Synthesis of (±) 3‐(6‐nitro‐2‐quinolinyl)‐[9‐methyl‐11C]‐3,9‐diazabicyclo‐[4.2.1]‐nonane ([11C‐methyl]NS 4194)

(±) 3‐(6‐Nitro‐2‐quinolinyl)‐[9‐methyl‐¹¹C]‐3,9‐diazabicyclo‐[4.2.1]‐nonane ([¹¹C‐methyl]NS 4194), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was synthesised within 35 min after end of bombardment with a radiochemical purity >98%. It had a decay‐corrected radiochemical yield of 7% after preparative HPLC, and a specific radioactivity around 37 GBq/μmol (EOS). A typical production starting with 40 GBq [¹¹C]CO₂ yielded 800 MBq of radiolabelled [¹¹C‐methyl]NS 4194 in a formulated solution. The synthesis of the precursor to [¹¹C‐methyl]NS 4194, (±) 9‐H‐3‐[6‐nitro‐(2‐quinolinyl)]‐3,9‐diazabicyclo‐[4.2.1]‐nonane, as well as the unlabelled analogue (±) 9‐methyl 3‐[6‐nitro‐(2‐quinolinyl)]‐3,9‐diazabicyclo‐[4.2.1]‐nonane (NS 4194), are also described. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A convenient synthesis of [11C]paraquat and other [N‐methyl‐11C]bisquaternary ammonium compounds

[¹¹C]Paraquat was synthesized by the reaction of [¹¹C]methyl triflate with the mono‐triflate salt of 1‐methyl‐[4,4′]bipyridinyl. The product was selectively separated from the precursor by a microcolumn of Chelex 100 ion exchange resin. The method was applied to the synthesis of a variety of [N‐methyl‐¹¹C]bisquaternary ammonium compounds. This is the first reported use of a chelating cation exchange resin for the selective purification of organic dications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Positron emission tomography for the early postsurgical evaluation of pediatric brain tumors

Object The object was to study the value of postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) to assess the extension of brain tumor resection.Methods Twenty children operated on for total resection of a glial tumor (18 low-grade, 2 anaplastic) presented a signal on postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images raising the question of a possible tumor residue. PET was performed early (¹⁸F-Fluoro-deoxyglucose in 1, ¹¹C-methionine in 16, both in 3) to further characterize the nature of the abnormal MR signal in order to consider second-look surgery. An increased tracer uptake found in 14 children led to reoperation on 11 of them, confirming the tumor histologically. No ¹¹C-methionine uptake led to a conservative attitude in 6 children in whom MR imaging follow-up showed no tumor progression.Conclusions The early postoperative PET, especially with ¹¹C-methionine, appears to be a valid basis for complementary therapeutic decisions, especially second-look surgery, in glial tumors for which a radical resection is a key factor for prognosis.     

11-酮基-△9-炔诺酮的合成

We have introduced a carbonyl group at the 11-position and a double bond at the 9-position of norethisterone in order to increase its antifertility potency. The starting material for the preparation of 11-keto-Δ⁹-noret-histerone(9) was 19-hydroxy-Δ⁴-androstene-3,17-dione(1), which was converted to the title compound by partial synthesis through the sequence of reactions:(1)→(9).11-Keto-Δ⁹-norethisterone was found to possess very potent antifertility effect by preliminary screening tests.     

Increased basal ganglia volumes in velo-cardio-facial syndrome (deletion 22q11.2).

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated differences in caudate volumes in subjects with velo-cardio-facial syndrome due to a 22q11.2 (22qDS) deletion. Because psychosis is observed in 30% of adult subjects with 22qDS, this neurogenetic disorder could represent a putative model for a genetically mediated subtype of schizophrenia.METHODS: Caudate volumes were measured on high-resolution magnetic resonance images in 30 children and adolescents with 22qDS and 30 gender- and age-matched normal comparison subjects.RESULTS: Caudate head volumes were increased in the 22qDS group independent of neuroleptic medications. Subjects with 22qDS also displayed an abnormal pattern of asymmetry in the anterior caudate, with left side greater than right.CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in the basal ganglia circuitry have been implicated in learning, cognitive, and behavioral problems in children and therefore could be involved in the expression of the neurobehavioral phenotype expressed by subjects with 22qDS. Abnormal caudate volume is a neurodevelopmental feature shared with schizophrenia, further establishing 22qDS as a potential neurodevelopmental model for this disorder.     

