Long-term health-related quality of life of breast cancer survivors remains impaired compared to the age-matched general population especially in young women. Results from the prospective controlled BREX exercise study

ObjectiveTo investigate long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes over time in younger compared to older disease-free breast cancer survivors who participated in a prospective randomized exercise trial.MethodsSurvivors (aged 35–68 years) were randomized to a 12-month exercise trial after adjuvant treatment and followed up for ten years. HRQoL was assessed with the generic 15D instrument during follow-up and the younger (baseline age ≤ 50) and older (age >50) survivors’ HRQoL was compared to that of the age-matched general female population (n = 892). The analysis included 342 survivors.ResultsThe decline of HRQoL compared to the population was steeper and recovery slower in the younger survivors (p for interaction < 0.001). The impairment was also larger among the younger survivors (p = 0.027) whose mean HRQoL deteriorated for three years after treatment and started to slowly improve thereafter but still remained below the population level after ten years (difference −0.017, 95% CI: −0.031 to −0.004). The older survivors’ mean HRQoL gradually approached the population level during the first five years but also remained below it at ten years (difference −0.019, 95% CI: −0.031 to −0.007). The largest differences were on the dimensions of sleeping and sexual activity, on which both age groups remained below the population level throughout the follow-up.ConclusionsHRQoL developed differently in younger and older survivors both regarding the most affected dimensions of HRQoL and the timing of the changes during follow-up. HRQoL of both age groups remained below the population level even ten years after treatment.     

异常灌注评分法评价肺血栓栓塞症患者治疗效果的价值

目的 分析异常灌注评分法对肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）疗效的评估价值。方法 选择明确诊断为急性PTE的患者46例，在治疗前及治疗后14d行肺灌注显像，2位核医学科医师分别对肺灌注显像图进行定性分析，随后采用异常灌注评分法和Parker创建的肺段评分法进行肺灌注显像结果判读，比较两者在判读结果方面的一致性及其相关性，并比较2种方法所示的治疗后灌注改善率。结果 2位医师对左肺灌注结果判读的一致性为100％（Kappa值为1．0），对右肺灌注结果判读的一致性为91．3％（Kappa值为0．69）。治疗前后2种灌注评分结果均有较高度的一致性（Kappa值分别为0．657和0．665，P均〈0．001）。在治疗前和治疗后通过2种评分方法所计算的联合评分均呈显著正相关（r值分别为0．770和0．771，P均〈0．001）。肺灌注改善率在2种评分方法之间无显著差异（P=0．128）。结论 异常灌注评分法判读简单，是评价PTE治疗效果的较好方法。     

Preliminary laboratory based diagnostic criteria for immune thrombocytopenic purpura: evaluation by multi-center prospective study

BACKGROUND: We proposed diagnostic criteria for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) by modifying the existing guidelines for diagnosis of ITP and by incorporating laboratory tests found useful for predicting its diagnosis, for example erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody-producing B cells, platelet-associated anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, percentage of reticulated platelets, and plasma thrombopoietin. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To validate our criteria, we conducted a multi-center prospective study involving 112 patients with thrombocytopenia and a morphologically normal peripheral blood film at the first visit. Each patient underwent a physical examination, routine laboratory tests, and specialized tests for the anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody response and platelet turnover. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients (81%) satisfied the proposed criteria at first visit. Clinical diagnosis was made by skilled hematologists > 6 months after the first visit; ITP was diagnosed in 88 patients and non-ITP disorders in 24. The proposed criteria had 98% sensitivity, 79% specificity, a 95% positive predictive value, and a 90% negative predictive value. A relatively low specificity appears to be attributed to a few patients who had both ITP and aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary diagnostic criteria based on ITP-associated laboratory findings were useful for the differential diagnosis of ITP, but additional evaluations and modifications will be necessary to develop criteria that can be used routinely.     

癫(癎)患者先兆症状的研究

目的 探讨癫(癎)患者先兆症状的发生比例、临床表现,为正确诊断治疗癫(癎)提供依据.方法 回顾性研究1028例癫(癎)患者的临床资料,分析癫(癎)患者的先兆发生率、临床表现、脑电图和神经影像学结果.比较伴或不伴先兆的部分性发作癫(癎)患者的发病年龄、性别、脑电图、神经影像学的差异以及腹部先兆在颞叶内外侧癫(癎)出现比例的差异.结果 部分性癫(癎)725例,484例(66.8 % )出现先兆;全面性发作者303例,无一例患者出现先兆.64例患者出现2种或2种以上的先兆表现;14例出现持续性先兆的癫(癎)患者.1028例患者中脑电图异常547例(53.2 % ),影像学异常217例(21.1 % ).484例有先兆症状的患者中286例脑电图异常(59.1 % ),126例(26.0 % )影像学异常.伴或不伴先兆的部分性发作癫(癎)患者的首次发病年龄差异无统计学意义,腹部先兆在颞叶内外侧癫(癎)出现的比例差异有统计学意义(x2=170.877,P<0.01).结论 癫(癎)患者先兆症状多样,分析先兆症状对于癫(癎)分型、病灶定位以及合理治疗有指导意义.     

