葡萄胎恶变预测的研究进展

妊娠滋养细胞疾病(GTD)是一组具有不同临床、形态学和生物学特性的异质性疾病,其共同特征为滋养层异常.葡萄胎虽属于妊娠滋养细胞疾病中的良性病变,但有潜在恶变的危险.目前主要依据密切监测血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)衰减曲线来检查潜在的恶性病变.最近几年,随着实验室诊断技术的改进和各项检测设备的发展,有关能早期发现葡萄...     

c—Ha—ras原癌基因与银屑病

ｒａｓ癌基因与角朊细胞增殖、分化密切相关。本研究旨在利用斑点杂交和原位杂交法研究ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ癌基因在正常皮肤及进行期斑块型银屑病皮损中的表达，从癌基因角度初步探讨银屑病的发病机理。结果：①斑点杂交表明ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ在进行期斑块型银屑病皮损中含量较正常皮肤增加１倍；②ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ癌基因在正常皮肤表皮主要表达于部分基底层细胞，而在进行期银屑病皮损内则可见于除角质层外其余各层表皮细胞，且以棘层细胞为主。ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ癌基因在表皮细胞的过度表达及表达部位的改变可能是银屑病表皮过度增生和异常分化的重要机理。     

The Myc/macrophage tango: oncogene-induced senescence, Myc style

Ras/Raf-prototypic oncogenes induce cellular senescence, a terminal cell-cycle arrest, as a default cellular safeguard program, while oncogenic Myc is known to rather promote apoptosis as the prime failsafe mechanism. We review and discuss here evidence for Myc-induced senescence – which is detectable to a limited degree as a cell-autonomous, direct response to Myc action, but occurs predominantly in a non-cell-autonomous fashion via crosstalk of the oncogene-driven cell population with non-neoplastic bystanders, namely cells of the host immune system, prompting them to release pro-senescent cytokines that strike back onto adjacent proliferating tumor cells. In particular, we discuss how Myc-evoked apoptosis serves as a signal for macrophage attraction and activation, followed by the secretion of TGF-β as a cytokine that is capable of terminally arresting Myc-driven lymphoma cells without causing further DNA damage and without launching a senescence-associated, pro-inflammatory, and, therefore, potentially detrimental cytokine response in the target population. In essence, non-cell-autonomous but still oncogene-orchestrated senescence is a functionally relevant, robustly tumor-suppressive principle with critical implications for conceptually novel anti-cancer therapies in the clinic.     

高迁移率族蛋白A1在肿瘤中的作用及其机制

高迁移率族蛋白A1 (HMGA1)是非组蛋白染色质蛋白超家族的成员,广泛存在于真核生物细胞核中,主要参与对基因表达转录的调控.研究表明几乎所有的人类恶性肿瘤中都有HMGA1异常表达,其在癌症的发生发展中可能有重要作用,但具体致癌机制尚未完全清楚.构建的HMGA1转染系统在以后的肿瘤研究中将有潜在的应用价值,也为肿瘤的治...     

miRNA在妇科肿瘤中的研究进展

miRNA是参与基因转录后水平调控的非编码内源性小分子RNA,参与细胞周期、细胞分化、生长、新陈代谢以及细胞寿命等多个生物过程。在卵巢癌、子宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌中miRNA表达谱存在明显异常,提示其可能在调控妇科肿瘤的发生和发展中扮演着重要角色。在此阐述miRNA的生化特征,并分析和总结miRNA与妇科肿瘤的发生发展、早期诊断以及耐药性的关系,为妇科肿瘤中miRNA的功能研究以及临床实践提供参考。     

肝细癌高表达基因TPT1对肝细胞株L-02生物学行为的影响

对肝癌组织和肝硬化组织进行抑制性消减杂交在肝癌中获得的高表达基因P02,它与TPT1基因高度同源,认为P02即TPT1.研究结果表明阻断该基因的表达可抑制肿瘤细胞的恶性表型.如果使该基因高表达能否导致肿瘤的发生呢?本研究将连有TPT1的带有绿色荧光蛋白标签的真核表达载体转染正常肝细胞L-02,观察其生物学行为的变化,探索TPT1在肝细胞癌发生、发展中的作用.     

Genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer

The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is devastating for patients and their relatives as the incidence rate is approximately the same as mortality rate. Only a small percentage, which ranges from 0.4% to 4% of patients who have been given this diagnosis, will be alive at five years. At the time of diagnosis, 80% of pancreatic cancer patients have unresectable or metastatic disease. Moreover, the therapeutic alternatives offered by chemotherapy or radiotherapy are few, if not zero. For all these reasons, there is an imperative need of analyzing and understanding the primitive lesions that lead to invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Molecular pathology of these lesions is the key of our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of this cancer and will probably help us in earlier diagnosis and better therapeutic results. This review focuses on medical research on pancreatic cancer models and the underlying genetic alterations.     

慢性粒细胞性白血病bcr/abl基因检测的临床意义

目的探讨慢性粒细胞性白血病(CML)bcr/abl基因检测的临床意义。方法采用荧光定量PCR(FQPCR)检测112例CML患者bcr/abl融合基因的表达。结果对照组bcr/abl基因表达均为阴性。112例CML患者bcr/abl基因表达阳性率为88.39%(99/112),表达值范围(3.2～7.8)×107copies/L;67例CML患者费城染色体(Ph染色体)分析结果中,51例为Ph(+)/bcr(+),5例为Ph(-)/bcr(+),9例Ph(+)/bcr(-),2例Ph(-)/bcr(-);17例CML患者α干扰素(INFα)治疗前bcr/abl基因表达均值为(2.60±0.9)×107copies/L,INFα治疗后为(1.82±0.57)×107copies/L,两者具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论bcr/abl基因表达水平的定量检测及动态观察,对CML的临床诊断、疗效判断及预后具有重要意义。     

C-fos、K-ras蛋白在肝内胆管癌形成过程中的表达及意义

目的：探讨癌基因产物C－fos、K－ras蛋白与肝内胆管癌发生的关系及其生物学意义。方法：利用氨基比林和亚硝酸钠诱发叙利地鼠肝内胆管癌，应用免疫组化方法检测癌变过程中C－fos、K－ras蛋白的表达情况，并应用图象分析技术对免疫组化结果进行半定量分析。结果：C－fos蛋白在胆管增生病变中即出现高表达，随增生程度的加重及肿瘤形成，其阳性表达率和表达强度均逐渐增高，这种高表达状态持续出现于癌变的全过程；而K－ras蛋白高表达仅见于少数不典型增生胆管，胆管腺瘤和腺癌组织中，结论：C－fos癌基因的激活和蛋白高表达是叙利亚地鼠肝内胆管癌发生的早期分子事件，并参与癌变的全过程；K－ras基因的激活及蛋白高表达可能与部分胆管上皮的恶性转化相关。