压力性损伤居家老年患者医院-社区-家庭三元联动护理实践

总结压力性损伤居家老年患者医院-社区-家庭三元联动护理实践经验。护理要点包括：明确医院及社区职责,成立医院-社区联动护理合作团队,加强组织管理;加强社区医护人员培训,提高伤口管理能力;制订压力性损伤居家老年患者评估记录单,提高社区医护人员伤口评估能力;及时会诊,指导社区医护人员进行伤口管理;建立医院-社区双向转诊,实施分级治疗;加强多学科协作,促进伤口愈合;开展延续性居家护理,提高患者及其照护者配合治疗、护理的依从性。经医院-社区-家庭三元联动护理,30例压力性损伤居家老年患者中,治愈26例,好转4例,治愈率达86.67%。     

Caspase-6 activity predicts lower episodic memory ability in aged individuals

Caspase-6 (Casp6), a cysteinyl protease that induces axonal degeneration, is activated early in Alzheimer Disease (AD) brains. To determine whether Casp6 activation is responsible for early cognitive impairment, we investigated the abundance of Casp6 activity, paired helical filament–1 (PHF-1) phosphorylated Tau and amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) pathology by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampal formation of aged non–cognitively impaired (NCI) individuals. Casp6 activity was restricted to the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and CA1 regions of the hippocampus. Pathology scores were then correlated with cognitive scores obtained within 1 year of death. Regression analyses revealed that ERC and CA1 Casp6 activity were the main contributor to lower episodic memory performance, whereas ERC PHF-1 pathology predicted lower semantic and working memory performance. Aβ did not correlate with any of the cognitive tests. Because Casp6 activity and PHF-1 pathology are intimately associated with AD pathology and memory decline is an early event in AD, we conclude that Casp6 activity and PHF-1 immunoreactivity in ERC identifies aged individuals at risk for developing AD.     

老年骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折治疗方法的研究进展

股骨远端骨折是老年骨质疏松性下肢骨折常见的类型。由于这类患者多存在骨质疏松、骨折粉碎、全身情况不良等特点,临床治疗面临挑战。随着对该类骨折认识的深入以及内固定器械的发展和手术技术的进步,更多新的治疗方法逐渐得到应用。笔者对近年该类骨折手术入路、固定方式选择、假体置换及抗骨质疏松治疗等方面的最新进展进行综述,为老年骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折的临床治疗提供参考。     

Sleep,sedentary activity,physical activity,and cognitive function among older adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2014

ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the association of sleep, sedentary activity and physical activity with cognitive function among older adults, with consideration of the competing nature between variables of activity status.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsA total of 3086 older adults (60 years or older) in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure self-reported time for sedentary activity, walking/bicycling and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Cognitive function was examined using the CERAD Word Learning subtest (memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (executive function/processing speed), and Animal Fluency Test (language). Sleep duration was obtained via interview. Isotemporal substitution models using multivariable linear regression were applied to examine the associations of replacing sleep, sedentary activity, walking/bicycling, MVPA with each other and cognitive function, stratified by sleep duration per night (≤7 h, >7 h).ResultsAmong participants with sleep duration ≤7 h/night, replacing 30 min/day of sedentary activity with 30 min/day of MVPA or 30 min/day was associated with better cognition. Among participants with sleep duration >7 h/night, replacing 30 min/day of sleep with 30 min/day of sedentary activity, walking/bicycling, or MVPA was associated with better cognition.ConclusionsReplacing sedentary activities with MVPA was associated with favorable cognitive function among older adults sleeping no longer than 7 h/night, and replacing excessive sleep with sedentary or physical activities was associated with favorable cognition. Future research is expected to examine the associations of replacing different activity status on long-term cognitive outcomes in longitudinal studies.     

Mitral annular calcification in the elderly – Quantitative assessment

PurposeTo determine the reliability of subjective and objective quantification of mitral annular calcification (MAC) in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis, to define quantitative sex- and age-related reference values of MAC, and to correlate quantitative MAC with mitral valve disease.MethodsIn this retrospective, IRB-approved study, we included 559 patients (268 females, median age 81 years, inter-quartile range 77–85 years) with severe aortic stenosis undergoing CT. Four independent readers performed subjective MAC categorization as follows: no, mild, moderate, and severe MAC. Two independent readers performed quantitative evaluation of MAC using the Agatston score method (Agatston_MAC). Mitral valve disease was determined by echocardiography.ResultsSubjective MAC categorization showed high inter-reader agreement for no (k ?= ?0.88) and severe MAC (k ?= ?0.75), whereas agreement for moderate (k ?= ?0.59) and mild (k ?= ?0.45) MAC was moderate. Intra-reader agreement for subjective MAC categorization was substantial (k ?= ?0.69 and 0.62). Inter- and intra-reader agreement for Agatston_MAC were excellent (ICC ?= ?0.998 and 0.999, respectively), with minor inconsistencies in MAC involving the left ventricular outflow tract/aortic valve. There were significantly more women than men with MAC (n ?= ?227, 85% versus n ?= ?209, 72%; p ?< ?0.001), with a significantly higher Agatston_MAC (median 597, range 81–2055 versus median 244; range 0–1565; p ?< ?0.001), particularly in patients ≥85 years of age. Agatston_MAC showed an area-under-the-curve of 0.84 to diagnose mitral stenosis, whereas there was no association of Agatston_MAC with mitral regurgitation (p ?> ?0.05).ConclusionsOur study in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis shows that quantitative MAC scoring is more reliable than subjective MAC assessment. Women show higher Agatston_MAC scores than men, particularly in the elderly population. Agatston_MAC shows high accuracy to diagnose mitral stenosis.     

