猪肾碱性磷酸酶的提纯及性质研究

目的：从猪肾中提取碱性磷酸酶(ALP)，并对其能否作为参考品进行研究。方法：从猪肾皮质中分离刷状缘微绒毛膜，用正丁醇溶解膜结合的酶，经硫酸铵沉淀，DEAE-Sephacel、ConA-Sepharose、Sephadex G-200及抗γ-谷酰基转移酶(GGT)免疫亲和层析提纯ALP。结果：提纯的ALP比活达402kU／g蛋白，几乎不含杂酶(未检出ALT、AST、ChE、AMY、CK、LDH，GGT仅含2U／780U ALP)。其对底物4-硝基磷酸酚(4-NPP)的Km值为1．35mmol／L，最适pH值为10．40。结论：提纯的猪肾ALP与人血清中的ALP酶动力学特性非常相似，为进一步研制ALP参考品奠定了基础。     

Enzyme immunoassay of histamine in foods

A competitive enzyme immunoassay of histamine in foodstuffs has been developed using a monoclonal antibody against a histamine‐benzoquinone adduct. In this assay, histamine present in food samples was treated with 1,4‐benzoquinone to form histamine‐benzoquinone by a simple and quick reaction and a histamine‐benzoquinone‐horse‐radish peroxidase conjugate was used as the labelled hapten. The apparent association constant (K_a) of the antibody used was 3.6 ×10⁶ l/mol and Gibbs’ energy of the immune complex formation has been estimated to find the optimal incubation time of the assay. The method enabled determination of histamine in fish, cheese, wine and beer at a concentration as low as 7 ng/ml with an accuracy of ± 15%. The recovery of the immunoassay was 88.9–114%. Cross‐reactivities of histidine, tyramine, tryptamine and its derivatives were lower than 0.001% and did not affect the assay.     

国人心壁内血管系统的研究——左心室壁心外膜区微血管形态计量学研究

为探察人左心室壁心外膜区微血管的三维空间构型和形态计量学指标。本研究应用微血管腐蚀铸型/扫描电子显微镜技术和酶组化(碱性磷酸酶反应)染色方法,观察10例心脏标本,得出心外膜区的毛细血管直径为7.2±1.9μm(±S.D),微血管密度是3484.44/mm~2。获得左心室壁心外膜区从微动脉-动脉端毛细血管-毛细血管网-静脉端毛细血管-“萝卜根样”微静脉这个微循环单位的三维空间构型资料。     

A Series of Serological Tests for the Detection of Antigens and Specific Antibodies in Deep-Seated Candidosis: Experimental Aspects/Eine Gruppe von Antigen- und Antikörpertests zur Serodiagnose von tieflokalisierten Candida-Mykosen: Experimentelle Aspekte

Summary: We describe a series of six serological tests for the diagnosis of deep-seated candidosis. The array comprises two commercial tests (antigen test, Ramco Inc., and antibody test, Roche), as well as four enzyme immunoassays which have been developed in this laboratory: an antigen test for detection of Candida-proteinase, the corresponding assays for monitoring of anti-proteinase antibodies, and two assays for monitoring of IgG and IgM against heterogenous metabolic antigens of C. albicans. The highly sensitive and specific proteinase antigen-test tolerates samples with high concentration of serum proteins. Proteinase antigen was detected in 10 out of 11 normal mice after intravenous infection with C. albicans blastospores. The proteinase antigen peaked between the second and fourth day after infection. A rise in corresponding antibodies was observed in all animals. No proteinase antigen was detected in sera of healthy human individuals; anti-proteinase antibody titers in these sera amounted up to 1:8000. In related ELISAs, using metabolic fungal antigens, titer values of specific IgG and IgM amounted to 5120 and 1280, respectively. The six tests were carried out in an comparative study under diagnostic conditions, the results of which are the subject of a forthcoming communication. Zusammenfassung: Ein Satz von sechs serologischen Tests für die Diagnostik der tiefen Candida-Mykosen wird vorgestellt. Die Gruppe schließt zwei kommerziell vertriebene Testbestecke ein (Latex-Agglutinationstest zum Antigennachweis, Ramco Inc., und Hämagglutinationstest zum Antikörpernachweis, Roche). Vier weitere Enzymimmuntests wurden von uns entwickelt: Ein Antigentest zum Nachweis von sekretorischer Candida-Protease, ein entsprechender Test zum Nachweis von Antikörpem gegen Candida-Protease, und zwei Assays zum Nachweis von IgG-bzw. IgM-Antikörpem gegen heterogene metabolische Antigene von C. albicans. Der empfindliche spezifische Protease-Antigentest toleriert hohe Konzentrationen unspezifischer Serumproteine und kann deshalb auf Serumproben in geringer Verdünnung (z. B. 1:20) angewandt werden. Protease-Antigen war in 200 fach verdünnten Seren von 10 aus 11 intravenös infizierten NWNI-Mäusen nachweisbar. Die höchste Antigen-Konzentration trat zwischen dem 2. und 4. Tag nach Infektion auf; die Serum-Halbwertszeit von gereinigter Protease in der Maus betrug etwa 60 nun. Ein Anstieg korrespondierender Antikörper war in alien infizierten Tieren zu beobachten. Auch im Serum gesunder Probanden waren Antiprotease-Antikörper bis zu einem Titer von 1:8000 nachweisbar; der Protease-Antigentest fiel hingegen immer negativ aus. Die Titer von Antikörpern gegen metabolische Candida-Antigene erreichten in derselben Gruppe von Seren Werte von 1:5120 bzw. 1:1280. Die sechs Tests wurden unter diagnostischen Bedingungen verglichen; Ergebnisse dieser Studie sind Gegenstand einer weiteren Mitteilung.     

