Factor analysis of bowel symptoms in US and Italian populations

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Functional gastrointestinal disorders are diagnosed by the presence of a characteristic set of symptoms. Aims of this study were to validate the Rome symptom criteria by factor analysis and to determine whether symptoms cluster in the same way in different cultures. METHODS: One thousand forty-one gastroenterology clinic patients in the US (response rate 53%) and 228 family members accompanying clinic patients in Italy (84%) completed a previously validated symptom questionnaire. Factor analysis identified clusters of symptoms which are highly correlated with each other, and these were compared to the Rome diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: In the US, 13 factors were identified. The irritable bowel factor was composed of three core symptoms corresponding to the Rome II classification system. Two dyspepsia factors were identified which correspond to the ulcer- and motility-like subtypes proposed in the Rome I classification system. All symptoms of constipation formed a single cluster as proposed in the Rome II classification system. Symptom clusters in the US agreed well with symptom clusters identified in Italian subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Empirically derived symptom clusters agree in most respects with the Rome II classification system and support their validity. These symptom clusters are independent of cultural differences in diet and behaviour.     

E1 Tor霍乱弧菌SM_6和江苏1d菌株

ＳＭ６是我国检测Ｅ１Ｔｏｒ霍乱弧菌是否带有溶源性噬菌体的指示菌株。江苏的６株Ｅ１Ｔｏｒ霍乱弧菌和ＳＭ６都属于噬菌体－生物分型的１ｄ型，而在噬菌体分型中ＳＭ６为１／２型，江苏的６株菌株则为１／２／３型；霍乱毒素（ＣＴ）基因测定也表明两者的不同，ＳＭ６不含ＣＴ基因，江苏的６株都含有ＣＴ基因，显示噬菌体分型可将噬菌体－生物分型的型别进一步划分，ＳＭ６的特性也为霍乱的进一步研究提供了资料。     

脉动真空灭菌器内室气体流向监测报警装置的研制

本文针对XGI型脉动真空灭菌柜出现的蒸汽倒流故障设计出一种内室气体流向监测报警装置，对管道中的蒸汽流向和空气流向进行监测。当出现倒流现象时，报警装置发出报警信号，提醒工作人员采取措施排除故障。经在两台灭菌柜上使用，证明此方案是一种行之有效的方法。     

Expression of CD44V2 in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and in urine

CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. Variant forms of the receptor, produced by alternative splicing, have been found to be associated with tumor progression in a variety of cancers. Based on investigations at the RNA level, it has recently been proposed that expression of CD44 variant V2 was present in urothelial cancer but not in normal urothelium. Since a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer would be extremely useful, frozen sections of normal urothelium and urothelial cancer were examined for expression of standard CD44 and CD44V2. Frozen sections of specimens of 35 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 16 specimens of normal bladder and 5 ureters were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a polyclonal antibody to CD44V2 (PAB CD44V2), a monoclonal antibody to CD44V2 (MAB CD44V2) and a monoclonal antibody to CD44S (MAB CD44S). CD44V2 and CD44S were also measured in lysates of urine sediments from 21 patients by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). All investigated transitional cell carcinomas expressed CD44V2. There was no differentiation between invasive and noninvasive carcinoma. CD44V2 was also expressed in normal urothelium. Standard CD44 was expressed by the transitional cell carcinoma, normal urothelium, musculature and interstitial tissue. The amount of CD44V2 and CD44S in lysates of urine sediments is not correlated to diagnosis. In contrast to investigations at the RNA level, CD44V2 on the protein level seems not to be a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer. Therefore, CD44V2 will not be a useful diagnostic marker for detection of transitional cell carcinoma.     

The surfaces of the parasitic nematodes Trichinella spiralis and Toxocara canis differ in the binding of post-C3 components of human complement by the alternative pathway

The binding of human complement components C3, C5 and C9 to the surface of the infective larvae of the nematode parasites Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis, by the alternative pathway, was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on the intact parasites. This showed that although C3 bound to both nematodes, they differed markedly in the binding of C5 and C9; C5 bound only minimally to T. spiralis, and C9 binding to this parasite was barely detectable. In contrast, both early and late components bound to T. canis to a high density, comparable to, or in excess of, the binding of these components to the infective larvae of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. The lack of binding of the post-C3 components to T. spiralis did not correlate with enhanced binding of the control protein, Factor H.     

凋亡诱导因子在实验性脑卒中后高温状态下的表达

目的探讨caspase非依赖途径在卒中后高温的神经元损伤环节中是否发挥重要作用。方法应用SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,分别设立缺血后高温、缺血后正常温度和假手术组,每组8只。观察动物行为学评分、梗死体积和凋亡诱导因子(AIF)在海马的表达。利用PC12细胞培养缺氧及高温处理后,观察荧光双染AIF在细胞内的表达变化,及流式细胞仪技术检测细胞凋亡水平。结果缺血后高温组的行为学评分和梗死体积明显增加,AIF表达增高。PC12缺氧及高温培养后AIF从30min开始在胞核内表达,且随时间延长逐渐增多,细胞凋亡率随时间延长和温度增高而增加,且不被caspase广谱抑制剂所抑制。结论AIF在卒中后高温的过程中发生由胞浆到胞核的转移,caspase非依赖途径由此发挥重要作用。     

人胰岛素样生长因子-1在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

目的为了获得基因工程重组人胰岛素样生长因子1。方法采用Trizol试剂法，从人胎肝中提取，6-RNA，RT-PCR扩增得到人胰岛素样生长因子1基因，用EcoRⅠ和Hind Ⅲ双酶酶切后，将该基因片段插入表迭栽体pkk223—3，筛选得到了重组质粒pkk-hIGF1。结果加IPTG诱导该质粒转化的大肠杆菌JM109表达，hIGF1的表达水平约30mg／L。结论用肝素亲和层析的方法，获得了电泳纯基因工程重组人胰岛素样生长因子1样品。纯化样品的理化及生物活性分析与天然对照品完全一致。     

主成份分析与因子分析用于多指标综合评价

本文从应用角度阐明了主成份分析与因子分析用于多指标综合评价的异同点，并用实例加以说明。提出了主成份分析和因子分析用于多指标综合评价时，应在能明确主成份或因子的意义和方向情况下加权，否则会得到错误的结果。     

急性重症胆管炎的预后因素分析

目的分析急性重症胆管炎(ACST)的预后因素,探讨合理的治疗方案。方法对168例ACST病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用卡方(χ2)检验进行统计处理。结果影响ACST的预后因素有年龄、入院时休克与否、是否合并器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)、治疗方式及手术时机,而既往有无胆管炎发作史与预后无明显相关。结论针对影响预后的因素,及时采取手术干预,可提高治疗效果、降低病死率。