Laryngeal reconstruction by platysma myofascial flap after vertical partial laryngectomy

BACKGROUND: Many methods of glottic reconstruction have been described for patients undergoing vertical partial laryngectomy to reestablish the glottic integrity. METHODS: Fifteen patients with T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis were included in this prospective clinical trial. All patients were treated by vertical partial laryngectomy with laryngeal reconstruction by platysma myofascial flap. The surgical procedure and flap design were described. Vocal function was assessed by videolaryngostroboscopy and subjective and objective voice analysis before and after surgery. RESULTS: Complete neoglottic closure and acceptable voice quality were obtained by platysma myofascial flap in all cases. No statistically significant difference was found between the preoperative and postoperative acoustic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Platysma myofascial flap provides the basic requirements for laryngeal reconstruction with its own favorable characteristics and also allows complete glottic closure without interfering with respiration and deglutition. This technique may be an effective alternative achieving an acceptable quality of voice.     

全身垂直振动对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠血清和骨组织碱性磷酸酶水平的影响

目的:观察全身垂直振动对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠血清和骨组织碱性磷酸酶水平的影响。方法:将36只3月龄雌性SD大鼠按体重分层后随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止和去卵巢振动三组。去卵巢10周后,去卵巢振动组每天进行2次全身垂直振动治疗,振动频率90 Hz,时间15 min。治疗7周时,采用双能Χ线骨密度仪检测各组大鼠左侧离体股骨骨密度,用721分光光度计检测血清和右侧股骨远端碱性磷酸酶水平。结果:与假手术组比较,去卵巢静止组血清碱性磷酸酶水平显著增加,股骨远端碱性磷酸酶水平以及离体股骨近端和远端的骨密度显著下降,而离体股骨中段骨密度无显著变化。与去卵巢静止组比较,去卵巢振动组离体股骨远端碱性磷酸酶水平以及股骨近端和远端骨密度显著增加,而血清碱性磷酸酶水平和离体股骨中段骨密度无显著变化。结论:全身垂直振动可能通过增加骨组织碱性磷酸酶水平改善去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的骨密度。     

Studies on the integration of hepatitis B virus DNA sequence in human sperm chromosomes

Aim: To study the integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA into sperm chromosomes in hepatitis B patients and the features of its integration. Methods: Sperm chromosomes of 14 subjects (5 healthy controls and 9 HB patients, including 1 acute hepatitis B, 2 chronic active hepatitis B, 4 chronic persistent hepatitis B, 2 HBsAg chronic carriers with no clinical symptoms) were prepared using interspecific in vitro fertilization between zona-free hamster oocytes and human spermatozoa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to sperm chromosome spreads was carried out with biotin-labeled full length HBV DNA probe to detect the specific HBV DNA sequences in the sperm chromosomes. Results: Specific fluorescent signal spots for HBV DNA were seen in sperm chromosomes of one patient with chronic persistent hepatitis B. In 9(9/42) sperm chromosome complements containing fluorescent signal spots, one presented 5 obvious FISH spots and the others 2 to 4 signals. The fluorescence intensity showed significant diffe     

右腋下小切口部分型心内膜垫缺损修补术——6例报告

目的　报道经右侧腋下小切口 ,修补部分型心内膜垫缺损的手术方法及结果。　方法　1997年 11月至 2 0 0 0年 1月 ,6例部分型心内膜垫缺损患者经右侧腋下小切口 ,完成了二尖瓣成形 (心脏跳动下观察二尖瓣返流情况及成形效果 )加Ⅰ孔房缺修补术。其中 1例解剖性单心房 ,1例过渡型心内膜垫缺损。 6例均有二尖瓣前叶裂 ,其中 3例合并二尖瓣中度关闭不全 ,1例重度关闭不全 ,1例三尖瓣中度关闭不全。　结果　切开长度 (8 3± 1 3)cm ,循环阻断时间 (32 8± 8 3)分钟 ,体外循环时间 (6 6 0± 9 0 )分钟。 1例术后二尖瓣仍有少 -中量返流 ,其余患者二尖瓣关闭良好 ,无房水平残余分流。 6例均顺利康复出院。术后随访 (1 1± 0 7)年 ,患者心功能良好 ,无死亡及并发症。　结论　经右侧腋下小切口行部分型心内膜垫缺损修补术 ,是一种安全、微创的手术方法。其中心脏跳动下观察二尖瓣返流情况 ,可为瓣膜成形提供可靠依据。     