血清白细胞介素－2受体的测定在脑血管性痴呆诊治中意义的探讨

目的 :检测脑血管性痴呆患者血清中可溶性白细胞介素 - 2 (s IL- 2 R)水平 ,评价 s IL- 2 R的测定在诊治脑血管性痴呆中的价值。方法 :采用双抗体夹心的 EL ISA法检测脑血管性痴呆患者血清中 s IL- 2 R的水平。结果 :脑血管性痴呆患者血清中的 s IL- 2 R水平较健康对照组显著增高 ,两组比较差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :检测脑血管性痴呆患者血清中 s IL- 2 R水平 ,有助于了解患者的免疫功能变化及疗效观察     

Cross-neutralisation of Australian brown and tiger snake venoms with commercial antivenoms: Cross-reactivity or antivenom mixtures?

Recently it has been suggested that the Australian snake antivenoms made by CSL Ltd. are in fact not truly monovalent and may contain antibodies to other snake venoms because the horses are injected with multiple snake venoms. It is unclear to what extent various monovalent antivenoms can neutralise the effect of other venoms, whether this is due to a mixture of antibodies or true cross-reactivity, and whether this has any clinical significance. We aimed to study the immunological and functional properties of brown snake (Pseudonaja spp.) antivenom (BSAV) and tiger snake (Notechis spp.) antivenom (TSAV) against their respective venoms using enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and in vitro clotting studies. There was significant overlap between the two antivenoms with both TSAV and BSAV being detected by EIA on brown snake venom (BSV)-coated and tiger snake venom (TSV)-coated wells, respectively. In a competition EIA, increasing amounts of immunoaffinity-purified hen anti-brown antibodies (IgYp) mixed with TSAV reduced TSAV measured on TSV-coated wells. Both BSAV and TSAV prevented the clotting activity of both venoms. IgYp also prevented the clotting activity of TSV, suggesting true cross-reactivity. The cross-reactivity of TSAV and BSAV with BSV and TSV, respectively, was likely due to each being a mixture of anti-brown and anti-tiger antibodies, but there was partial cross-reactivity demonstrated by the effect of IgYp. Single-polyvalent antivenom for brown snake and tiger snake may be feasible in the future.     

