四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的X线及MRI表现

目的：探讨四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的 X 线及 MRI 表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理及 DSA 证实的89例四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形患者的临床、影像资料,其中89例均行 X 线平片检查,33例行 MRI 检查。结果 X 线检查中,骨质及软组织影未见异常者54例(60.7%),软组织异常者14例(15.7%),可见静脉石者30例(33.7%);骨质异常者32例(36.0%),其中伴骨膜反应者13例,皮质破坏16例,髓腔受累者10例,三者均受累者为7例弥漫性病灶。MRI 图像上,病灶呈蜂窝状或海绵状,T1 WI 上呈等低信号者25例(75.8%),低信号5例(15.2%),不均匀稍高信号3例(9.0%);T2 WI 上病灶为不均匀高信号伴低信号分隔,范围及边界显示清楚,其中9例内部可见低信号区伴血管流空影;检出静脉石10例(30.3%),呈低信号;增强后病变不均匀明显强化。骨质异常者18例(54.5%),均可见病灶紧邻骨质或呈半包绕、包绕改变,其中12例髓腔内可见异常信号影,3例为迂曲血管流空影。在15例(45.5%)骨质无改变患者中,3例病灶邻接骨质,余12例病灶与骨间隔以脂肪或肌肉组织。结论四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形可引起邻近骨质的异常,掌握其 X 线及 MRI 表现特征,有助于提高对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断能力。     

双低剂量320排 CT 全脑灌注技术在急性期脑缺血中的应用价值

目的：探讨采用“双低剂量”320排 CT 全脑灌注成像联合 CTA 在急性脑缺血中的可行性及实用价值。方法采用“双低方案”对40例拟诊为急性脑缺血患者行320排 CT 全脑灌注成像联合 CTA 一站式检查。利用软件包处理得到 CTA、4D-CTA、4D-perfusion、Fusion 图像,40例患者均经3.0T MR 行 DWI 作为对照。分析评价 CTA 图像质量、血管狭窄程度及缺血病变位置。结果有脑动脉狭窄或闭塞的患者33例,其中8例经 DSA 证实。CTA 质量达优率为82.5%。CT 灌注成像(CTP)发现297处灌注异常区,其中202处病灶 DWI 证实为脑梗死区,95处 DWI 未见异常：49处 CTP 表现为延迟时间(DLY)、达峰时间(TTP)升高,脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)轻度降低;21处 DLY、TTP 升高,CBF、CBV 正常;25处 DLY、TTP 升高,CBF、CBV 轻度升高。结论“双低剂量”320排 CT 脑灌注联合 CTA 是具有可行性和实用性的,可以准确观察颅内血管形态结构及脑组织梗死前期缺血的状态。     

α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯超选择动脉栓塞治疗血管发育不良性下消化道出血7例

目的 研究α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)胶超选择动脉栓塞治疗血管发育不良(AD)所致下消化道出血的临床安全有效性,评价其远期效果.方法 回顾性分析2013年9月至2015年3月采用NBCA胶超选择动脉栓塞治疗的7例AD所致下消化道出血患者的临床资料、栓塞技术成功率、临床有效性及远期随访结果.结果 7例患者入院前有6～36个月反复便血、失血性贫血、多次输血史,栓塞术前血红蛋白最低38～70 g/L,平均(56.8±12.4) g/L;AD部位在空肠3例,回肠1例,升结肠1例,横结肠肝曲1例,降结肠1例.6例患者1次栓塞成功,1例横结肠血管畸形患者因2支直动脉参与供血,分2次超选择插管栓塞成功.栓塞使用NBCA胶与超液化碘油按1∶2～1∶3比例混合,用量为0.2～0.8 ml,平均(0.48±0.19) ml,技术成功率为100％.栓塞术后所有患者无肠壁缺血事件发生,无其它介入相关并发症;术后1～3 d出院,便血消失.1例慢性肾衰竭患者术后20 d再发出血,临床有效性为85.7％;6例术后随访追踪2～19个月(中位期10.5个月),出血症状消失,无再出血,无器官坏死并发症,远期止血率为100％.结论 NBCA胶超选择动脉栓塞治疗AD所致下消化道出血安全有效,可取得较好的中远期疗效.     

