BHA通过ERK信号转导途径促进小鼠胎肝细胞神经组织细胞特异基因表达的研究

目的：了解丁羟回香醚（BHA）对小鼠胎肝（FL）细胞神经组织特异基因表达的影响及其信号途径。 方法： 采用MACS试剂盒分离小鼠胚胎肝Sca-1+细胞，以DMEM+10%胎牛血清培养液培养；第4 d后，加入或者不加入细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶特异抑制剂PD98059 (25 μmol/L)处理24 h，再加入BHA处理24 h（0.2 mmol/L）。然后在无血清培养基中培养5 d。用Western blotting和半定量RT-PCR方法分析BHA处理前后基因表达。 结果： 经BHA诱导处理后，细胞表达神经组织细胞特异蛋白显著增加如神经丝轻链（NF-L）、神经丝重链（NF-H）、脑因子1（BF-1）和酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）。NF-L、NF-H、BF-1和TH分别增加6.32倍、2.73倍、3.37倍、2.68倍。而PD98059能明显抑制BHA诱导的神经组织细胞特异蛋白NF-L、NF-H、BF-1和TH的表达。 结论： BHA通过细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶途径促进小鼠FL Sca-1+细胞表达神经组织细胞特异抗原、结构和功能基因。     

Identification of a voltage- and calcium-dependent non-selective cation channel in cultured adult and fetal human nasal epithelial cells

The apical membranes of cultured human nasal epithelial cells from adults and fetuses were investigated with the patch-clamp technique. Amiloride-insensitive, calcium- and voltage-dependent, non-selective cation channels were found in 4% of the cell-attached, and 18% of the inside-out and outside-out patches (n=412). Multiple functional channels were present in more than 90% of these patches, with a mean of 3.9 channels per patch (n=55). The current-voltage relationship can be described by the Goldman equations and the single channel conductance was 20.1±0.3 pS (n=29) in adult and 20.7±0.4 pS (n=44) in fetal cells in symmetrical 150mM NaCl solutions. The channels were highly selective for cations: P_Na/P_Cl was 30 in adult and 45 in fetal experiments. They were equally permeable for K⁺ and Na⁺, somewhat less for Cs⁺, and impermeable for choline⁺ and tetraethylammonium⁺. The open probability was voltage dependent: it increased approximately 2-fold with 30mV depolarization in the potential range from −60mV to +60mV. The channels were activated by Ca²⁺ concentrations of about 10⁻⁴M at the cytoplasmic side, but were insensitive to extracellular Ca²⁺ and amiloride (10⁻⁴M). The non-selective cation channels found in apical membranes of cultured fetal nasal epithelial cells were not different from the adult ones.     

脐带穿刺术在胎儿先天性心脏病诊疗中的应用价值

目的探讨脐带穿刺在胎儿先天性心脏病诊疗中的应用价值。方法对34例行脐带穿刺的胎儿先天性心脏病例进行回顾性分析。结果34例均穿刺成功,未发生严重并发症。检出染色体异常6例,宫内巨细胞病毒感染1例。结论脐带穿刺术是一种安全有效改善妊娠结局的产前诊疗技术。     

鹿茸多肽对胎大鼠脑神经干细胞体外诱导分化的实验研究

目的　探讨鹿茸多肽对胎大鼠脑神经干细胞体外分化的影响。　方法　从E12～ 14d的Wistar大鼠脑中分离扩增获得大量神经干细胞后 ,加入不同浓度的鹿茸多肽 ,观察其对胚胎神经干细胞分化的影响 ,并通过免疫组织化学染色检测神经干细胞分化为神经元和星形胶质细胞的状况。　结果　 5 0 μg L组分化细胞总数与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;5 0 μg L、10 0 μg L、2 0 0 μg L组神经元特异烯醇化酶 (NSE)阳性率与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,并呈一定的剂量依赖性。　结论　鹿茸多肽在体外可明显促进神经干细胞向神经元分化 ,为鹿茸多肽应用于神经系统损伤性疾病的治疗提供了实验依据。     

Immunohistochemical study of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases in the lungs of human fetuses and newborn infants: Developmental profile and alterations in hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

To determine the late gestational development of copper-zinc (CnZn) and manganese (Mn) superoxide dismutases (SOD) in human lung, immunohistochemical localization was performed for each SOD. The lung samples were taken from five aborted fetuses, four fetuses in which intrauterine death occurred, one full-term neonate, two premature infants with hyaline membrane disease and one premature infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Morphometry was performed, and the percent area of positive staining was computed. The bronchial epithelium was intensely stained from the early stages of gestation (i.e. 17 weeks), while the staining intensity for both CuZnSOD and MnSOD in the peripheral airways increased gradually during lung development. The mean percent area of the staining for CuZnSOD and MnSOD from 16 to 38 weeks was increased 30-fold and 8-fold, respectively, and further increases were observed postnatally. CuZnSOD staining was markedly decreased in lungs with respiratory disorders. However, proliferating type II pneumocytes were intensely stained for MnSOD in the BPD lungs, making the staining area 3-fold larger than that in the control lungs. These results clearly depict age-related increases in staining for both CuZnSOD and MnSOD and an alteration in SOD distribution associated with neonatal respiratory disorders.     