氯氮平对儿童少年精神分裂症患者肝脏功能的影响

目的通过动态检测青少年精神分裂症患者氯氮平治疗后多项生化指标的变化,了解患者用药过程中肝脏功能损害和适应性。方法选取未经治疗的首发青少年精神分裂症患者70例,于治疗前和治疗2周~6周每周末及7周以上时段,检测患者血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(T-Bil)、直接胆红素(D-Bil)、间接胆红素(I-Bil)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、前白蛋白(P-ALB),并同时于2、4、6、8周采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和副反应。结果患者BPRS和TESS量表评分,治疗前后相比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),治疗2周与其它周相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GT趋势性变化明显,用药2周时上升至高峰,第3周下降至治疗前水平,甚至略低于治疗前,第4周又升高,第5周以后逐渐下降,并维持在略高于治疗前水平;LDH从第2周开始上升,第4周达高峰,然后逐渐下降,第6周后维持在略高于治疗前水平;T-Bil、I-Bil治疗2周~6周显著低于治疗前(P<0.05~P<0.01),7周后恢复到治疗前水平(P>0.05);D-Bil在治疗2周及4周时低于治疗前(P<0.05);P-ALB在治疗3、4、6周及7周以上时显著高于治疗前(P<0.05);CHE、TBA、TP、ALB、GLO治疗前后始终无显著性改变(P>0.05)。治疗第3周与其它周比较,ALT均具有显著性差异(P<0.01),而其它项目差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论氯氮平治疗青少年精神分裂症疗效确切,引起的肝脏损害具有规律性,且较轻微,随着治疗的深入,人体可以逐渐适应用药状况。     

Validation of analytical parameters of a competitive direct ELISA for aflatoxin B1 in peanuts

Analytical validation of a competitive direct SUNQuik ELISA with a reference High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and other methods including a minicolumn method and the VICAM Aflatest® system for aflatoxin in peanuts was conducted. Both the ELISA and the VICAM Aflatest® system, using the same peanut extracts were analytically comparable with the HPLC method (R=0.998, p<0.000). The minicolumn method was also found to be acceptable as a low cost rapid semi-quantitative test. Despite the large variation in sampling, the correlation between the SUNQuik ELISA and HPLC using the different peanut sub-samples was considered acceptable over the range of 0–1200 µg kg^?1 (R=0.938). No false negatives were found using the SUNQuik ELISA and false positives were either nil or negligible in all the studies conducted. The repeatability of the SUNQuik ELISA run on the same day was good with only±10% deviation. The reproducibility of the SUNQuik ELISA between days was also acceptable, but with a higher deviation. Applying the SUNQuik ELISA for aflatoxin surveys of peanuts in Indonesia proved that the method can deliver high quality, cost- and time-effective analysis with very little establishment capital and maintenance.     

斑点免疫渗滤法检测丙肝IgG抗体试剂盒的研制

用基因工程重组的丙肝抗原包被于硝酸纤维素膜，建立了检测丙肝ＩｇＧ抗体的斑点免疫渗滤法。与ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒进行双盲式同步测定，二法检验结果差异无显著性。渗滤法简便快速，适用于各级医院，有很强的推广价值。     

慢性肾炎并腹泻引发急性心肌梗塞一例报告

慢性肾炎并腹泻引发急性心肌梗塞一例报告临汾地区卫校附属医院（０４１０００）马希贤患者男性，２３岁。９岁时曾因少尿，浮肿，血尿被诊断为“急性肾炎”，经中西药治疗痊愈。１９９１年１月因反复浮肿，少尿３个月，加重半月入院。入院后后经临床检查诊断为：慢性肾炎（肾病型），给予强的松（６０ｍｇ，顿服）、利尿剂及中药治疗，尿量增加，浮肿减轻，治疗一月后尿蛋白明显减轻，超声波检查腹水消失，将强的松量每周减少１０ｍｇ，至１０ｍｇ／日时作为维持量长期服用，入院第１４２天突然出现阵发性腹痛伴腹泻，呈稀水样便，５～６次／日，脐周压痛（＋），肠鸣音亢进。便常规：白细胞５～６个／ＨＰ，未见巨噬细胞及红细胞。考虑并急性肠炎，２天后病人自诉头晕。口干，血压９０／６０ｍｍＨｇ，当日中午睡眠时突发胸骨后闷痛，伴大汗、恶心及心悸，持续不缓解，急查心电图示频发室早，Ｖ１─３ＳＴ段呈弓背向上形抬高０．３～０．５ｍＶ，Ｒｖ１─３振幅降低，考虑“急性前间壁心肌梗塞”，经吸氧，静脉补液及应用低分子右旋糖酐、吗啡、硝酸甘油、尿激酶及利多卡因治疗疼痛消失。后查心电图Ｖ１─３出现ＱＳ波，ＳＴ─Ｔ符合急性心肌梗塞演变过程，心电向量示前间壁梗塞向量。讨论：本例突发