胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)与子宫内膜异位症关系的研究进展

本文对IGF家族的组成、结构、在多种肿瘤中的作用机制及其在内异症中的研究进展作一综述,旨在为内异症的诊治提供新的依据。其中研究较明确的是IGF-I和IGFBP-3。IGF-I促进甾体激素的生成、促进细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡,与多种肿瘤的发生有关。IGF-I促进异位子宫内膜生长,与内异症形成有关。IGFBP-3作用与IGF-I相反,可能是通过与IGF-I的结合而实现。     

T cell receptor (TCR) V gene segment use in HLA-typed Japanese healthy subjects

The expression of 13 different α and β V gene segments of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) was examined, using V gene-specific MoAbs, on human peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 32 healthy Japanese subjects. In addition, to examine associations between TCR V gene products and HLA alleles, the HLA class I and class II types of all subjects were serologically determined. The reactivities of the anti-TCR V-specific MoAbs were, with some significant exceptions, similar to those previously described in healthy Caucasian subjects. We found a non-random V gene usage as well as a statistically significant bias of the expression of eight Vβ gene products towards the CD4⁺ subpopulation, and a significant skewness in the usage of Vα12 towards the CD8⁺ population. Some subjects showed increased reactivities (above 10%) of certain MoAbs, mainly in the CD8⁺ subpopulation. We found no distinct correlation between any certain HLA class I or II allele and TCR V gene usage in the CD8⁺ or CD4⁺ subpopulations, respectively. In conclusion, the pattern of anti-TCR V-specific MoAb reactivities found in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy Japanese subjects was in general found to match that previously described in healthy Caucasian subjects.     

转基因内皮细胞的构建及其在复合血管上种植的初步研究

目的:为了解决小口径(直径7mm以下)人造血管术后通畅率低下的问题,利用生物-人工复合血管,结合分子生物学手段,将转入血管内皮生长因子(VEGF165)基因的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)种植于复合血管内腔面,为解决此临床难题提供新的思路和手段。材料方法:构建VEGF165真核表达质粒pCI-neo-VEGF165,获得正确的质粒用于转染HUVEC。从中科院购买HUVEC(代号:ECV-304),用脂质体介导法将pCI-neo-VEGF165转入细胞,经G418筛选后,计数阳性克隆,以比较脂质体和质粒在不同比例情况下转染效率的高低。实验组按质粒和脂质体比例的不同分为4组:1μg/3μl;2μg/6μl;2μg/8μl;3μg/12μl。ELISA检测瞬时转染后HUVEC培养上清中VEGF的表达。再将VEGF165基因瞬时转入HUVEC,利用自己设计的旋转培养装置,将细胞均匀地粘附、种植于复合血管内腔面。复合血管是人工材料(聚酯)和生物材料(成纤维细胞长入,胶原形成)有机结合而成,是将包有聚酯网的硅胶棒埋入绵羊背部皮下组织,3个月后取出,抽去硅胶棒而得到的。结果:脂质体转染效率以2μg/8μl组阳性克隆数最多;ELISA测定瞬时转染后HUVEC培养上清中VEGF的表达量为532·5±43·1pg/ml。使用旋转培养装置的细胞均匀地粘附于复合血管,未使用者细胞积聚于血管腔面下部;转入和未转入VEGF165基因的HUVEC在复合血管内腔面覆盖面积百分比分别为69·9%±3·5%、43·7%±2·5%,有明显改善。结论:转入VEGF后可促进HUVEC在复合血管上生长,旋转培养装置有利于细胞的均匀粘附。     

Upregulation of VEGF and FGF2 in normal rat brain after experimental intraoperative radiation therapy

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 in the irradiated brain was examined to test how a single high dose radiation, similar to that used for intraoperative radiation therapy given to the normal cerebrum, can affect the vascular endothelium. After a burr hole trephination in the rat skull, the cerebral hemisphere was exposed to a single 10 Gy dose of gamma rays, and the radiation effect was assessed at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after irradiation. Histological changes, such as reactive gliosis, inflammation, vascular proliferation and necrosis, were correlated with the duration after irradiation. Significant VEGF and FGF2 expression in the 2- and 8-week were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantification in the radiation group. Immunohistochemical study for VEGF was done and the number of positive cells gradually increased over time, compared with the sham operation group. In conclusion, the radiation injuries consisted of radiation necrosis associated with the expression of VEGF and FGF2. These findings indicate that VEGF and FGF2 may play a role in the radiation injuries after intraoperative single high-dose irradiation.     

