度量关联规则在医院消毒供应质量追踪管理中的研究

目的:探讨基于度量关联规则的质量追踪模式在医院消毒供应管理中的应用价值.方法:采用基于度量关联规则的质量追踪模式进行医院消毒供应质量追踪管理.选取医院消毒供应中心的600件无菌器械,按照管理模式的不同将其分为观察组和对照组,每组300件;同期另选使用该无菌器械的200例患者,每组100例.观察组采用质量追踪式管理,对照...     

The Foegen effect: A mechanism by which facemasks contribute to the COVID-19 case fatality rate

Extensive evidence in the literature supports the mandatory use of facemasks to reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the effect of mask use on the disease course remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether mandatory mask use influenced the case fatality rate in Kansas, USA between August 1st and October 15th 2020.This study applied secondary data on case updates, mask mandates, and demographic status related to Kansas State, USA. A parallelization analysis based on county-level data was conducted on these data. Results were controlled by performing multiple sensitivity analyses and a negative control.A parallelization analysis based on county-level data showed that in Kansas, counties with mask mandate had significantly higher case fatality rates than counties without mask mandate, with a risk ratio of 1.85 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.51–2.10) for COVID-19-related deaths. Even after adjusting for the number of “protected persons,” that is, the number of persons who were not infected in the mask-mandated group compared to the no-mask group, the risk ratio remained significantly high at 1.52 (95% CI: 1.24–1.72). By analyzing the excess mortality in Kansas, this study determines that over 95% of this effect can solely be attributed to COVID-19.These findings suggest that mask use might pose a yet unknown threat to the user instead of protecting them, making mask mandates a debatable epidemiologic intervention.The cause of this trend is explained herein using the “Foegen effect” theory; that is, deep re-inhalation of hypercondensed droplets or pure virions caught in facemasks as droplets can worsen prognosis and might be linked to long-term effects of COVID-19 infection. While the “Foegen effect” is proven in vivo in an animal model, further research is needed to fully understand it.     

两种上颌窦底提升术的短期临床效果研究

目的 研究上颌后牙区剩余牙槽骨高度为3～<4 mm时,行经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升或侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入的短期临床效果。方法 选择2016年1月至2018年12月于西安交通大学口腔医院种植科行经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升和侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入的患者45例（50侧上颌窦,上颌后牙区剩余牙槽骨高度为3～<4 mm）,于术前、术后当日或术后第2天及术后6～9个月的愈合期后行影像学检查,比较两种术式的上颌窦底新骨形成高度、上颌窦底黏膜穿孔率及种植体早期成功率。结果 采用经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升或侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入的分别有19例和26例（上颌窦分别为21、29侧）患者;上颌窦底黏膜穿孔率分别为4.76%和0,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。经过6～9个月的愈合期,两种术式上颌窦底新骨形成高度分别为（5.18±0.48）mm和（7.32±0.84）mm,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;两种术式种植体早期成功率分别为95.83%和100%,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论 当上颌后牙区剩余牙槽骨高度为3～<4 mm时...     

老年心功能减退患者腹腔镜手术的临床观察

目的:探讨老年心功能减退患者行腹腔镜手术的优势、安全性,以及围手术期的风险评估与处理。方法:回顾分析我院行腹腔镜手术的老年心功能减退66例患者的临床资料。结果:全部患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹及死亡病例。术后平均12h下床活动,住院时间5～7d。结论:腹腔镜手术对老年心功能减退患者较传统手术更具优势,是相对安全的。     

不同心率水平下双源CT冠状动脉成像质量研究

目的:研究不同心率状态下双源CT的冠状动脉成像质量情况及收缩期和舒张期成像质量的差异。方法:345例受试者,男248例,女97例,年龄24~86岁,心率49~133次/分,平均心率74.2±14.4次/分(均未给予药物控制心率),行双源CT冠状动脉CTA扫描,在后处理工作站进行三维重组后,由两名有经验的放射医师对所有受检对象的冠状动脉成像质量进行分段评分(1分~5分)。按受检时心率分为5组,分别统计各组冠状动脉各段的成像质量评分,收缩期和舒张期最佳时相的成像质量评分,以及最佳时相在R-R间期的分布情况。结果:成像成功率为99.9%(3392/3395)。图像质量评分总均值为(4.76±0.57),评分均值与心率呈负相关(r=-0.973,P=0.005)。当心率增高时,收缩期的成像质量和舒张期的成像质量均有下降的趋势,但收缩期下降幅度与舒张期比较明显较缓。当心率<80次/分时,最佳时相多数在舒张期得到,占79.6%(183/230),特别集中于R-R间期的70%左右,占68.3%(157/230),有88.7%(306/345)的受检对象在收缩期和舒张期两期都能得到优良(4分以上)的图像;当心率≥80次/分时,最佳时相多数在收缩期得到,占83.5%(96/115),仅有10.4%(12/345)的受检对象在收缩期和舒张期两期都能得到优良的图像。结论:在排除了心律不齐影响因素的情况下,双源CT在患者处于自然心率状态下其冠状动脉成像成功率接近100%;但心率对冠状动脉成像质量仍有一定影响;当心率<80次/分时大多数可以在收缩期和舒张期双期成像,而心率≥80次/分时一般只能在收缩期成像。     

