妊娠糖尿病对母婴的影响

进一步研究糖尿病对母婴的影响及早期防治IDMs并发症,降低病死率,减少后遗症已越来越受到重视。     

1例妊娠期糖尿病患者预后的临床证据

目的从循证医学角度探讨1例妊娠期糖尿病患者的预后。方法计算机检索ACPJournalClub(1991～2006年10月)、Cochrane图书馆(2006年第4期)、MEDLINE(1990～2006年10月)和中国生物医学文献数据库,查找妊娠期糖尿病预后的队列研究、病例-对照研究和病例系列研究等,并对所获证据的质量进行评价。结果临床证据表明,妊娠期糖尿病患者结束妊娠后6周至28年,2型糖尿病的发病率为2.6%～70%,发生自发性早产的几率为6.7%,患高血压和代谢综合征的比例增加,有感染阴道念珠菌的危险。结论患妊娠期糖尿病的妇女较未患糖尿病的孕妇结束妊娠后糖尿病的患病率增加,自发性早产、高血压、代谢综合征及阴道感染等并发症发病率增加。但其长期终点事件发生率有待进一步研究。     

妊娠期糖尿病早期诊断治疗对母儿影响的分析

目的:研究妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)早期诊断、早期治疗对有效控制血糖,减少孕妇及围生儿并发症的积极作用。方法:回顾性分析2003年1月至2004年8月期间门诊接诊GDM患者经系统治疗,并在本院分娩49例病例,与未经任何治疗GDM患者,并在本院分娩60例病例,按治疗与否分成治疗组(A组,49例)与对照组(B组,60例),观察母儿并发症及分娩方式及新生儿窒息情况。结果:治疗组中病理妊娠、手术产率、围生儿并发症的发生率,均比对照组明显减低,两组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:GDM要早诊断,早治疗,对降低孕妇并发症以及围生儿发病率有积极意义。     

糖化血红蛋白在妊娠期糖尿病筛查中的应用

目的:探讨糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)在妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)筛查中的应用价值.方法:2008年1月～2011年12月,在我科门诊就诊的孕妇236例,其中符合GDM诊断标准的21例为GDM组,其余215例为非GDM组.分别对2组进行空腹血糖(FBG)、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)及HbA1C进行检测.比较3种检测方法的检测结果,并对检测结果进行评价.结果:GDM组FBG、OGTT及HbA1C均明显高于非GDM组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在3种诊断方法中,HbA1C的灵敏度、特异性和阳性预测值最高,分别为90.9％、80.0％、83.3％,提示HbA1C在诊断GDM的3种检查中效果最好.结论:HbA1C水平在GDM患者中明显升高,诊断GDM具有较高的阳性率,早期干预治疗可减少母婴发病率及死亡率.HbA1C为糖尿病的血糖水平监测提供了新的方法,是临床上筛查、诊断、监测妊娠期糖尿病的简单、可靠的方法.     

Is GDF-15 level associated with gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse perinatal outcomes?

ObjectiveGrowth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), the new member of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family, is released as a response of oxidative stress, inflammation and tissue injury. We aimed to determine GDF-15 levels in patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and the relation between GDF-15 and adverse perinatal outcomes.Materials and methods:Forty pregnant women with GDM (receiving diet and insulin therapy) and forty healthy pregnant women as control group participated in this current study. GDF- 15 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assess kit.ResultsThe median serum GDF-15 level was measured higher in patients with GDM, and it was statistically meaningful (p: 0.000). Logistic regression analysis indicated that with the increase of GDF-15 level, the risk of GDM diseases increases as well. (P: 0.001, OR = 1.009; 95% CI = 1.003–1.014). There were no differences between GDF-15 levels and perinatal outcomes.ConclusionWe concluded that higher GDF-15 levels are related to GDM in the third trimester. The optimal GDF-15 cut-off value was measured as 326 pg/ml for the diagnosis of GDM with 70% sensitivity and 60% specificity in our study. Further studies are needed to show the significance of GDF-15 as a biomarker for the disease.     

ICP合并GDM对母儿结局的影响

目的：探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）合并妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）对母儿结局的影响。方法：分析15例ICP合并GDM孕妇和50例单纯ICP孕妇的临床资料。结果：ICP合并GDM组新生儿窒息率、羊水污染率、小于胎龄儿发生率均显著高于ICP组（P〈0.05）。ICP合并GDM组新生儿出生体重较单纯ICP患者轻,分娩孕周较单纯ICP患者小（P〈0.05）。结论：ICP合并GDM对围产儿的影响较大,应加强产前和产时母儿监护,合理评估病情,必要时促进胎肺成熟,适时终止妊娠,以改善围生儿不良结局。     

Relationship between the paraoxonase 1 gene glutamine 192 to arginine polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus in Saudi women

Objectives

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is recognized as an imbalance between insulin resistance and insulin secretion, leading to maternal hyperglycemia. Previous studies in a Saudi population indicated a high frequency of Paraoxonase 1 glutamine 192 to arginine (PON1 Q192R) polymorphism, suggesting this polymorphism as an additional risk factor. The present study was designed to explore the possible association between the PON1 Q192R polymorphism and GDM in a Saudi population.

Methods

This case–control study was carried out in 500 pregnant women, including 200 GDM cases and 300 non-GDM women. Genotyping for PON1 Q192R (rs662) variants was performed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP).

Results

The results of the present study indicates that Q192R polymorphism was significantly associated with GDM in a Saudi population with the minor allele frequency (MAF) (p = 0.0007). Q192R genotypes and alleles showed a strong association with GDM (p = 0.009 and p = 0.0007, respectively).

Conclusion

In conclusion, these findings suggest that the PON1 Q192R polymorphism has high MAF in GDM in the studied Saudi population.     

Composition of Maternal Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Associations with Placental Metabolism

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced by gut microbiota from dietary fiber, have become candidates for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment. However, the associations of circulating SCFAs with maternal–neonatal clinical parameters in GDM and further influences on placental immune–metabolic responses are unclear. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were decreased in GDM during the second and third trimesters, especially in those with abnormal glucose tolerance at three “oral glucose tolerance test” time points. Butyrate was closely associated with acetate and propionate in correlation and dynamic trajectory analysis. Moreover, butyrate was negatively correlated with white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain per week before GDM diagnosis, and ponderal index but positively correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in all pregnancies. On the premise of reduced SCFA contents in GDM, the placental G-protein-coupled receptors 41 and 43 (GPR41/43) were decreased, and histone deacetylases (HDACs) were increased, accompanied by enhanced inflammatory responses. The metabolic status was disturbed, as evidenced by activated glycolysis in GDM. Maternal circulating acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels were associated with demographic factors in normal and GDM women. They influenced placental function and fetal development at birth through GPRs or HDACs, providing more evidence of their therapeutic capacity for GDM pregnancies.     

妊娠期糖尿病对孕妇妊娠结局和新生儿的影响

目的 研究妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)对孕妇和新生儿妊娠结局的影响.方法 收集2011年1月至2011年7月在我院住院待产的GDM者225例,并选取同期住院待产的血糖正常妇女200例为对照组,随访2组的妊娠结局.结果 GDM组剖宫产率(50.2％)、妊娠期高血压发生率(2.8％)、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积(3.1％)、早产(5.8％)、新生儿低血糖的发生率(4.0％)均高于对照组(26.0％、0、0、1.5％及0).结论 妊娠期糖尿病会引起不良的妊娠结局,应该加强筛查、诊断和治疗.