ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF A DIEULAFOY‐LIKE LESION IN A DUODENAL DIVERTICULUM

We present a 70‐year‐old man who had two episodes of melena during the preceding 8‐year period. He had a Dieulafoy‐like lesion in a diverticulum in the third portion of the duodenum. While emergency endoscopy revealed neither apparent blood nor clots around the diverticular orifice, there was a non‐bleeding vessel in the fundus of the diverticulum. The vessel ceased bleeding after argon plasma coagulation and, since then, the patient has not experienced bleeding. In cases of gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin, duodenal diverticulum should be considered as a possible source of bleeding, even when endoscopy discloses no apparent bleeding.     

慢性多发性肌炎临床及病理分析

目的探讨慢性多发性肌炎的发病机制、临床和病理特征。方法回顾性分析95例慢性多发性肌炎患者临床表现、肌酶学和肌电图检查结果,总结肌肉病理学特征。结果慢性多发性肌炎以四肢近端肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现,血清酶谱轻-中度增高,肌电图以肌源性损害为主,病理改变为灶性坏死、炎性细胞浸润与再生肌纤维共存。结论临床特点结合病理学检查有助于慢性多发性肌炎的诊断,多数患者激素治疗有效。     

肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的防治

目的　探讨肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的防治。方法　回顾性分析我院 2 0 0 2年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 12月施行的 6 1例肝移植病例。结果　 6 1例肝移植术前肝功能ChildC级 35例 (5 7 4 % ) ,ChildB级 2 6例 (4 2 6 % ) ,ChildC组的患者术中凝血指标 (INR)的变化程度大于ChildB组 (P <0 0 5 )。与凝血有关的并发症中大出血 5例 (8 2 % ) ,肾衰 6例 (9 8% ) ,肝动脉血栓形成 5例 (8 2 % ) ,手术开展两阶段对比 ,第二阶段主要因限制了大量凝血药及血制品的使用 ,并发症明显减少。结论　掌握好不同时期、不同患者出血和血栓形成的平衡是防治肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的关键     

阴道B超介导下后穹窿穿刺治疗盆腔囊肿

目的　介绍阴道B超介导下后穹窿穿刺治疗盆腔囊肿的方法和疗效。方法　 38例盆腔囊肿病人在阴道B超介导下行后穹窿穿刺术 ,并与 2 8例住院行经腹囊肿切除术病人进行对比。结果　阴道B超介导下后穹窿穿刺术治愈率 10 0 % ,复发率 2 6 %。与经腹囊肿切除术相比 ,手术时间短 ,术中出血少 ,病人可接受程度高 ,花费少 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 1)。结论　阴道B超介导下后穹窿穿刺治疗盆腔囊肿 ,方法简便、安全高效、创伤小、价廉 ,是一项理想的保守疗法 ,值得推广应用。     

99TCm-RBC显像在下消化道出血诊断中的应用

目的　研究 99TCm-RBC显像诊断下消化道出血的临床价值。方法　对 2 5例下消化道出血患者行 99TCm-RBC显像 ,并与手术及病理检查结果作比较。结果　99TCm-RBC显像诊断下消化道出血阳性率为 80 .0 %,定位诊断率为 68.0 %,特异性为 85 .0 %。结论99TCm-RBC显像可作为下消化道出血诊断及定位的一种有效方法。     

唇裂术止血减张固定器的研制和实验与临床研究

目的：为了减少唇裂修复术中出血，便于手术操作，缩短手术时间，相对地减少手术的危险性。方法：利用压迫止血及滑杆的原理，自行设计制作了唇裂术止血减张固定器，经过动物实验证实，在2h以内不会对组织有任何不可逆损伤，并成功地应用于唇裂修复术中。结果：临床应用68例，与传统止血方法比较，术中出血明显减少，便于手术操作，而且安全可靠，在2h以内不会对上唇组织有任何不可逆损伤，手术的危险性相对地减少。结论：应用唇裂术止血减张固定器进行唇裂修复术，术中出血明显减少．手术时间明显缩短，手术的危险性相对地减少，对减轻术后切口瘢痕有利，值得临床推广应用。     