11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸对缺血前和再灌注前大鼠心肌钙调节蛋白的影响

目的观察11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸(11,12-EET)预处理与后处理对缺血/再灌注(IR)大鼠心肌钙调节蛋白的影响,探讨11,12-EET心肌保护的作用及其机制。方法采用Langendorff离体灌流装置,通过停灌40min/复灌30min复制大鼠心肌IR损伤模型。将33只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组、IR组、EET预处理组(Pre-EET)及EET后处理组(Post-EET)。采用BL-420生物信号采集系统监测心功能,比色法检测肌浆网Ca2 -ATPase变化,半定量RT-PCR方法检测钙泵(SERCA)、磷酸受纳蛋白(PLB)、兰尼碱受体2型(RyR2)及1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体2型(IP3R2)表达变化。结果Pre-EET及Post-EET组与IR组相比,心功能改善、Ca2 -ATPase活性增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);IP3R2表达增强,PLB表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);Pre-EET组SERCA表达增强(P<0.05)。Pre-EET与Post-EET组间差异无显著性;各组RyR2表达差异无显著性。结论11,12-EET预处理与后处理具有拮抗IR损伤的作用,这与其诱导肌浆网IP3R2表达上调,PLB表达下调以及改善Ca2 -ATPase的活性有关;同时,预处理肌浆网SERCA表达上调,也可能是其抗IR损伤机制之一。     

Analysis of the variability of CMV strains in the RL11D domain of the RL11 multigene family

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) contains one of the largest genomes within the herpesvirus family and includes 12 multigene families. One of these is the RL11 family, whose members encode a characteristic domain, called RL11D. In the present study, the sequence variability of RL11D within the UL1, UL4, UL6, UL7, and UL10 genes of the RL11 family was investigated. For this purpose, these genes were analyzed in 70 clinical isolates obtained from urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood of different patients. Substantial genetic variability among the clinical isolates was observed in all five genes analyzed. Based on phylogenetic analysis of variations in RL11D, the clinical isolates could be classified into three genotypes for UL1, 7, and 10 and, four genotypes for UL4 and 6. Further analysis showed statistically significant linkages between the following pairs of genes: UL6/UL7, UL4/UL7, UL1/UL4, and UL4/UL6. The data show that CMV strains exhibit a high interstrain variability in the RL11D domain of various RL11 family genes. Sequence variations, however, can be clearly grouped into a limited number of distinct genotypes. The genetic linkages found probably reflect a low frequency of recombination between genes that are arranged in close proximity on the viral genome.     

Prenatal diagnosis of mosaicism for 11q terminal deletion

The phenotype of 11q terminal deletion also known as Jacobsen syndrome is a clinically well known entity whose diagnosis in infancy and childhood is based on clinical examination, hematological and cytogenetic findings. Hematological features in Jacobsen syndrome are very similar to those reported in Paris–Trousseau syndrome (PTS) which is also associated with11q terminal deletion. Karyotype analysis shows a variable terminal deletion from 11q23 sub-band extending to the telomere. Most often in patients with Jacobsen syndrome, this chromosomal deletion is present in all metaphases. We report on the identification of a distal 11q deletion in mosaic (20% of deleted cells) in a fetus ascertained after amniocentesis for maternal serum screening test indicative for Down syndrome. The present case is the third prenatal diagnosis of a mosaic for a distal 11q deletion with the lowest mosaicism rate. The 2D-ultrasound examination and cord blood hematological studies were useful to estimate the prognosis at term, considering the contribution of the mosaicism rate to the phenotypic variability in Jacobsen syndrome. The identification of mosaicism for distal 11q deletion is a very rare event in prenatal diagnosis. This case illustrates the complexity in genetic counselling for prenatally ascertained partial monosomy 11qter in mosaic.