Quantitation of aberrant interlocus T-cell receptor rearrangements in mouse thymocytes and the effect of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Small studies in human populations have suggested a correlation between the frequency of errors in antigen receptor gene assembly and lymphoid malignancy risk. In particular, agricultural workers exposed to pesticides have both an increased risk for lymphoma and an increased frequency of errors in antigen receptor gene assembly. In order to further investigate the potential of such errors to serve as a mechanistically based biomarker of lymphoid cancer risk, we have developed a sensitive PCR assay for quantifying errors of V(D)J recombination in the thymocytes of mice. This assay measures interlocus rearrangements between two T-cell receptor loci, V-gamma and J-beta, located on chromosomes 13 and 6, respectively. The baseline frequency in four strains of mice was determined at several ages (2-8 weeks of age) and was found to be stable at approximately 1.5 x 10(-5) per thymocyte. Strain AKR, which has a high susceptibility to T-cell lymphomas, did not show an elevated frequency of aberrant V(D)J events. We used this assay to examine the effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the frequency of these events. Female B6C3F1 mice, 27 days of age, were exposed to 2,4-D by gavage at doses of 0, 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day for 4 successive days and sacrificed on day 5. Thymus DNA was isolated and examined for illegitimate V(D)J recombination-mediated gene rearrangements. In addition, pregnant mice were exposed to 2,4-D and thymocytes from the offspring examined at 2 weeks of age. No significant increase in aberrant V(D)J rearrangements was found, indicating that under these conditions 2,4-D does not appear to effect this important mechanism of carcinogenesis.     

双重实时PCR快速同时检测霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌

目的建立改良分子信标双重实时PCR同时检测霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌的快速方法,应用于霍乱监测、副溶血弧菌食物中毒的快速诊断和海产品检验。方法根据GenBank公布的霍乱弧菌肠毒素基因A亚单位(ctxA)和副溶血弧菌的耐热直接溶血毒素基因(TDH)的保守序列,分别设计引物和改良分子信标探针,以10种细菌作对照,建立双重实时PCR改良分子信标检测体系,应用于副溶血弧菌食物中毒快速诊断和霍乱监测。结果改良分子信标双重实时PCR反应体系DNA灵敏度为102.4～166.6fgμl,菌液灵敏度为32～64CFUml或3～6CFUPCR反应体系,无交叉反应。此反应体系同时检测40株副溶血弧菌和50株霍乱弧菌,均出现特异的荧光信号,两种细菌检测互不干扰。对3起细菌性食物中毒共48份样品和100份海产品进行检测,9份副溶血弧菌实时PCR阳性,其中7份副溶血弧菌细菌培养阳性,其余样品都为阴性。从样品处理到检测结果仅需1天时间。结论改良分子信标双重实时PCR检测体系快速、灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于霍乱和副溶血弧菌食物中毒的快速诊断,为食源性疾病的分子流行病学调查提供新的检测手段。     

Rearrangement of the human heavy chain variable region gene V3-23 in transgenic mice generates antibodies reactive with a range of antigens on the basis of VHCDR3 and residues intrinsic to the heavy chain variable region

To formulate a 'logic' for how a single immunoglobulin variable region gene generates antibodies with different antigen specificity and polyreactivity, we analysed chimeric antibodies produced in transgenic mice carrying the germ-line human V3-23 gene, multiple diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments. Hybridomas producing antibodies encoded by the V3-23 gene in combination with different mouse Vkappa genes were obtained by fusion of splenocytes from transgenic mice. All antibodies had human mu-chains and mouse light chains, were multimeric in structure and expressed the human V3-23 gene. Nucleotide sequence analyses of genes encoding the heavy and light chains of 12 antibodies in relation to antigen specificity highlighted the importance of heavy chain variable region CDR3 in determining reactivity with different antigens. However, the results also suggest that non-CDR3 sequences intrinsic to the V3-23 gene itself may be involved in, or determine, the binding of the chimeric antibodies to some of the antigens tested in the current study.     

A new PCR-SSP typing method for six single-nucleotide polymorphisms impairing the blood-clotting cascade as well as T-cell stimulation

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the genes of factor V (FV) (G1691A; exon 10), prothrombin (FII) (G20210A; 3'untranslated - region) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (C677T; exon 4) are associated with hypercoagulability, and systematic screening of individuals being at higher risk of thrombosis has been suggested. SNPs in the 2q33 region within the genes of CD28 (+17T/C; intron 3) and CTLA4 (-318C/T; promoter and +49A/G; exon 1) are likely to affect T-cell proliferation and antigen presentation signaling, which may lead to altered sensitivity of allograft or self-tissue recognition and affect the incidence of autoimmune diseases. We developed primers that allow specific amplification of these six SNPs at test conditions identical with those used for HLA typing with the CTS PCR-SSP reagents. One hundred ninety-six healthy German Caucasian individuals were tested for the six SNPs. The genotype frequencies for all SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes when compared to other published studies in which these SNPs were tested. The described PCR-SSP method can be used to screen large numbers of patients for these SNPs.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.