医学影像交班系统应用效果分析

设计开发骨科适用的医学影像交班系统,采用调查问卷方式比较影像交班和传统手工书写交班方式,评估系统应用效果,结果表明该系统能够提高专科信息化管理水平。     

胃溃疡穿孔修补术在基层医院的应用再探讨

目的探讨胃溃疡穿孔修补术在基层医院的应用。方法回顾性分析我院外科2006年1月—2011年12月47例胃溃疡穿孔行修补术患者的临床资料。结果 47例均进行了穿孔修补术,其中45例行电话和门诊检查随访,随访时间为6个月~36个月,无1例发生癌变。结论在基层医院单纯修补术仍是胃溃疡穿孔的主要手术方法,但是必须严格掌握手术指征,彻底性手术仍不能摒弃,临床医师要权衡利弊选择最佳治疗方案,并严格执行随访制度。     

HPV L1壳蛋白在宫颈病变诊断及随访中的临床意义

目的：探讨宫颈脱落细胞HPV L1壳蛋白检测在宫颈病变诊断及随访中的临床意义。方法：选取2013年1月至2014年6月在温州市中心医院宫颈液基细胞学检查（TCT）诊断≥未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）,HPV病毒基因分型检测高危型HPV阳性276例患者,检测HPV L1壳蛋白在子宫颈病变中表达情况。结果：①HPV L1壳蛋白在低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、ASCUS、非典型鳞状上皮-不除外高度病变（ASC-H）/高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）/鳞状上皮浸润癌（SCC）中的表达率分别是70.09%、55.46%、10.00%,3者间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②HPV L1壳蛋白在组织病理学诊断慢性子宫颈炎（CC）、CINI、CINII-III和SCC中的阳性表达率分别是63.55%、75.32%、21.59%、0.00%,不同组间的HPV L1壳蛋白表达率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。③在高危型HPV基因阳性妇女中,HPV L1壳蛋白联合TCT及单独TCT对诊断组织病理学≥CINII的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是88.89%、46.73%;88.65%、96.20%;71.43%、86%和96.15%、78.32%。④对31例CINI妇女随访1年,结果发现CINI妇女中HPV L1壳蛋白阳性者和HPV L1壳蛋白阴性者相比,1年病变自然消退率高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;HPV L1壳蛋白预测CINI患者病变消退的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.67%、57.89%、57.89%、91.67%。结论：①HPV L1壳蛋白随着子宫颈病变程度增高表达率下降;②在高危型HPV基因阳性妇女中,宫颈脱落细胞HPV L1壳蛋白检测联合TCT比单独TCT预测组织学病理≥CINII有更高的敏感度（88.89% vs 46.73%）和阴性预测值（96.15% vs 78.32%）;③在CINI随访妇女中,HPV L1壳蛋白阳性妇女CINI自然消退率更高,有较高的预测CINI病变消退的敏感度和阴性预测值,值得临床推广。     

Alterations in corneal nerves in different subtypes of dry eye disease: An in vivo confocal microscopy study

PurposeTo evaluate corneal subbasal nerve alterations in evaporative and aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (DED) as compared to controls.MethodsIn this retrospective, cross-sectional, controlled study, eyes with a tear break-up time of less than 10 s were classified as DED. Those with an anesthetized Schirmer's strip of less than 5 mm were classified as aqueous-deficient DED. Three representative in vivo confocal microscopy images were graded for each subject for total, main, and branch nerve density and numbers.ResultsCompared to 42 healthy subjects (42 eyes), the 70 patients with DED (139 eyes) showed lower total (18,579.0 ± 687.7 μm/mmup>2up> vs. 21,014.7 ± 706.5, p = 0.026) and main (7,718.9 ± 273.9 vs. 9,561.4 ± 369.8, p < 0.001) nerve density, as well as lower total (15.5 ± 0.7/frame vs. 20.5 ± 1.3, p = 0.001), main (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 3.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.001) and branch (12.5 ± 0.7 vs. 16.5 ± 1.2, p = 0.004) nerve numbers. Compared to the evaporative DED group, the aqueous-deficient DED group showed reduced total nerve density (19,969.9 ± 830.7 vs. 15,942.2 ± 1,135.7, p = 0.006), branch nerve density (11,964.9 ± 749.8 vs. 8,765.9 ± 798.5, p = 0.006), total nerves number (16.9 ± 0.8/frame vs. 13.0 ± 1.2, p = 0.002), and branch nerve number (13.8 ± 0.8 vs. 10.2 ± 1.1, p = 0.002).ConclusionsPatients with DED demonstrate compromised corneal subbasal nerves, which is more pronounced in aqueous-deficient DED. This suggests a role for neurosensory abnormalities in the pathophysiology of DED.     