Medical management of chronic pancreatitis

慢性胰腺炎的临床表现包括疼痛、脂肪泻和糖尿病。在西方国家，慢性胰腺炎最常见的病因是酗酒。70％以上的病人在就诊时有疼痛的临床表现，而且，这些患者中又有75％以上会在几年之后出现疼痛减轻或完全消失。对于所有的慢性胰腺炎的病人来说，均应排除非胰源性疼痛和胆道梗阻、胰腺假性囊肿等胰腺局部并发症。应建议所有慢性胰腺炎病人戒烟、戒酒。阿片类镇痛剂仅应用于治疗疼痛严重的病人。尽管有报道认为胰酶替代治疗有助于止痛，但是，对于已经确诊的慢性胰腺炎病人来说，该疗法无效。激素类药物进行腹腔神经丛阻滞术可能有助于病人度过剧烈疼痛期。顽固性疼痛是进行胰液引流或胰腺切除的适应证。建议应用适量胰酶替代联合(或不联合)制酸剂治疗营养不良。慢性胰腺炎导致的糖尿病与原发性糖尿病的治疗原则相似。     

Are chronic wheezing and asthma-like attacks related to FEV1 decline? The Cracow study

Analysis is presented of the relationship between decline in ventilatory function and possible symptoms of bronchial hypereactivity. Data comes from three consecutive surveys within a 13-year follow-up study of a population sample of 1747 persons (718 males and 1029 females) who completed spirometric testing and interviews. Chest symptoms recorded in the two initial surveys were used as baselines for the prognostic study on FEV₁ change. To evaluate changes in lung function the FEV₁ decline index, expressed as percentage of FEV₁ loss during the study period, was calculated. Chronic wheezing and asthma-like attacks were very strongly related to FEV₁ baseline level. Multiple linear regression analysis for each separate symptom including age and smoking habits as confounders and showed that the FEV₁ decline index was higher and more significant when wheezing and asthma-like attacks or chronic cough were present. When the combination of symptoms were introduced into the regression model, the effect of wheezing became insignificant. Only attacks of shortness of breath in both sexes and chronic cough in women were significantly associated with more rapid FEV₁ decline. However, the effect of persistent wheezing in men had a rather substantial impact on FEV₁ change. Comparing the effect of the number of cigarettes smoked with the effect of symptoms, one can see that FEV₁ decline due to attacks of shortness of breath is comparable to that seen with heavy smoking. There was no strong evidence that the symptoms under study precede the more rapid FEV₁ decline.     

实验性小肠动脉出血的垂体后叶素灌注治疗

经动脉导管灌注垂体后叶素治疗１０条犬小肠出血的实验研究结果表明，垂体后叶素灌注治疗的效果与出血部位累及的血管大小及出血速率有关。还提示垂体后叶素对较大血管引起的出血灌注治疗无效，其引起血管的收缩作用主要在末梢小血管。     

Computed tomography features immediately after replacement of haematoma with oxygen through percutaneous subdural tapping for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma in adults

Summary In an effort to achieve a simple and less invasive method for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma, replacement of the haematoma with oxygen by percutaneous subdural tapping was employed in 36 patients. This study was conducted on 23 haematomas in 20 patients, whose computed tomography (CT) scans immediately following the treatment were available for evaluation, with particular regard to distinguishing between their findings and those seen with tension pneumocephalus. The CT features werde divided into two patterns according to the location of oxygen; a convexity type (19 haematomas) and an interhemispheric type (4 haematomas). Analysis of the CT appearances revealed the oxygen was exclusively confined to the haematoma cavity, distinguishing it from the findings in tension pneumocephalus. This observation indicates the safety of replacement of the haematoma with oxygen when combined with our percutaneuous subdural tapping technique which prevents lesions of the inner haematoma membrane.