山东省实施儿童风疹疫苗免疫后风疹发病年龄变化趋势的分析

目的分析山东省自1995年开始实施儿童风疹疫苗免疫后风疹发病年龄的变化趋势。方法对1999—2004年通过麻疹疫情专报系统得到的风疹疫情资料以及风疹疫苗接种情况进行分析。结果1999—2004年山东省风疹年平均报告发病率为0．59／10万，多为暴发（占总病例数的81．17％）；发病主要集中在7～15岁学龄儿童（77．77％），7岁以下发病较少（占7．93％），发病年龄中位数分别为10．37岁、11．66岁、11．41岁、12．81岁、14．28岁和13．96岁，发病高峰年龄逐年后移，成人发病有所增加；学龄前儿童风疹疫苗基础免疫估算接种率约为60％，学龄儿童约为20％。结论风疹发病年龄后移，将威胁育龄期妇女，增加发生先天性风疹综合征的危险性；应在继续做好儿童风疹免疫的同时，积极开展育龄期妇女风疹抗体筛查及疫苗接种工作。     

宜宾市不同年龄段妇女阴道炎的病原生物分析

目的：探讨不同年龄段女性阴道炎的病原生物分布及特征。方法：对妇科门诊413例阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物进行常规分析、革兰染色镜检、支原体和衣原体检测,并同时进行唾液酸酶试验。结果：413例患者中,细菌感染112例（27.1％）,支原体感染72例（17．4％）,霉菌感染48例（11.6％）,沙眼衣原体感染30例（7．3％）,滴虫感染15例（3．6％）,G^-双肾形球菌感染14例（3．4％）,细菌、霉菌和滴虫中二者或二者以上混合感染23例（5．5％）。各年龄组间,霉菌和滴虫感染率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。小于23岁和大于53岁年龄组妇女细菌感染率明显高于其它年龄组（P〈0．05）。28～37岁年龄段妇女支原体和衣原体感染率显著高于18-27和38-57年龄段（P〈0．05）。结论：细菌是妇女阴道炎的首要病原体,尤其是小于23岁和大于53岁年龄组妇女。支原体和衣原体的感染者主要是28～37岁年龄段妇女．     

上海地区216例青少年年龄与颈椎骨成熟度关系的研究

目的:探讨青少年年龄与颈椎骨成熟度间的相关性。方法:采用双盲法,对216例10～20岁青少年的X线头颅侧位定位片,采用SAS6.12统计软件分析C2～C5颈椎体生长发育的状态,与年龄间的相互关系以及性别间有无差异。结果:随着年龄增长,C2～C5颈椎骨形态呈规律性变化,女性比男性约提前2a,在11岁和12岁年龄段有统计学差异,但形态变化无性别差异。青春快速生长发育期的开始时间和高峰期时间,个体差异大。结论:用头颅侧位片观察颈椎骨的形态变化判断儿童的生长发育状态,比用年龄来判断快速生长期更为准确,是临床上简便可行的方法。     

Age at menopause in India: A systematic review

Background and aimsMenopause is a physiological process in nature and hence, variations in the age of menopause are not expected. Hence, the study was conducted with an objective to calculate the reliable estimates of age at menopause for India, and understand the differentials in women’s age at menopause throughout the country.MethodsA total of 202 studies of age at menopause, covering the period 2009–2020, were accessed from PubMed database and Google. Of these only ten studies met the selection criteria for this paper, which is that the data for these studies must be collected from house-to-house surveys.ResultsThe average age at menopause in India, with minimal publication bias, is 46.6 years (95% CI: 44.83, 48.44). In one study slightly above 1.96 Standard Deviation, was observed, as ascertained by Funnel Plot and Egger’s test. The mean age ranged from a minimum of 44.69 years (95% CI: 35.01, 54.37) to a maximum of 48.95 (95% CI: 42.29, 55.61) years. Furthermore, the age at menopause did not exhibit any significant variation by age at menarche, although the association was positive.ConclusionsThe age at menopause showed positive association with age at menarche. In India, during the period 2009–2020, it was 46.6 years, which significantly lower than the age in some developed countries. The differences may be methodological since no information was found regarding the distribution of age at menopause in the studies that were considered for meta-analysis.     

不同年龄阶段儿童支原体肺炎合并细菌感染MSCT平扫图像征象研究

目的 对不同年龄阶段儿童支原体肺炎合并细菌感染MSCT平扫图像征象进行研究.方法 收集2017年1月至2019年4月在我院临床治疗后证实为支原体肺炎合并细菌感染的儿童患者86例的临床资料.按照年龄阶段<1岁、1～3岁、>3岁分为三组.观察三组患儿的临床表现、影像学结果和肺部受累情况.结果 湿啰音和高热是出现于三岁以下的...     

Knowledge of the patient as decision‐making power: staff members' perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in challenging situations in psychiatric inpatient care

Challenging situations in psychiatric inpatient settings call for interprofessional collaboration, but the roles and responsibilities held by members of different professions is unclear. The aim of this study was to describe staff members' perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in the context of challenging situations in psychiatric inpatient care. Prior to the study taking place, ethical approval was granted. Focus group interviews were conducted with 26 physicians, ward managers, psychiatric nurses, and nursing assistants. These interviews were then transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results described participants' perceptions of shared responsibilities, profession‐specific responsibilities and professional approaches. In this, recognising knowledge of the patient as decision‐making power was understood to be a recurring theme. This is a delimited qualitative study that reflects the specific working conditions of the participants at the time the study was conducted. The findings suggest that nursing assistants are the most influential professionals due to their closeness to and first‐hand knowledge of patients. The results also point to the possibility of other professionals gaining influence by getting closer to patients and utilising their professional knowledge, thus contributing to a more person‐centred care.