经静脉置入埋藏式心律转复除颤器的临床随访

对 1 0例经静脉置入埋藏式心律转复除颤器 (ICD)的恶性室性心律失常患者进行随访 ,观察ICD的治疗效果。男 6例、女 4例 ,年龄 5 6.9± 1 3.3( 30～ 70 )岁。基础心脏病为冠心病 6例、心肌病 3例、先天性长QT综合征 1例。所有患者均经临床证实有室性心动过速或 /和心室颤动。ICD具有多项治疗及信息储存记忆功能。随访时通过体外程控仪调出ICD储存的资料进行分析。结果 :随访 2 9.3± 2 0 .4( 8～ 64)个月 ,7例患者分别接受了抗心动过速起搏、电转复及电除颤治疗。 2例患者因窦性心动过速、阵发性心房颤动 ,ICD给予误治疗。 1例患者术后 3年发生电极断裂。结论 :常规进行随访和设定合适的诊断和治疗参数 ,对保证ICD及时有效的治疗至关重要。     

Carcinoma of the distal and middle bile duct: surgical results,prognostic factors,and long-term follow-up

Background/Purpose

Carcinoma of the distal bile duct is associated with poor prognosis. Surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment. We conducted a retrospective study to identify prognostic factors determining longterm survival.

Methods

From 1990 to 2006, 95 patients with distal and/or middle bile duct carcinoma had resections. Fifty-four patients underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (57%) and 41 patients underwent standard Kausch-Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy (43%). Nine patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy including portal vein resection (9%).

Results

Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 60%, 36%, and 29%, respectively. Five-year survival after R0 resection was 34%, and after R1 resection it was 0%. Four patients died during their hospital stay (4%). Multivariate analysis showed negative resection margins (P = 0.040), lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.036), and portal vein infiltration (P = 0.027) as strong predictors for survival, whereas the location of the tumor (distal bile duct vs middle bile duct) and lymph node status were not identified as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Five-year survival depends strongly on negative resection margins, independent of nodal status. Portal vein resections in patients with portal vein involvement fail to ameliorate long-term survival. Primary tumor site — middle bile duct or distal bile duct — did not determine prognosis.

     

具有自动夺获功能起搏器刺激除极波振幅的影响因素及远期随访

观察刺激除极波 (evokeresponse,ER)振幅及极化电位在远期随访中的稳定性及不同体位对其的影响 ,分析ER振幅与起搏器一般工作参数的关系。对 1996年 12月～ 1998年 12月之间收治的 2 4例埋置了RegencySC +2 40 2L永久起搏器的患者进行 2 .43± 0 .6 2 (2～ 3.5 )年的随访观察。结果 :ER振幅及极化电位在随访期间是稳定的 ,平卧位时ER振幅最低为 8.5 0± 3.0 2mV ,立位时最高达 9.32± 2 .95mV ,两者有统计学差异 ,P <0 .0 5。其他体位之间无差异。极化电位与体位变化无关。 2 / 2 4例分别因极化电位升高、ER振幅降低同时伴极化电位升高 ,而至自动夺获功能不能工作。ER振幅与起搏器一般工作参数无相关性。结论 :ER及极化电位在随访期间是稳定的 ,体位对ER振幅有一定影响 ,个别病例出现ER及 /或极化电位的变化 ,随访时应注意检测     

A practical approach to reporting treatment abandonment in pediatric chronic conditions

Treatment abandonment, the failure to complete therapy that is required for definitive disease control, frequently causes treatment failure for pediatric patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries with chronic conditions, particularly cancer. Other forms of incomplete treatment affecting children in all settings, such as nonadherence and loss to follow‐up, are often confused with treatment abandonment. Unclear definitions of incomplete treatment dramatically affect reported outcomes. To facilitate disease‐specific and cross‐sector analyses, we outline a practical approach to categorize forms of incomplete treatment, present distinct semantic categories with case examples and provide an algorithm that could be tailored to disease‐ and context‐specific needs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:565–570. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.