妊娠中晚期口服替诺福韦酯阻断HBV垂直传播的有效性及安全性

目的探讨感染HBV的妊娠中晚期孕妇口服替诺福韦酯（TDF）阻断HBV母婴垂直传播的有效性及安全性。 方法从已拒绝终止妊娠及接受TDF抗病毒治疗的孕妇中纳入研究对象共计100例,包括分别于妊娠第20周、第24周、第28周、第32周及第36周开始接受TDF抗病毒治疗的5个治疗组的孕妇各20例;从拒绝接受TDF抗病毒治疗的感染HBV的孕妇中纳入20例设为对照组。 结果治疗组孕妇分娩前HBV DNA水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（t =－8.737、P < 0.001）。治疗组孕妇分娩前HBV DNA水平在孕24周和28周差异无统计学意义（t =－0.911、P = 0.368）。治疗组胎儿出生后48周检测HBsAg、HBV DNA阳性率均为0%。治疗组孕妇均未出现明显的药物不良反应,其所产婴幼儿均无出生缺陷及相关并发症。 结论孕28周前口服TDF抗病毒治疗能够有效且安全地阻断HBV的母婴垂直传播。     

喉部分切除术与氩气刀治疗早期喉癌的并发症比较研究

目的 比较垂直喉部分切除术与支撑喉内窥镜下氩气刀微创治疗早期声门型喉癌的并发症发生情况.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年5月该院收治的早期喉癌32例(声门型,T1～T2N0M0),根据治疗方式的不同分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组14例为采用支撑喉内窥镜下氩气刀切除术的病例,对照组18例为采用传统喉垂直部分切除术的病例.两组病例均于出院后定期随访,观察记录切口感染、咽瘘、喉瘘、吸入性肺炎、肉芽增生、喉瘢痕狭窄、肿瘤复发等常见并发症的发生情况.结果 治疗组与对照组相比,切口感染、咽瘘、喉瘘、吸入性肺炎、肉芽增生、喉瘢痕狭窄等常见并发症发生率明显降低,其术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.48,P＜0.05).肿瘤复发情况差异无统计学意义(x2=2.00,P＞0.05).结论 支撑喉内窥镜下氩气刀切除术对早期喉癌的治疗较传统的垂直部分切除术具有损伤小、并发症少、恢复快的优点.     

护理干预在面神经垂直梳理术治疗半面痉挛中的效果观察

目的:探讨护理干预对面神经垂直梳理术治疗半面痉挛患者的效果。方法:选择面神经垂直梳理术治疗的半面痉挛患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组进行护理干预,比较2组患者的面神经功能及焦虑抑郁情绪。结果:对照组患者面神经功能Ⅰ级占37.50%,观察组面神经功能Ⅰ级占57.50%,2组患者面神经功能差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。干预前2组患者焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表评分差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后2组患者2项评分均较护理前明显降低（P<0.01）,且观察组2项评分均较对照组降低更显著（P<0.01）。结论:对面神经垂直梳理术治疗半面痉挛患者进行护理干预可有效缓解患者焦虑和抑郁情绪,有助于改善疗效,值得推广应用。     

Detection of vertical root fractures using digitally enhanced images: reverse‐contrast and colorization