Development of auditory skills after cochlear implantation in children with inner ear malformations

Conclusions: CI improves hearing thresholds and auditory skills in children with most types of inner ear malformations. However, the development of sound detection skills is not as good as it is in children without inner ear malformations. Objectives: To investigate the influence of inner ear malformations on development of auditory skills after cochlear implantation (CI). Methods: Records of 20 children with inner ear malformations who underwent cochlear implantation before 4 years of age and followed up for more than 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Hearing thresholds, the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS), and Meaningful Use of Speech Scale (MUSS) scores before and after CI were analyzed and compared with 20 age-matched deaf children who underwent CI. Results: The children with inner ear malformations showed significant improvements in hearing thresholds and the MAIS and MUSS scores 1 year after CI (p?p?p?相似文献   

The combination of Everolimus with Verapamil reduces ovarian weight and vascular permeability on ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a preclinical experimental randomized controlled study

The efficacy of pathways inhibition and the combined effect of Everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) and Verapamil (CYP3A inhibitor) in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) need to be tested. Therefore, the impact of a leucotriene receptor antagonist, an anticoagulant, a GnRH antagonist as well as Everolimus plus Verapamil (at various doses and days of administration) on an OHSS rat model was tested. Sixty three female Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The control group received saline, while the OHSS group received rec-FSH for four consecutive days. The other five groups received rec-FSH for four days and Montelukast daily, Heparin daily, GnRH antagonist daily, Everolimus plus Verapamil in the last two days (half days group) and Everolimus plus Verapamil (half dose group) daily, respectively. All groups received also hCG at the fifth day. Significantly reduced ovarian weight was observed in the Everolimus plus Verapamil groups (half days and half-dose groups) and the Montelukast group compared to the OHSS group (p?=?0.001 and p?=?0.001, respectively). The vascular permeability was significantly reduced in the Everolimus plus Verapamil group (half dose group) and the GnRH antagonist group compared to the OHSS group (p?p?=?0.011, respectively). However, estradiol and progesterone levels did not differ significantly between the groups. Studying the inhibition of different pathways, we concluded that the co-administration of Everolimus and Verapamil (at half dose) is beneficial for reducing ovarian weight and vascular permeability in an OHSS animal model.     

酪酸梭菌对坏死性小肠结肠炎新生鼠肠损伤的保护作用

目的探讨酪酸梭菌对坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)新生大鼠肠组织血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)及其受体2(VEGFR-2)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及紧密连接蛋白claudin-2表达的影响。方法将出生48 h的SD新生大鼠随机分为模型组,对照组及低、中、高剂量组,每组12只。各组大鼠均以鼠乳代乳品喂养。模型组及低、中、高剂量组定时以缺氧和冷刺激连续3 d,建立NEC模型;低、中、高剂量组在建模的同时分别予酪酸梭菌0.2、0.4、0.8 g/(kg·d)。第4天处死大鼠取肠组织,观察病理变化,免疫组化法检测VEGF、PCNA及claudin-2蛋白表达,RT-PCR法检测VEGFR-2表达。结果各组间的肠组织病理评分差异有统计学意义(P?0.05),模型组病理评分高于低、中、高剂量组及对照组,各干预组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P?0.05);模型组VEGF、VEGFR-2和紧密连接蛋白claudin-2的表达高于各干预组及对照组,各干预组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P?0.05);模型组PCNA表达低于各干预组及对照组,各干预组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P?0.05);各干预组间VEGF、VEGFR-2、PCNA及claudin-2的表达两两比较差异无统计学意义(P?0.05)。结论 NEC新生鼠VEGF、VEGFR-2和紧密连接蛋白claudin-2表达增高,PCNA表达降低;补充酪酸梭菌能作用于这些因子而对新生鼠起保护作用。     

