股骨远端骨折治疗方案的探讨

股骨远端骨折是创伤骨科治疗领域内的一个难点。主要原因是治疗方案的混乱和远期膝关节的病损。自1998-2005年采用经皮股骨远端髓内钉(DFN)内固定、切开复位接骨板内固定的方法治疗股骨远端骨折共59例,分析如下。1临床资料经皮DFN共27例,男19例,女8例;年龄19~75岁,平均35岁。交通伤19例,老年跌伤6例,砸伤2例。按AO分型:A1型10例,A2型8例,A3型6例,C1型3例。伴有开放性损伤4例,多发骨折3例,前交叉韧带损伤1例。切开复位接骨板内固定共32例,男21例,女11例。年龄18~79岁,平均36岁。交通伤21例,老年跌伤6例,砸伤4例,炸伤1例。按AO分型:B1型…     

MR Findings of Intrathecal Chemotherapy-Related Myelopathy in Two Cases: Mimicker of Subacute Combined Degeneration

We report the findings of spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 2 patients who had undergone intrathecal chemotherapy and presented with the subacute onset of ascending numbness and weakness. MRI revealed a symmetric hyperintensity at the posterior columns of the spinal cord from the lower cervical region down to the conus medullaris level on T2-weighted images, and no abnormal enhancement. The imaging findings are similar to those seen in subacute combined degeneration (SCD), but the serum vitamin B(12) levels were normal in these 2 cases.     

Ewing's sarcoma of bone: Oncologic and functional results

This paper describes 29 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone treated between 1975 and 1990 at the University of Nijmegen Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Osteomyelitis was the primary diagnosis in 24%. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Nine patients received radiotherapy only; five of them died of disease. Five patients underwent an intralesional excision; four of them died of disease. Twelve patients underwent a wide excision; there is no evidence of disease in any of them. Three patients underwent a radical disarticulation; all died of disease. The disease-free survival at 1.5 years was 66%. This figure at 5 years was 55%. After wide excision and reconstruction in tumors of expendable, femoral or radial bones good functional results were obtained in all cases. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Systemic chemotherapy using cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil for inoperable gallbladder cancer

We report a case of advanced gallbladder cancer in a 37-year-old man who presented in June 1993 with malignant obstructive jaundice. After percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and several diagnostic imaging examinations, the patient underwent laparotomy under a diagnosis of extremely advanced gallbladder cancer involving the confluence of the hepatic ducts. The tumor, however, was judged to be unresectable because of its massive spread into the liver along Glisson's sheath, and because of histologically proven peritoneal dissemination. After exploratory laparotomy, one course of anticancer chemotherapy (cisplatin, 100 mg/body IV, on day 1, and 5-fluorouracil, 1000 mg/body, on days 1–5, by continuous infusion) was administered and the completely obstructed hepatic duct was dramatically re-canalized. Four courses of chemotherapy were administered over a 16-month period until jaundice recurred. For these 16 months, the patient's quality of life was well maintained without biliary drainage. He died of increased peritoneal dissemination approximately 2 years after the first course of anticancer chemotherapy.     

The chemotherapy of posterior Fossa tumors in childhood

Conventional therapy for brain tumors, consisting of neurosurgical intervention and radiotherapy, has not resulted in the successes achievable in other childhood malignancies. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy, well defined in many childhood cancers, has not yet contributed significantly to the treatment of children with brain tumors. Chemotherapy of recurrent tumors has produced regressions but no cures. The most active agents identified to date in the treatment of recurrent posterior fossa tumors include cisplatinum, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. Future efforts will need to focus on the rational selection of drugs for study in limited agent histology-stratified phase II trials, with advancement of active agents into large randomized phase III adjuvant therapy trials.     

