The Mental Health Team: Evaluation From a Professional Viewpoint. A Qualitative Study

Background

Health care institutions include workers who must operate in accordance with the requirements of the position, even though there are psychosocial influences that can affect the stability of the worker.

Cardiorespiratory fitness protects against stress-related symptoms of burnout and depression

Objective

To examine how cardiorespiratory fitness and self-perceived stress are associated with burnout and depression. To determine if any relationship between stress and burnout/depression is mitigated among participants with high fitness levels.

Methods

197 participants (51% men, mean age = 39.2 years) took part in the study. The Åstrand bicycle test was used to assess cardorespiratory fitness. Burnout was measured with the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ), depressive symptoms with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-D). A gender-matched stratified sample was used to ensure that participants with varying stress levels were equally represented.

Results

Participants with moderate and high fitness reported fewer symptoms of burnout and depression than participants with low fitness. Individuals with high stress who also had moderate or high fitness levels reported lower scores on the SMBQ Tension subscale and the HAD-D than individuals with high stress, but low fitness levels.

Conclusion

Better cardiovascular fitness seems to be associated with decreased symptoms of burnout and a better capacity to cope with stress.

Practical implications

Promoting and measuring cardiorespiratory fitness can motivate employees to adopt a more physically active lifestyle and thus strengthen their ability to cope with stress exposure and stress-related disorders.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者头发皮质醇水平与倦怠的相关性及其对生活质量的影响研究

背景　头发皮质醇水平是一个反映慢性压力的指标,课题组前期研究结果提示倦怠可能是急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）的独立危险因素,但目前国内尚缺乏关于头发皮质醇水平与倦怠和ACS的研究。目的　探讨ACS患者头发皮质醇水平与倦怠的相关性,以及头发皮质醇水平对患者出院1个月后生活质量的影响。方法　以2015年3月-2018年2月因首次发生ACS收住昆明医科大学第一附属医院心内科的89例患者为试验组,以同期在本院进行年度体检的42例健康者为对照组。取两组受试者少量头发进行皮质醇水平检测,采用哥本哈根倦怠量表（CBI）的一般倦怠子量表评估ACS患者的倦怠水平,采用生活质量8条简明量表（SF-8）和西雅图心绞痛量表（SAQ）评估ACS患者出院１个月后的生活质量。对头发皮质醇数据进行自然对数转换,两组头发皮质醇水平比较采用成组t检验,并采用多重线性回归排除混杂因素对结果的影响;ACS患者头发皮质醇水平和倦怠的相关性采用偏相关分析;构建多重线性回归模型分析ACS患者头发皮质醇水平与出院1个月后生活质量的关系。结果　75例ACS患者和38例健康者提供了头发样本进行皮质醇水平检测。ACS患者的头发皮质醇水平高于健康者〔（2.00±1.82）ln ng/g比（1.59±1.48）ln ng/g,t=2.42,P=0.017〕,构建多重线性回归模型排除性别、年龄、体质指数、工作状况、受教育程度、吸烟、饮酒的影响后,组别是头发皮质醇水平的影响因素〔b（95%CI）=2.038（0.198,3.878）,P=0.037〕。偏相关分析结果显示,排除性别、年龄、体质指数、工作状况、受教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、Killip心功能分级、既往史、心血管病家族史的影响后,ACS患者的头发皮质醇水平与倦怠评分呈正相关（偏相关系数为0.303,P=0.011）。ACS患者头发皮质醇水平是出院1个月后SF-8生理健康评分、SAQ心绞痛稳定状态和心绞痛发作频率评分的影响因素〔b（95%CI）分别为-1.459（-1.984,-0.934）、-8.821（-15.629,-2.013）、-6.342（-12.653,-0.031）,P均<0.05〕。结论　ACS患者的头发皮质醇水平高于健康者;在ACS患者中,倦怠与头发皮质醇水平呈正相关关系;基线头发皮质醇水平高的ACS患者出院1个月后的生活质量较差。     

A qualitative study of Korean music therapist's turnover experiences

Nine Korean music therapists’ turnover experiences were examined using consensual qualitative research. Five domains and 24 categories were created from the cross-analysis of the data. The domains of this study were: (a) factors contributing to turnover; (b) burnout; (c) turnover procedure; (d) changes after turnover; and (e) factors contributing to retention. Based on the frequency label of each category, three types of categories were generated: general (8–9 cases), typical (5–7 cases), and variant (2–3 cases). The result showed that the lack of recognition for music therapy among administrators, supervisors, and peer therapists contributed to music therapists’ turnover decision. However, it was found that these participants had a strong sense of professionalism, which was expressed through their work, regardless of the various challenges posed by environmental conditions. In fact, financial sources such as work conditions and salary were only categorized as variant whereas the professional incentives were identified generally across participants in this study.     