支气管肺发育不良的肺血管发育与肺动脉高压的诊断和治疗相关问题

肺动脉高压( PH)是支气管肺发育不良( BPD)的严重并发症,伴随着高病死率,肺血管发育的异常、肺血管的高反应性及结构的重建是导致PH的病理生理基础,本病临床症状隐匿,与本身肺部疾病难以鉴别,出现症状后诊断往往不可逆,建议具有高危因素的BPD患儿应常规进行筛查。心脏超声是无创、动态监测最常用的检查手段,对治疗效果不佳者行心导管或CT检查排除心血管异常,治疗包括急性阶段的综合治疗和降低肺动脉压力的药物选择,早期诊断、治疗将改善其预后。     

Renal Hemodynamics in AKI: In Search of New Treatment Targets

Novel therapeutic interventions are required to prevent or treat AKI. To expedite progress in this regard, a consensus conference held by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative was convened in April of 2014 to develop recommendations for research priorities and future directions. Here, we highlight the concepts related to renal hemodynamics in AKI that are likely to reveal new treatment targets on investigation. Overall, we must better understand the interactions between systemic, total renal, and glomerular hemodynamics, including the role of tubuloglomerular feedback. Furthermore, the net consequences of therapeutic maneuvers aimed at restoring glomerular filtration need to be examined in relation to the nature, magnitude, and duration of the insult. Additionally, microvascular blood flow heterogeneity in AKI is now recognized as a common occurrence; timely interventions to preserve the renal microcirculatory flow may interrupt the downward spiral of injury toward progressive kidney failure and should, therefore, be investigated. Finally, development of techniques that permit an integrative physiologic approach, including direct visualization of renal microvasculature and measurement of oxygen kinetics and mitochondrial function in intact tissue in all nephron segments, may provide new insights into how the kidney responds to various injurious stimuli and allow evaluation of new therapeutic strategies.     

Regression of Renal Disease by Angiotensin II Antagonism Is Caused by Regeneration of Kidney Vasculature

Chronic renal insufficiency inexorably progresses in patients, such as it does after partial renal ablation in rats. However, the progression of renal diseases can be delayed by angiotensin II blockers that stabilize renal function or increase GFR, even in advanced phases of the disease. Regression of glomerulosclerosis can be induced by angiotensin II antagonism, but the effect of these treatments on the entire vascular tree is unclear. Here, using microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, we compared the size and extension of kidney blood vessels in untreated Wistar rats with those in untreated and angiotensin II antagonist–treated Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rats that spontaneously develop kidney disease with age. The kidney vasculature underwent progressive rarefaction in untreated MWF rats, substantially affecting intermediate and small vessels. Microarray analysis showed increased Tgf-β and endothelin-1 gene expression with age. Notably, 10-week inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system regenerated kidney vasculature and normalized Tgf-β and endothelin-1 gene expression in aged MWF rats. These changes were associated with reduced apoptosis, increased endothelial cell proliferation, and restoration of Nrf2 expression, suggesting mechanisms by which angiotensin II antagonism mediates regeneration of capillary segments. These results have important implications in the clinical setting of chronic renal insufficiency.     

Residual small artery impairment in hypertensive patients with normal albumin–creatinine ratio

Objectives Previous studies have suggested that urine albumin excretion (UAE) mirrors generalized vascular damage; however, it is unclear to which degree UAE mirrors small artery impairment. Design We enrolled 67 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension (EH) during stable antihypertensive therapy. F-R_min, ACR on three non-consecutive morning urine samples, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM) were measured. Results ACR was low (0.39 and 0.30–0.60), but abnormal small artery structure defined as F-R_min?>_?mean?+?2 standard deviations of normotensive value (1.99?+?1?mmHg min/(ml/100?ml)) was present in 45% (n?=?30). The mean F-R_min was 2.89?±?0.09?mmHg min/(ml/100?ml). ACR correlated significantly to PWV (r^2?=^?0.11; p?<?0.05) and pulse pressure (r^2?=^?0.15; p?<?0.001), but not F-R_min and (r^2?=^?0.05, p?=?0.07). Conclusions Abnormal microvascular structure was present even in EH patients with low UAE. ACR correlated to arterial stiffness and not to small artery structure; therefore, UEA did not reflect microvascular damage in this population. ACR and F-R_min thus reflect two distinct types of subclinical organ damage in hypertension.