应用微滴式数字PCR技术快速诊断新生儿侵袭性真菌病

目的 探讨微滴式数字PCR（ddPCR）技术在快速、精确诊断新生儿侵袭性真菌感染（IFI）中的临床应用价值。方法 选择真菌高度保守序列18S rRNA为目标序列，通过引物设计，建立ddPCR检测真菌体系。在深圳一家医院新生儿重症监护室采集了有IFI高危因素和/或临床症状的83例患者血样（n=83），采用血培养及ddPCR法分别对血样进行真菌检测。结果 ddPCR检测真菌体系的特异性为100%，灵敏度可以达到3.2 copies/μL，重复性良好。临床试验中，22例确诊/临床诊断IFI患儿血样中，ddPCR检测阳性19例。61例拟诊/非IFI患儿血样中，ddPCR法检测结果有2例阳性。结论 初步证明ddPCR技术可用于新生儿IFI的检测，该技术是新生儿IFI筛查甚至诊断很有前途的工具。     

Value of procalcitonin as a marker of surgical site infection following spinal surgery

Aim

To compare the value of Procalcitonin (PCT) as a marker of surgical site infection to other inflammatory markers, including C-Reactive Protein (CRP), White Cell Count (WCC) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) in patients undergoing a number of spinal procedures. This study also aims to describe the biokinetic profile of the above-named markers in patients developing surgical site infection and those remaining infection-free post-operatively.

Analysis of the relationship between deep venous catheter-related infection and post-operative complications in patients receiving minimally invasive esophagectomy

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate catheter-related infection rate(CRIR)for patients receiving minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE),to identify the optimal catheterization approach and relationship between CRIR and post-operative complications.Methods In total,168 patients with esophageal carcinoma and undergoing MIE combined with preoperative deep venous catheterization(DVC)were analyzed in our institution(Qingdao Municipal Hospital,China),from 2014 to 2018.After completing DVC,catheter-tips together with intraductal venous blood samples were sent to the microbiology lab for bacterial strain culture.CRIR was statistically evaluated for the following clinical variables:gender,age,smoking status,drinking status,past history,tumor location,histologic grade,pathological T,N,and M category,anastomotic location,anastomotic leakage,anastomotic stricture,chylothorax,pneumonia,recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN)injury,reflux esophagitis,catheterization site,and catheter-locking days.Results Among the 144 patients recruited in our study,105 catheters were inserted into the jugular vein and 39 catheters into the subclavian vein.The median age of these patients was 63 years(range:42–79 years),and the median catheter-locking period was seven days(range:4–21 days).Four catheters were identified with three types of strain colonizations,including Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus and Blastomyces albicans.Statistical data showed that patients diagnosed with catheter-related infection were likely to incur anastomotic leakage(66.67%,P<0.001)and pneumonia(27.27%,P<0.001);features such as tumors located in the upper esophagus(13.6%,P=0.003),and over seven catheterlocking days(10.00%,P<0.001)were attributed to a high CRIR.Conclusion Although both jugular and subclavian veins can be catheterized for patients with MIE,DVC is associated with more than seven catheter-locking days and upper esophagectomy,due to high CRIR.Furthermore,catheter-related infection is related to anastomotic leakage and pneumonia.     

肺炎支原体感染后小儿血常规变化及临床意义分析

目的观察肺炎支原体感染后小儿血常规的变化,并分析其临床意义。方法筛选出2018年10月-2019年9月于在我院进行诊治处理的60例肺炎支原体感染患儿作为研究对象,并将其作为观察组,同时选择同期到我院进行健康体检的60例患儿作为对照组。记录、对比两组的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、淋巴细胞比例、淋巴细胞绝对值、单核细胞比例、单核细胞绝对值、红细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板计数等血常规指标水平。结果对检测结果展开分析后可知,两组的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板计数等血常规指标水平对照,无明显差异(P>0.05);相较于对照组,观察组患儿的白细胞计数、单核细胞绝对值、中性粒细胞及单核细胞等血常规指标水平呈现明显的提升趋势(P<0.05),而淋巴细胞比例、淋巴细胞绝对值等血常规指标水平呈现明显的下降趋势(P<0.05)。结论患儿肺炎支原体感染后血常规指标会发生明显变化,对血常规指标进行监测可为临床诊断及治疗提供重要依据。     

