硕士研究生自主选题与创新能力的培养

硕士研究生学位论文选题是研究生培养的关键环节,对其创新能力的培养至关重要。主要结合多年来采用的硕士生独立选题实践情况,探讨独立选题对硕士生创新思维和创新能力培养的作用和意义。     

Effect of vagus nerve stimulation on creativity and cognitive flexibility

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether vagus nerve stimulation influences cognitive flexibility and creativity. METHODS: Ten subjects, in whom vagus nerve stimulators had been implanted for the treatment of intractable seizures, performed tasks that assessed cognitive flexibility (solving anagrams), creativity (Torrance Test), and memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test) during actual and sham vagus nerve stimulation. RESULTS: Vagus nerve stimulation impaired cognitive flexibility and creativity, but these results could not be explained by the induction of a general encephalopathy because VNS did not impair learning and improved retention. CONCLUSIONS: The means by which vagus nerve stimulation impairs cognitive flexibility and creative thinking is probably related to increased activity of the locus coeruleus-central adrenergic system that increases the signal-to-noise ratio and improves the brain's ability to attend to sensory input, but decreases its ability to recruit large-scale networks.     

Auditory Expectation: The Information Dynamics of Music Perception and Cognition

Following in a psychological and musicological tradition beginning with Leonard Meyer, and continuing through David Huron, we present a functional, cognitive account of the phenomenon of expectation in music, grounded in computational, probabilistic modeling. We summarize a range of evidence for this approach, from psychology, neuroscience, musicology, linguistics, and creativity studies, and argue that simulating expectation is an important part of understanding a broad range of human faculties, in music and beyond.     

基于专利的脑机接口技术创新力和竞争力研究

目的:通过专利文献揭示脑机接口技术的创新力和竞争力,为我国脑机接口技术发展提供参考和借鉴.方法:利用专利计量和专利地图等可视化分析方法对全球脑机接口技术的发展趋势、生命周期、竞争力、创新力、重点布局、主要申请机构、重点核心专利、研究热点,以及中美专利沙盘对抗等进行分析.结果:全球脑机接口技术研究呈不断增长趋势,目前该技...     

预防医学专业开设设计性实验的实践与思考

本研究对预防医学专业本科毕业实习中开设设计性实验的可行性与实施步骤进行了初步探讨,表明该类实验在培养学生创新精神和实践能力方面具有重要作用,值得进一步推广.     

Relationship between playfulness and motor creativity in preschool children

Previous research has noted a corresponding relationship between young children's play and divergent thinking ability. This study examined how far fluency and flexibility in movement patterns' production, as indicatory elements of divergent thinking and critical thinking, are related to a variety of psychological elements (physical spontaneity, social spontaneity, cognitive spontaneity, manifest joy, sense of humor) that compositely contribute to playfulness, an internal personality characteristic. A total of two hundred and fifty preschool‐aged children participated in this study. Their teachers completed the Greek version of Children's Playfulness Scale. The Divergent movement ability test was used to rate children's motor creativity. The data indicated a significant correlation between total playfulness and (a) motor fluency and (b) motor flexibility. This means that playfulness and motor creativity are interconnected because movement during preschool age is the primary way of action, expression, learning and development.     

Amygdalar enlargement associated with unique perception

Interference by amygdalar activity in perceptual processes has been reported in many previous studies. Consistent with these reports, previous clinical studies have shown amygdalar volume change in multiple types of psychotic disease presenting with unusual perception. However, the relationship between variation in amygdalar volume in the normal population and the tendency toward unusual or unique perception has never been investigated. To address this issue, we defined an index to represent the tendency toward unique perception using ambiguous stimuli: subjects were instructed to state what the figures looked like to them, and “unique responses” were defined depending on the appearance frequency of the same responses in an age- and gender-matched control group. The index was defined as the ratio of unique responses to total responses per subject. We obtained structural brain images and values of the index from sixty-eight normal subjects. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed a positive correlation between amygdalar volume and the index. Since previous reports have indicated that unique responses were observed at higher frequency in the artistic population than in the nonartistic normal population, this positive correlation suggests that amygdalar enlargement in the normal population might be related to creative mental activity.     

校企合作办学 培养创新创业型高级人才

为满足我国生物医药产业发展对创新创业型高级人才的急需,中国药科大学以国家生命科学与技术人才培养基地为依托,探索出一套“校企联合,本硕连读”的新型人才培养模式,取得实质性成果,实现学校、企业、学生三赢。但现阶段校企联合培养高层次生物医药人才模式推广还存在一定困难,需要政府介入,企业、学校共同努力,采取有效措施,保证这一新型人才培养模式健康发展。     

Creativity related cortex activity in the remote associates task

The involvement of different oscillating neuronal systems during verbal creative thinking was investigated by multi-channel EEG measuring. The remote associates task (RAT) as a model of creative thinking in comparison to the resting condition and the simple associates task (SAT) was used. The EEG coherence along with spectral power density estimates were evaluated in each of the six frequency bands in 4-30 Hz range. We have found out RAT-related EEG changes mainly in the theta1, alpha1, alpha2 and beta2 bands. The RAT-induced cortical activation was differed from the SAT-induced EEG pattern by (i) widespread enhancement of power and coherence in the beta2, (ii) the theta1 power increase in the frontal cortex, and (iii) increased desynchronization of the alpha1,alpha2 mainly over posterior cortex together with the alpha1 coherence decrease in the prefrontal sites. Originality scores of the verbal associates positively correlated with an increase of coherence focused in the fronto-parietal regions of both hemispheres in the beta2 and in the left parieto-temporal loci in the alpha1. Additionally, more original responses positively correlated with amplitude of the alpha1 mostly in the left hemisphere. We propose that widespread cortical integration of multi-component internal processing has been simultaneously mediated during creative verbal thinking. The selectively distributed theta, alpha, and beta oscillations reflect intra- and inter-hemispheric communication networks with different functional relations to the RAT solving. The theta1 and alpha1 rhythms seem to specifically relate to top-down information processing such as deliberate sustained attention and working-memory-retention during defocused attention, respectively, whereas larger interregional synchrony in the beta2 band may mediate 'differential' attention to diffusely activating alternative meanings of words and remote associates from coarse semantic coding.