“医学文献检索与利用”课程教材基础理论研究与展望

分析我国1959-2018年出版的“医学文献检索与利用”课程教材,发现教材的基础理论部分主要为检索工具使用法、文献学理论和情报学理论3种理论模式并存。从目前情况看,该课程教材在基础理论方面尚未完全做到与时俱进,难以适应信息技术的发展。提出“医学文献检索与利用”课程基础理论要紧贴医学文献检索与利用的目标和社会需要,突破以文献为基础的学科固有模式,深入到信息、知识、智能与智慧的内容与过程之中,构建与医学教育发展相适应的教材新体系。     

信息化环境下聋人书面语的“学得”与“习得”

书面语是聋人与外界交流的主要工具,培养聋人理解、运用和积累书面语是聋校教学的重中之重。本文在分析信息化环境下聋人书面语学习需求的基础上,提出开展阶梯化信息技术与书面语学习整合训练和创设“模仿-类推-创造”多媒体语境的“学得”对策,以及利用主题学习网站和新媒体、新技术、新应用“习得”书面语的对策。     

Do couples who procreate through sperm donation inform their children?

Objectives

An amendment to the French bioethics law allowing children conceived by gamete donation to know the identity of donors is proposed, while no study can assess the proportion of parents in France that disclose the nature of conception to their donor conceived offspring. The aim of our study was to know whether couples who wish to inform their offspring actually did it.

Patients and methods

We sent a questionnaire to parents who had expressed an intention to disclose the nature of conception to their future offspring conceived by sperm donation. This allowed us to evaluate the number of couples who inform their offspring, and the couple and offspring feelings when information was given.

Results

Among 38 questionnaires sent, 20 couples answered. Fourteen informed their offspring about the nature of conception, most having lived serenely this moment. 47% of offspring have reacted with indifference. While 19 couples informed their friends or family, six couples did not inform their offspring, and two of them no longer want to disclose anymore.

Conclusion

Careful thought before the beginning of assisted reproductive technology and support after birth are needed to help couples communicate information to their offspring. Without this communication, any policy of openness to know donor related data seems vain.     

医学信息采集的策略与方法

绍了医学信息采集的意义、信息源的选取原则及常用的采集策略、医学电子信息源的采集方法、常规医学知识获取的实践技术和医学信息采集的整体流程。     

基于开放信息环境的高校图书馆发展策略

简述了开放信息环境的内涵,并从数字信息主流化、信息获取开放化、信息开放交流平台普及化3个方面分析了开放信息 环境的特征,指出了开放信息环境对高校图书馆信息资源中心地位、信息服务功能、学术中心地位等方面的挑战,并针对这些挑战,提出了未来高校图书馆发展的应对措施。     

Regularising limited view tomography using anatomical reference images and information theoretic similarity metrics

This paper is concerned with limited view tomography. Inspired by the application of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), which is but one of an increasing number of applications of limited view tomography, we concentrate primarily on cases where the angular range is restricted to a narrow wedge of approximately ±30°, and the number of views is restricted to 10-30. The main challenge posed by these conditions is undersampling, also known as the null space problem. As a consequence of the Fourier Slice Theorem, a limited angular range leaves large swathes of the object’s Fourier space unsampled, leaving a large space of possible solutions, reconstructed volumes, for a given set of inputs. We explore the feasibility of using same- or different-modality images as anatomical priors to constrain the null space, hence the solution. To allow for different-modality priors, we choose information theoretic measures to quantify the similarity between reconstructions and their priors. We demonstrate the limitations of two popular choices, namely mutual information and joint entropy, and propose robust alternatives that overcome their limitations. One of these alternatives is essentially a joint mixture model of the image and its prior. Promising mitigation of the data insufficiency problem is demonstrated using 2D synthetic as well as clinical phantoms. This work initially assumes a priori registered priors, and is then extended to allow for the registration to be performed simultaneously with the reconstruction.     

临床护士信息素质现状调查分析及对策

目的:调查分析临床护士信息素质现状,探讨临床护士信息素质培训方法。方法:选择济南市三家三级甲等医院护士1700名,采用自行设计调查问卷,现场调查,结果进行统计学处理。结果:临床护士对护理专业网络信息的利用率较低,信息活动少,阅读多种护理专业期刊的人数较少,上网或用光盘进行文献检索能力和阅读英文文献能力有限。临床护士多数具备使用计算机和网络操作的能力。结论:需要强化临床护士信息素质教育,提高临床护士的信息利用能力。     

家长对过敏性疾病的认知状况和信息需求调查

目的：家长对过敏性疾病的认知状况及其对儿童过敏性疾病发展和转归的影响不容忽视。该研究旨在了解儿童家长对过敏性疾病的认知状况和信息需求,使医护人员有针对性地进行过敏性疾病的预防宣教工作。方法：采用自行设计的问卷,对儿童保健科门诊随机抽取的357名儿童家长进行横断面调查。对调查结果进行描述性统计分析,独立样本t检验分析及logistic回归模型分析。结果：收回有效问卷350份,有效应答率为98.0%。56.0%家长不知哮喘属于过敏性疾病,72.0%不知过敏性疾病可以表现为腹泻。70.9%家长认为引起儿童食物过敏的最常见的食物是海产品,37.4%家长认为如果孩子筛查出对某种食物过敏,则应终生避免该种食物。97.7%家长所需求的信息数超过3个,53%家长最想了解过敏性疾病的临床表现;家长受教育程度、本人或一级亲属有无过敏史分别对临床表现、预防措施的需求不同,OR分别为2.042和8.045,均P<0.05。家长需要通过可靠而广泛的途径如专题讲座、发放宣传资料来获得有关过敏性疾病的信息。结论：①家长对过敏性疾病的认识片面,对某些问题的认识有误区; ②家长对过敏性疾病诸多信息有迫切的需求; ③儿科医务工作者应多渠道为家长提供过敏性疾病的相关知识。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（9）：725-728］     

70家三级甲等医院网站护理信息呈现现状及分析

目的 探索国内三级甲等医院网站上护理信息呈现的现状,为网站上护理信息呈现的发展和完善提供借鉴.方法 采用非随机判断抽样法,有目的 地选取国内70家三级甲等医院网站进行调查.用百度和Google等著名搜索引擎对样本医院网站进行搜索,在广泛浏览医院网站内容的基础上,对其中的护理信息进行一一记录,归类.结果 在被调查的医院网站中,只有41家(58.6%)医院网站上有护理相关信息,且更新慢,浏览次数低.医院网站上呈现的护理信息内容不丰富,除了护理简介和护理动态信息外,其余呈现率都在25.0%以下.结论 三级甲等医院网站上护理信息呈现不足,且内容不丰富.护理管理者应引起高度重视,促进医院网站上护理信息呈现的发展和逐步完善.