Skipped vertebral spontaneous spondylodiscitis caused by Granulicatella adiacens: Case report and a systematic literature review

BackgroundGranulicatella adiacens is a nutritional variant of streptococcus (NVS), which has been rarely reported as an etiologic agent in spondylodiscitis (SD).Material and methodsWe report a case of a 51-year-old male with from chronic low-back pain associated with right sciatica and ipsilateral monoparesis. Spinal MRI showed radiological signs on L1-L2 and L5-S1 discs consistent with SD. We also performed a systematic review of the pertinent literature in order to retrieve all the key information regarding microbiological and clinical features.ResultsIncluding our patients, seven cases with a mean age 56 ± 10.2 years were reported in English literature. Six patients were conservatively managed with antibiotic therapy (66%), whereas three with surgery in combination with antibiotics (33%). An endocarditis was associated in three cases, and a pacemaker infection in one. All patients received targeted antibiotic therapy resulting in a quick improvement of clinical symptoms with favorable outcome. Our case is the only with a skip spontaneous SD, which needed a surgical decompression due to the associated neurological symptoms.ConclusionsThis incidence of SD sustained by Granulicatella adiances could be underestimated due to their particular microbiological conditions requested for their cultures. However, this infection should be suspected in cases of culture-negative SD, especially when associated with endocarditis.     

Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures

BackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality.MethodsA query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications.ResultsA total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality.ConclusionWe report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Retrospective study.     

Regulation of immune responses to Strongyloides venezuelensis challenge after primary infection with different larvae doses

Nematode infections are generally followed by high rates of reinfection, leading to elevated prevalence in endemic areas. Therefore, the effective control of nematode infections depends on understanding the induction and regulation of protective mechanisms. However, most experimental models for protective immune response against nematodes use high parasite exposure, not always reflecting what occurs naturally in human populations. In this study, we tested whether infecting mice with different Strongyloides venezuelensis larvae loads would affect protective responses against reinfection. Interestingly, we found that a previous infection with 10–500 larvae conferred high rate of protection against reinfection with S. venezuelensis in mice, by destroying large numbers of migrating larvae. However, low‐dose priming did not abolish adult worm maturation, as detected in high‐dose primed group. Results also indicated that a previous low‐dose infection delayed the development of cellular infiltrate, while a high inoculum rapidly induced these inflammatory features. Cytokine production by splenocyte cultures of challenge infected mice demonstrated that low‐dose priming had increased production of IL‐4 and IFN‐γ, while high‐dose induced IL‐4 production but not IFN‐γ. Our data support the hypothesis that low‐dose nematode infection does not induce a polarized type‐2 immune response, allowing adult worm survival.     

卒中单元护理对脑卒中患者下呼吸道感染的影响

目的探讨卒中单元管理模式对脑卒中患者下呼吸道感染及脑卒中预后的影响。方法将2009年1月～2009年11月入住卒中单元的脑卒中患者作为干预组,将2008年入住普通病房的脑卒中患者作为对照组,比较两组脑卒中患者下呼吸道感染发生率、平均住院日、抗感染治疗相关费用。结果对照组脑卒中患者下呼吸道感染率为13.30%,干预组下呼吸道感染率为7.76%。干预组平均住院日明显少于对照组（P=0.048）,干预组平均感染天数明显少于对照组（P=0.016）,干预组平均感染相关费用明显少于对照组（P=0.030）。结论通过卒中单元管理模式,可有效地降低下呼吸道感染率,减少平均住院日,降低住院费用。