人HLA半相合混合脐血在SCID小鼠移植的实验研究

目的：探讨不同供者来源脐血混合移植的可行性和植入特性。方法：分别将两份人HLA半相合混合脐血或单份脐血输入经亚致量照射后的严重联合免疫缺陷（SCID）小鼠，观察两组脐血在SCID小鼠体内的植入状况及多系造血重建特性。结果：混合脐血和单份脐血移植均可在受鼠体内植入，形成供－受混合嵌合体，并能重建多系造血，存活率和植入率无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。用多聚酶链反应－序列特异性寡核苷酸（PCR－SSO）探针检测人HLA－DQB1基因发现，HLA半相合混合脐血移植可有1份或2份脐血植入，其中造血祖细胞含量和体外克隆形成能力高者，更易于植入，造血重建特性与单一脐血移植比较无统计学意义。结论：HLA半相合人混合脐血可同时在SCID小鼠体内植入，形成来自供－受三者的多嵌合状态，并能重建造血及免疫功能。     

FE复合酶防治烧伤后期肉芽创面感染的临床观察

目的观察FE复合酶控制烧伤后期肉芽创面常见耐药菌感染的作用。方法选取笔者单位烧伤患者30例,随机分为治疗组15例,将FE复合酶50 ml溶于等渗盐水0-150 ml中,使其终浓度为1-3 U/ml,用无菌纱布浸湿该液后湿敷创面,1-2次/d;对照组15例,用庆大霉素+ 等渗盐水纱布湿敷创面,1-2次/d。于用药前及用药后1-5 d取创面分泌物作细菌培养,检测两组患者创面的细菌种类及所用药物对创面细菌的敏感率;观察两组患者创面愈合时间及植皮术后3、5、 8、10、12 d的创面愈合率。结果两组患者创面细菌以铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)为主。治疗组对MRSA、表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌的敏感率分别为93．8％、100．0％、100．0％、100．0％、100．O％、95．0％,高于对照组的17．6％、31．3％、28．6％、44．0％、33．3％、28.0％(P<0．01)。治疗组植皮术后创面愈合时间为(10．6±1．5)d,明显短于对照组[(15．3±1．7)d,P<0．01]。治疗组患者植皮术后各时相点创面愈合率均明显高于对照组(P<0．01),植皮术后10 d治疗组创面愈合率为(85．4±2．4)％,与对照组(51．3±1．5)％比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。结论 FE复合酶可以有效控制创面感染,提高烧伤后期感染创面植皮成功率。     

MANAGEMENT OF SEMINOMA OF THE TESTIS: RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON TREATMENT RESULTS

Background : The results of management of seminoma of the testis at the Department of Radiation Oncology St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney were evaluated retrospectively to: (i) establish that outcomes were in keeping with published results from centres in Australia and overseas; (ii) assess the impact of chemotherapy on management; and (iii) to determine ‘best practice’ management protocols based on our results and a review of the relevant literature. Methods : (i) Assessment of treatment results for stage I and II seminoma of the testis treated by post-orchidectomy radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy at St Vincent's Hospital between 1979 and 1993; (ii) literature review of published data from Australian and overseas centres on the management of seminoma of the testis, and in particular the use of surveillance or chemotherapy either alone, at time of relapse or combined with radiotherapy; and (iii) development of recommendations for use as management protocols in our department. Results : Our data and a review of the literature suggest that post-orchidectomy radiotherapy with chemotherapy for relapse in stage I and IIA disease results in long-term cure rates approaching 100%. Treatment with chemotherapy either routinely or selectively or using a surveillance policy is unlikely to show any improvement in outcome and may be less cost-effective and/or produce increased morbidity and the risk of secondary leukaemia. For stage IIB disease (5–10 cm) the use of initial combination chemotherapy with or without subsequent radiotherapy did not appear to give better outcomes than initial radical radiotherapy alone, reserving chemotherapy or further radiotherapy for relapse. For bulkier stage IIB disease (> 10cm). the use of initial chemotherapy plus consolidation radiotherapy appeared to be an appropriate treatment. Conclusions : Management protocols for seminoma of the testis at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney Department of Radiation Oncology currently are (i) stage I, IA and IIB (5–10 cm): post-orchidectomy radiotherapy alone with chemotherapy or further radiotherapy for relapse; and (ii) stage IIB (> 10 cm) disease: initial chemotherapy post-orchidectomy followed by radiotherapy to sites of initial disease involvement.