Design an Artificial Neural Network by MLP Method; Analysis of the Relationship between Demographic Variables,Resilience, COVID-19 and Burnout

In addition to the effect that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the physical and mental health of individuals, it has also led to a change in the mental and emotional state of many employees. Especially among businesses and private companies, which faced many restrictions due to the special conditions of the pandemic. Therefore, the present study aimed to design an artificial neural network with MLP technique to analyze the relationship between demographic variables, resilience, COVID-19 and burnout in start-ups in Iran. The research method was quantitative. Managers and employees of start-ups formed the statistical population of the study, based on the statistical sample size of the unlimited community, 384 of them were tested. For data gathering, standard questionnaires include of MBI-GS and BRCS and researcher-made questionnaire of stress caused by COVID-19 were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by a panel of experts and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The number of neurons in the input layer was equal to 10, the number of neurons in the 1st hidden layer was equal to 7, the number of neurons in the output layer was equal to 1, and the number of epochs was equal to 500. 70% of the data were used for training and 30% for testing. In the designed artificial neural network, all experiment data except one were correctly predicted and the obtained MAE error was less than 0.012%. Finally, he precision and correction of the presented model was confirmed by the obtained results.     

Exhaustion and endocrine functioning in clinical burnout: an in-depth study using the experience sampling method

The current study investigates the relationship between HPA-axis functioning and burnout symptoms by employing an electronic symptom diary. This diary method circumvents the retrospection bias induced by symptom questionnaires and allows to study relationships within-in addition to between-subjects. Forty two clinically burned-out participants completed the exhaustion subscale of the Maslach burnout inventory and kept an electronic diary for 2 weeks to assess momentary exhaustion and daily recovery through sleep. On 3 consecutive weekdays within the diary period, saliva was sampled to determine the cortisol awakening response (CAR), levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) on the first 2 weekdays, and to conduct the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) on the third weekday. We found significant relationships between endocrine values and general momentary symptom severity as assessed with the diary, but not with the retrospective questionnaire-assessed burnout symptoms. Simultaneous assessments of endocrine values and burnout symptoms assessed with the diary after awakening rendered significant associations between persons, and a trend within persons. More severe burnout symptoms were consistently associated with a lower level and smaller increase of CAR, higher DHEAS levels, smaller cortisol/DHEAS ratios and a stronger suppression after DST. Burnout symptoms were significantly related to endocrine functioning in clinical burnout under the best possible conditions of symptom measurement. This adds support to the view that severity of burnout symptoms is associated with HPA-axis functioning.     

四川省高校教师职业倦怠状况研究

目的对四川省高校教师职业倦怠状况进行抽样调查研究,揭示四川省高校教师存在职业倦怠的程度,为四川省高校教师队伍的管理与建设提供参考。方法于2013年12月,采用美国心理学家Maslach等编制的职业倦怠量表对随机抽取的520名四川省高校教师进行问卷调查。结果 1四川省高校教师职业倦怠的平均分为(1.440±0.486)分。2在去个性化维度上,不同性别(t=3.007,df=488,P=0.003)和年龄(F=4.801,df=3,P=0.003)的高校教师之间的差异有统计学意义。3在低成就感维度上,不同年龄(F=5.808,df=3,P=0.001)、学历(F=3.672,df=3,P=0.012)、职称(F=4.215,df=3,P=0.006)和收入(F=4.799,df=4,P=0.001)的高校教师之间的差异有统计学意义。结论 1四川省高校教师的职业倦怠水平较低。2年龄在46岁以上、或学历为博士、或职称为教授,或月收入在5000元以上的高校教师较少职业倦怠。     

Changes in Burnout and Satisfaction With Work-Life Integration in Physicians and the General US Working Population Between 2011 and 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of burnout and satisfaction with work-life integration among physicians and other US workers in 2017 compared with 2011 and 2014.Participants and MethodsBetween October 12, 2017, and March 15, 2018, we surveyed US physicians and a probability-based sample of the US working population using methods similar to our 2011 and 2014 studies. A secondary survey with intensive follow-up was conducted in a sample of nonresponders to evaluate response bias. Burnout and work-life integration were measured using standard tools.ResultsOf 30,456 physicians who received an invitation to participate, 5197 (17.1%) completed surveys. Among the 476 physicians in the secondary survey of nonresponders, 248 (52.1%) responded. A comparison of responders in the 2 surveys revealed no significant differences in burnout scores (P=.66), suggesting that participants were representative of US physicians. When assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 43.9% (2147 of 4893) of the physicians who completed the MBI reported at least one symptom of burnout in 2017 compared with 54.4% (3680 of 6767) in 2014 (P<.001) and 45.5% (3310 of 7227) in 2011 (P=.04). Satisfaction with work-life integration was more favorable in 2017 (42.7% [2056 of 4809]) than in 2014 (40.9% [2718 of 6651]; P<.001) but less favorable than in 2011 (48.5% [3512 of 7244]; P<.001). On multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, relationship status, and hours worked per week, physicians were at increased risk for burnout (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.54; P<.001) and were less likely to be satisfied with work-life integration (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.70-0.85; P<.001) than other working US adults.ConclusionBurnout and satisfaction with work-life integration among US physicians improved between 2014 and 2017, with burnout currently near 2011 levels. Physicians remain at increased risk for burnout relative to workers in other fields.