Abstract – Root fracture diagnosis is a clinical difficulty that in most cases can only be detected through radiography. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two types of digitally enhanced images (reverse‐contrast and colorization) with original digital radiographies in detecting experimental root fractures. Two hundred extracted single‐rooted human teeth were endodontically instrumented and then divided in two groups, one control group and one test group, including fractured teeth. Vertical root fractures were experimentally made in the fractured group. The digital image of each tooth was taken, using the paralleling technique. There were three groups of images: (i) original, (ii) reverse contrast, and (iii) colorized. Three experienced dental specialists examined the images with no prior knowledge of the distribution of the root fractures. Two‐way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each technique in detecting root fractures. Cohen’s kappa coefficients were calculated to investigate the degree of interobserver agreement. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of original images were 67.4%, 66.7%, and 68%, respectively; these amounts were 61.5%, 61%, and 65.5% in reverse contrast images and 66.4%, 70.7%, and 62% in colorized digital radiography. The original images had the best inter observer kappa coefficients (between 0.45 and 0.55). The results showed that the accuracy of original images is better than reverse contrast and colorized images. Use of reverse‐contrast and colorization digital images in root fracture detection should be regarded as an adjunct to other diagnostic methods not as a highly critical diagnostic aid.     

垂直生长型安氏Ⅱ类1分类拔牙病例矫治前后硬组织的改变

目的研究垂直生长型安氏Ⅱ类1分类青少年与成人硬组织在矫治前后的变化,以期为正畸临床治疗方案的制定和治疗方法提供参考。方法选择38例垂直生长型安氏Ⅱ类1分类拔牙病例,在矫治前后拍摄X线头颅侧位片,对39个硬组织测量指标进行测量,并对青少年与成人矫治前后的变化量进行比较。结果研究对象矫治后ANB角、NA-PA、U1-FH、U1-NA、U1-Ptm、Spr-Ptm、Id-Go等青少年组与成人组的变化差异有统计学意义;Pog-Go、Cd-Go、S-Go、N-Me等都分别有所增加;与青少年组的OP-FH在正畸治疗后的减小相比较,成人组的OP-FH有所增加,成人组的平面发生了顺时针旋转。结论青少年在正畸治疗中表达更多的骨效应,即青少年通过正畸治疗能够更大程度地改善其Ⅱ类骨面型,更有利于其侧貌美观的改善;青少年上颌磨牙的伸长量基本是在有益的范围内,结合下颌升支等后面高的发育,能够使下颌平面、平面发生逆时针旋转,这对于垂直生长型Ⅱ类1分类病例的正畸治疗和面型改善以及治疗效果的稳定是有利的,同时也提示了垂直生长型Ⅱ类1分类错畸形的正畸治疗最佳时间为生长发育时期。     

念珠菌在母婴间垂直传播的流行病学研究

目的：探讨产妇念珠菌感染与其新生儿口腔念珠菌的带菌情况,了解母婴间的垂直传播。方法：对554例某妇婴医院产科经阴道分娩的产妇分娩前的阴道后穹隆分泌物,及其刚出生断脐后新生婴儿口腔分泌物进行真菌分离培养。并采用常规科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基、玉米粉培养基、海藻糖试验、API20C生化鉴定板等进行菌种鉴定。同时对产妇的一般情况进行调查。结果：554例产妇中132例培养出真菌,分离率最高的职业是主妇,占50．76％．而第1胎检出率最高,占92．42％：产前感染率百分比最高的是农民和干部,分别占33．33％和30．00％。分离出的132株真菌中,白念珠菌78株(占分离菌的首位),其次为光滑念珠菌21株;而554例新生儿口腔真菌培养共分离出11株真菌,白念珠菌8株,光滑念珠菌2株,克柔念珠菌1株．阳性率为1．99％。母婴间同时分离出相同念珠菌共11对,为白念珠菌8对,光滑念珠菌2对,克柔念珠菌1对。结论：妊娠末期妇女阴道念珠菌的感染可垂直传播给新生儿,其垂直传播率约为8．33％。预防母亲产前阴道念珠菌感染可降低新生儿念珠菌感染的可能性。