雌、孕激素受体与子宫内膜癌预后

目的总结子宫内膜癌患者病理分化、临床分期和浸润程度及受体状态与生存率的关系。方法对子宫内膜癌手术患者石蜡标本应用免疫组化LSAB法测定雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)。结果5年生存率随肿瘤分化程度低、肌层浸润深和临床分期晚而下降,ER和PR阳性率也呈下降趋势。受体阳性者5年生存率为86.5%。结论受体阳性可与组织分化、临床分期及肌层浸润一起作为观察预后指标。     

Symptom panorama in upper secondary school students and symptoms related to iron deficiency Screening with laboratory tests,questionnaire and interventional treatment with iron

Objective - To study the trend in premature mortality (before 75 years of age) from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in a Swedish primary health care district compared to communities of similar demographic situation and all Sweden. Design - Mortality from IHD in men and women was compared between the community of Habo and other Swedish communities of similar size and all Sweden for the period 1984-96. Setting - The community of Habo in Sweden with about 9600 inhabitants. Intervention - Intensified efforts by the local primary health care organisation, in co-operation with the community, in respect of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention since the beginning of the 1980s. Results - Mortality from IHD has decreased significantly both in Habo and in Sweden during these years. The decrease has been more prominent in Habo than in Sweden as a whole and other Swedish communities of similar demographic situation. Conclusion - With increased and purposeful efforts in primary and secondary prevention, in co-operation between the community and primary health care, it is possible to substantially decrease mortality from IHD in the community.     

血浆BNP测定对老年人心衰诊断价值及预后评估

目的测定心衰患者的血浆BNP水平,探讨血浆BNP对老年人心衰的诊断价值及心功能的评估。方法选择本院住院心力衰竭的老年患者77例,健康对照老年组46例,分别测定血浆BNP浓度,比较不同患者的血浆BNP水平。结果心衰组血浆BNP水平[(662.31±326.18)ng/L]显著高于对照组[(51.26±19.16)ng/L](P0.01);且随着心衰程度的加重,心力衰竭患者的血浆BNP水平逐渐增高。结论血浆BNP测定对心力衰竭的诊断和心功能的分级及预后判断都有重要的临床价值。     

联合脾动脉干及脾切除在进展期胃底贲门癌根治术中的意义

目的探讨进展期胃底贲门癌D2根治术联合脾动脉干及脾切除术对患者预后的影响。方法回顾分析2000～2006年106例进展期胃底贲门癌No10、Noll组淋巴结转移情况,以及对比采用D2根治术与D2根治术联合脾动脉干及脾切除术后的随诊情况。结果本组病例均为进展期胃底贲门癌,D2根治术组58例,其中中分化腺癌14例,低分化腺癌32例,黏液腺癌12例。Pr222例,PT335例,PT43例,术后5年生存率24．1％（14／58）;D2根治术联合脾动脉干及脾切除术组48例,其中中分化腺癌10例,低分化腺癌29例,黏液腺癌8例,鳞癌1例,PT218例,P丁326例,PT44例,Nol0转移8例（16．7％）,Noll转移9例,术后5年生存率39．6％（19／48）。结论进展期胃底贲门癌在D2根治术基础上联合脾动脉干及脾切除可椹高患者术后毕存摩．     

Salivary flow and its relationship to oral signs and symptoms in patients with dry eyes

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate oral symptoms and clinical parameters in dry eye patients. Subjective reports of the sensation of a dry mouth, salivary flow rates, and clinical parameters of oral disease related to three different types of dry eye patients were examined. Subjects and methods: There were 224 individuals, including dry eye patients and control subjects. The dry eye patients were classified into three types: patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS‐DE), patients without SS‐DE (non‐SS‐DE), and patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS‐DE). Salivary flow rates were measured using two kinds of sialometry. Subjective and objective oral symptoms and signs were also examined. Results and conclusion: Over half of the dry eye patients complained of a dry mouth. The flow rates of their stimulated whole saliva and parotid saliva were significantly lower than those of the control groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The sensation of a dry mouth and changes in oral soft tissues, dental caries, and oral Candida frequently occurred in dry eye patients.