醋酸精氨酸对创烧伤患者预后的影响及安全性分析——86例多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验

目的观察服用醋酸精氨酸对创烧伤患者预后的影响及可能出现的不良反应。方法采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照的研究方法,将96例创烧伤患者(实际完成86例)随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组41例,服用醋酸精氨酸0．4 g·kg-1·d-1;对照组45例,服用安慰剂酪氨酸,剂量同前,均连用7 d。两组患者采用等氮、等热量的营养支持疗法。比较患者创面(切口)愈合时间、住院时间及不良反应发生情况。结果创伤患者治疗组(29例)创面(切口)愈合时间和住院时间分别为(11．1±2．8)、(19±6)d,明显短于对照组(13．2±5．5)、(22±6)d(33例,P< 0．05);烧伤患者治疗组(12例)创面愈合时间和住院时间各为(20±5)、(28±6)d,与对照组(22±8)、(29±8)d(12例)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。在整个试验过程中,患者出现的不良反应为恶心、腹泻,其中治疗组1例占2．44％,对照组1例占2．22％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P= 1．000)。以上不良反应停药后消失。结论服用醋酸精氨酸能显著促进创伤患者创面(切口)愈合,缩短住院时间,且无明显不良反应,但对烧伤患者的预后无明显改善,这可能与病例数较少有关,其确切疗效有待于通过大样本的临床试验予以确定。     

综合性医院抑郁症的特点及疗效分析

目的:了解综合性医院神经内科门诊抑郁症的临床特点及抗抑郁治疗的临床疗效.方法:对46例抑郁症患者的临床特点进行研究分析,同时对其中24例患者给予帕罗西汀治疗,对汉密尔顿抑郁评定表(HAMD)的平均总分数、汉密尔顿4因子及临床总体印象量表(CGI)评分在治疗前后进行比较.结果:46例抑郁症患者均以不同程度的躯体症状为主诉,临床表现多种多样,可涉及全身各系统;其中24例抑郁症患者给予帕罗西汀治疗后,汉密尔顿抑郁评定表的平均总分数、汉密尔顿4因子及临床总体印象量表评分分数在治疗后较治疗前显著减少(P＜0.01).结论:了解抑郁症患者躯体症状的临床特点,对于抑郁症的诊断和治疗至关重要.帕罗西汀对抑郁症患者具有明显的抗焦虑作用及早期改善睡眠的作用且整体抗抑郁疗效好.     

我国大陆恶性高热病例的分析

目的 分析我国大陆恶性高热（MH）病例的临床资料，探讨诊断和治疗中应注意的问题。方法 检索中国生物医学文献数据库，收集1978年1月至2004年3月报道的MH病例34例，分析其流行病学特征、发病特点、临床表现、治疗及转归。结果 我国大陆报道的MH病例以青少年居多，男性多于女性，集中在口腔科手术（尤其是唇腭裂修补术）、骨科手术和小儿外科手术（尤其是先天畸形矫治术），典型的临床表现为突然发生的高碳酸血症、体温急剧升高和骨骼肌僵直等。诊断上主要是根据临床表现，尚未建立骨骼肌体外收缩试验方法，治疗上主要是对症处理，缺乏特效药物（丹曲林）。结论 近几年我国大陆MH病例逐渐增加，应加强对MH发病机制的研究，尽快建立MH的实验诊断标准，增强预防、诊断和治疗MH的能力。     

慢性肾衰竭急性加重的临床特征及相关因素分析

目的：探讨慢性肾衰竭（CRF）急性加重因素及其治疗措施对预后的影响。方法：对2001年1月～2005年6月住院治疗的CRF急性加重患者42例，按其加重原因、基础疾病、治疗方式和疗效进行回顾性总结。结果：CRF急性加重因素依次为各种感染（45．2％）、原发病加重（19．0％）、高血压未控制（14．3％）、水电解质紊乱（11．9％）、肾毒性药物（11．9％）、心功能不全（9．5％）、尿路梗阻（4．8％）、血高粘滞状态（2．4%），7例同时存在≥2种上述病因（16．7％）。CRF急性加重原发病以慢性肾小球肾炎（52．4％）和糖尿病肾病（11．9％）为主。积极治疗后肾功能恢复达到或接近原来水平者40例，死亡2例，死亡2例的年龄均在60岁以上。结论：对于CRF肾功能急剧恶化的患者，应积极寻找其加重因素，并采取非透析和透析相结合治疗，改善肾功能，降低病死率，延长患者生命。     

Differential role for the striatum and cerebellum in response to novel movements using a motor learning paradigm.

The aim of this pilot study was to examine the role of the striatum and cerebellum in the adaptation to a novel movement within a sequence of practiced movements using a motor learning paradigm. The performance of patients in the early or advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and of patients with damage to the cerebellum (CE) was compared, respectively to a group of aged and young matched controls on an adapted version of the Mirror-Tracing Test. In this task, subjects were required to trace a series of complex figures in two conditions: (1) a Practiced condition, in which the figures were composed of the juxtaposition of three simple designs that were extensively practiced before; and (2) a Mixed condition in which triads were created by replacing the last simple figure of the triads in the Practiced condition by a new simple figure that had never been traced individually before. Results showed that all clinical groups were slower than controls at tracing the Practiced triads. Most interestingly, however, only patients in the advanced stages of PD showed increased completion time to trace the triads in the Mixed condition. This suggests that a bilateral striatal dysfunction affects the ability to adapt to a novel motion within a sequence of practiced movements. Although exploratory, these results support a functional dissociation between the striatum and cerebellum in acquiring visuomotor skilled behaviors.