Fibrillary inclusions in neoplastic and fetal acinar cells of the pancreas

We report a case of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma which contained a large number of pleomorphic inclusions with fibrillary internal structures and mature zymogen granules. To clarify the significance of fibrillary inclusions in the differentiation of acinar cells of the pancreas, we further investigated fetal pancreases (gestational weeks 16, 17, 19, 20 and 28). We found two types of inclusions: type A, corresponding to fibrillary inclusion of neoplastic acinar cells, was observed only in a 19-week fetus; type B showed a homogeneous density similar to that of zymogen granules. Type B was observed in all the fetuses after the 17th gestational week. Although the type A inclusion might be generated throught a different mechanism than the type B inclusion, the appearance of a large number of fibrillary inclusions in neoplastic acinar cells may represent a transient form of zymogen granule.     

光照对胎兔视觉器官发育影响的研究

近的来众多学者对振声等刺激范围的胎教研究已广泛开展，有些已在临床实际应用中取得了良好的成效。而光照机制的研究，特别是有关胎体在光照条件下视觉器官所发生的变化研究报道尚属罕见。本研究应用组织学技术对胎兔在光照强度不同的条件下视觉器官所发生改变的实验结果，进行了分析，并证实在一定的光照强度及限定时间内胎兔视神经、视网膜等组织发育状况良好。本研究结果为进一步开展恍照胎教的理论学研究及早日应用于临床提供了     

Morphometric study of the ductus arteriosus during human development

During prenatal life, the ductus arteriosus connects the left pulmonary artery and the descending aorta. Morphometric features (length, external diameter, volume) of the ductus arteriosus in 131 human fetuses (65 males, 66 females) were studied by means of anatomical, digital and statistical methods. Regression analysis was used to investigate the growth of the ductus arteriosus during gestation. The values of the length of the ductus arteriosus ranged from 3.95 mm for the 15 week gestational group to 12.20 mm for the 34th week of gestation. The length of the ductus arteriosus related to fetal age (x) increased according to the linear function y = -3.0726 + 0.4381x. The mean values of the diameter of the ductus arteriosus ranged from 1.34 to 3.49mm for the 15 and 34 week gestational groups, respectively. The growth of the ductus arteriosus diameter followed in accordance with the linear function y = 0.2072 + 0.0935x. The mean values of the ductus arteriosus volume ranged from 5.08 mm3 for the 15 week group to 117.30 mm3 of the 34 week gestation group. The volume growth increased according to the function y = 0.0007x3.3782. Positive correlation coefficients between arterial parameters and fetal age were statistically significant (P < or = 0.01) and reached the following values: r1 = 0.98 for Length, r2 = 0.90 for diameter and r3 = 0.94 for volume. Despite the increase in absolute diameter, the relative diameter of the ductus arteriosus (ductus arteriosus-to-aortic bulb diameter ratio) decreased from 0.80 to 0.48.     

Fetal RhD genotyping: A more efficient use of anti-D immunoglobulin

The most important application of blood group genotyping by molecular genetics is the prediction of fetal RhD phenotype in pregnant women with anti-D, in order to assess the risk of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. This diagnostic test performed on cell-free fetal DNA in the maternal plasma, is now a routine procedure in some countries. High-throughput modifications of this form of fetal D-typing would be valuable for testing fetuses of all D-negative pregnant women to avoid unnecessary antenatal treatment with anti-D immunoglobulin in the 40% of D-negative pregnant women with a D-negative fetus. The results of trials in Bristol and Amsterdam suggest that such routine testing is feasible and accurate.     

三维超声测胎儿股容积估计胎重的价值

目的通过对57例妊娠分别使用二维、三维超声测量相关参数估计胎重，并作统计学比较，从而评价三维超声对于估测胎儿体重、诊断胎儿发育迟缓及巨大胎的优势和价值。方法对2005年10月至2006年3月间在我院分娩的57例妊娠，研究组用三维超声测胎儿股容积估计胎重，对照组用二维超声同步测量相关参数估计胎重。结果对两组估重结果与胎儿实际出生体重作相关统计学分析，研究组相关系数为0．983，对照组为0．906（P〈0．05），前者与实际体重关系更密切。结论三维超声测量胎儿股容积估测胎儿体重，较传统二维超声具有更大优势，对于发现胎儿发育迟缓（FGR）及巨大胎意义重大，有利于指导临床冶疗、选择分娩方式。