基于Watson关怀理论的护理干预在老年代谢综合征患者中的应用

目的:探讨基于Watson关怀理论的护理干预在老年代谢综合征(MS)患者中的应用效果。方法:采用便利抽样法,纳入2017年6月—2019年6月山西省人民医院全科医疗科收治的118例MS患者作为研究对象,根据纳入时间将患者分为观察组(2018年7月—2019年6月,n=54)和对照组(2017年6月—2018年6月,n=64)。对照组予以常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上予以基于Watson关怀理论的护理干预。干预前和干预6个月后,评估两组治疗依从性、实验室指标(空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、收缩压)、疾病感知情况、主观幸福感。结果:干预前两组治疗依从性、实验室指标、疾病感知得分、主观幸福感得分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预6个月后,观察组治疗依从性,主观幸福感,疾病感知的个人控制、治疗控制、疾病一致维度得分高于对照组,空腹血糖,糖化血红蛋白,总胆固醇,收缩压,疾病病程、感知后果、疾病周期、情绪控制维度得分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于Watson关怀理论的护理干预应用于老年MS患者效果良好,对其主观幸福感和疾病感知情况均产生积极影响。     

The usefulness of a combination of age,body mass index,and blood urea nitrogen as prognostic factors in predicting oxygen requirements in patients with coronavirus disease 2019

IntroductionRisk factors for seriously ill coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients have been reported in several studies. However, to date, few studies have reported simple risk assessment tools for distinguishing patients becoming severely ill after initial diagnosis. Hence, this study aimed to develop a simple clinical risk nomogram predicting oxygenation risk in patients with COVID-19 at the first triage.MethodsThis retrospective study involved a chart review of the medical records of 84 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021 at ten medical facilities. The patients were divided into requiring no oxygen therapy (non-severe group) and requiring oxygen therapy (severe group). Patient characteristics were compared between the two groups.We utilized univariate logistic regression analysis to confirm determinants of high risks of requiring oxygen therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19.ResultsThirty-five patients ware in severe group and forty-nine patients were in non-severe group. In comparison with patients in the non-severe group, patients in the severe group were significantly older with higher body mass index (BMI), and had a history of hypertension and diabetes. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in the severe group. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, higher BMI, and higher BUN levels were significantly associated with oxygen requirements.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that age, BMI, and BUN were independent risk factors in the moderate-to-severe COVID-19 group. Elderly patients with higher BMI and BUN require close monitoring and early treatment initiation.     

LiDCOrapid监测下目标导向血流动力学管理对老年胃肠手术患者术后转归的影响

目的 观察LiDCOrapid监测下目标导向血流动力学管理对老年胃肠手术患者术后转归的影响。方法 选择2018年2月至2019年7月入住安徽中医药大学第一附属医院的90例胃肠手术患者,采用随机数字表法分为LiDCOrapid监测下目标导向血流动力学管理组（L组）与经验麻醉组（E组）,每组45例。L组采用LiDCOrapid监护仪监测心脏指数（CI）、每搏量变异率（SVV）,以SVV（≤ 12%）、CI[≥ 2.5 L/（min·m²）]、平均动脉压（维持在基础值±20%）为目标,调整补液和心血管药物的使用;E组仅凭医师临床经验实施血流动力学管理。记录术中血流动力学相关指标,以及术后恢复和相关并发症发生情况。结果 L组患者术中液体输注总量为（859.16±178.61）mL、尿量为（257.83±149.22）mL,均少于E组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。L组患者术后拔管时间和麻醉苏醒室留观时间分别为（25.29±10.63）min和（40.44±10.12）min,短于E组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。L组患者术后首次通气时间、住院时间分别为（4.35±1.47）d和（11.91±1.89）d,均短于E组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。L组患者术后第24小时血乳酸为（0.86±0.29）mmol/L,低于E组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 LiDCOrapid监测下的目标导向血流动力学管理,能够减少老年胃肠手术患者术中输液总量,加快术后胃肠功能恢复,缩短住院时间。     

Impact of Cardiovascular Interventions on the Quality of Life in the Elderly

INTRODUCTION

The elderly population is growing rapidly. Political and socio-economic changes led to the demographic transition in this population with the highest number of surgeries and as well as many comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of cardiovascular intervention on quality of life of elderly patients after three and six months.

METHODS

Analytical prospective cohort study with elderly between 60 and 80 years of age, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and underwent cardiovascular intervention during the period June 2010 to June 2011. Data were collected by individual interviews in the pre and postoperative periods (after three and six months) by telephone. We used the SF-36 to analyse quality of life in order to assess the physical and mental health of the study population.

RESULTS

Of the 44 individuals evaluated, 59.1% were men, 75% in the range of 65 to 74 years, 38.6% were white and 38.6% were black, 31.8% were uneducated, 43.2% were married and 68.2% had less than a minimum wage. Prevailed patients: non-diabetics (68.2%), non-obese (81.8%), hypertensive (84.1%), non-alcoholic and non-smokers (68.2% and 61.4%, respectively). A significant increase in the average of the SF-36 scores between pre and post-surgical periods (three and six months) for the domains: functional capacity, pain, general health, vitality and emotional aspect.

CONCLUSION

The elderly population undergoing intervention may have cardiovascular benefits and improvements of quality of life. Physical fitness improvement measures can be taken to resume that capability.