊断、分期和生物治疗方面的潜在作用.