血清IGFBP-3、PDGF及bFGF联合检测对多囊卵巢综合征患者妊娠结局的预测价值

目的 探究血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)、血小板来源生长因子（PDGF）及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）联合检测对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者妊娠结局的预测价值。方法 选取2021年5月—2022年12月在沧州市中心医院接受治疗的150例PCOS孕妇作为PCOS组,另选取同期在该院产检健康的90例孕妇作为对照组。比较两组血清IGFBP-3、PDGF及bFGF水平;根据PCOS组孕妇的妊娠情况分为妊娠结局良好组119例和妊娠结局不良组31例,统计PCOS患者妊娠结局情况并比较血清IGFBP-3、PDGF、bFGF水平;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清IGFBP-3、PDGF和bFGF对PCOS的预测价值。结果 PCOS组血清IGFBP-3水平低于对照组（P <0.05）,PDGF、bFGF水平均高于对照组（P <0.05）。妊娠结局不良组血清IGFBP-3水平低于妊娠结局良好组（P <0.05）,PDGF、bFGF水平均高于妊娠结局良好组（P <0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清IGFBP-3、PDGF、bFGF水平预测PC...     

急性脑梗死患者血清CTRP-3、D-二聚体、sTREM2水平及相关临床特征与溶栓后出血性转化的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者血清补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3（CTRP-3）、D-二聚体、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体2（sTREM2）水平及相关临床特征与溶栓后出血性转化（HT）的关系。方法 回顾性分析2018年9月—2022年9月在青海省人民医院接受溶栓治疗的120例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据患者溶栓后是否发生HT分为HT组（30例）、非HT组（90例）。比较两组患者的临床资料及血清CTRP-3、D-二聚体、sTREM2水平。采用多因素逐步Logistic回归分析急性脑梗死患者溶栓后发生HT的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,分析急性脑梗死患者溶栓后HT预测模型预测HT发生的价值。结果 HT组心房颤动（以下简称房颤）、大面积脑梗死、入院NIHSS评分≥ 15分占比高于非HT组（P <0.05）,血清CTRP-3水平低于非HT组（P <0.05）,D-二聚体、sTREM2水平高于非HT组（P <0.05）。血清CTRP-3、D-二聚体、sTREM2水平预测急性脑梗死患者溶栓后发生HT的敏感性分别为66.7%（95% CI：0.598,0.756）、70.0%（95% CI：0.607,0.812）、80.0%（95% CI：0.714,0.889）,特异性分别为73.3%（95% CI：0.636,0.821）、86.7%（95% CI：0.778,0.923）、86.7%（95% CI：0.747,0.942）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,房颤［O^R=1.237（95% CI：1.103,1.387）］、大面积脑梗死［O^R=2.338（95% CI：1.292,4.231）］、入院NIHSS评分≥ 15分［O^R=2.087（95% CI：1.231,3.538）］、CTRP-3 ≤ 269.265 μg/L ［O^R=3.006（95% CI：1.508,5.992）］、D-二聚体≥ 2.625 mg/L ［O^R=2.649（95% CI：1.374,5.107）］、sTREM2 ≥ 314.675 ng/L ［O^R=2.328（95% CI：1.411,3.841）］是急性脑梗死患者溶栓后发生HT的危险因素（P <0.05）。根据多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果建立急性脑梗死患者溶栓后HT预测模型,Logit（P） = -33.887 + 0.213×房颤+ 0.849×大面积脑梗死+0.736×入院NIHSS评分+ 1.101×CTRP-3 + 0.974×D-二聚体+ 0.845×sTREM2;ROC曲线分析结果表明,预测模型预测HT发生的敏感性为93.3%（95% CI：0.841,0.991）,特异性为87.8%（95% CI：0.808,0.976）。结论 血清CTRP-3、D-二聚体、sTREM2水平与急性脑梗死患者溶栓后HT有关,预测价值较高,且急性脑梗死患者溶栓后HT预测模型预测HT优于各项指标单独预测。     

Gene therapy of malignant brain tumors: a rat glioma line bearing the herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase gene and wild type retrovirus kills other tumor cells.

Tumor cells infected with a retrovirus vector (VIK) containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene can be selectively killed by treatment with nucleoside analogues, such as ganciclovir. To mediate delivery of the HSV-TK gene to "recipient" tumor cells, "donor" C6 rat glioma cells infected with the VIK vector (C6VIK) were superinfected with wild type Moloney murine leukemia virus (WT Mo-MLV). These modified donor cells (C6VIKWT) produced both wild type retrovirus and the VIK vector. In culture, C6VIKWT cells were 300-fold more sensitive to the toxicity of ganciclovir than were C6VIK cells, suggesting that the presence of wild type retrovirus contributed to the toxicity. Co-culture of C6VIKWT cells with the C6 subline, C6BAG, sensitized the latter to ganciclovir treatment. Nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with a mixture of C6VIKWT and C6BAG cells showed regression of subsequent tumors when treated with ganciclovir. The observations show that tumor cells modified in culture by infection with a retrovirus bearing the HSV-TK gene and wild type retrovirus are not only sensitive to ganciclovir, but can transfer this sensitivity to neighboring "naive" tumor cells in culture and in vivo.     

GD3 expression by cultured human tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin

Summary Seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with ganglioside II³(NeuAc)₂-LacCer (GD3) were generated; four of these mAbs (DMAb-21, DMAb-22, DMAb-23, and DMAb-24) by immunizing mice with GD3 adsorbed to Salmonella minnesota and the remaining three (DMAb-7, DMAb-8, and DMAb-17) with melanoma line SK-MEL 28, which contains 1.4 nmol sialic acid of GD3 per mg protein. The specificities of the mAbs were defined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) immunostain and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SP-RIA) with a panel of purified gangliosides. DMAb-7 and DMAb-8 reacted with GD3, IV³(NeuAc)₂nLcOse₄Cer(3,8-LD1), and very weakly with IV³(NeuAc)₂II³NeuAc-GgOse₄Cer (GTla), but not with II³NeuAc-LacCer (GM3), II³NeuAcGgOse₃Cer(GM2), II³NeuAc-GgOse₄Cer(GM1), II³NeuAc, IV³NeuAcGgOse₄Cer (GD1a), II³(NeuAc)₂GgOse₃(GD2), II³(NeuAc)₂GgOse₄Cer (GD1b), IV³NeuAcII³(NeuAc)₂, GgOse₄Cer(GT1b), suggesting the binding epitope to be a terminal tetrasaccharide NeuAc2-8NeuAc2-3Gal1-4(Glc or GlcNAc). DMAb-7 and DMAb-8 were used to investigate the expression of GD3 on cultured human tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin. Thirteen of 19 gliomas, 3 of 5 medulloblastomas, 5 of 5 neuroblastomas, 2 of 2 melanomas, and 1 of 3 teratomas were shown to react with DMAb-8 and/or DMAb-7 by cell surface-RIA (CS-RIA) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. HPTLC and densitometric analysis confirmed these results, as positive immunostains in the GD3 region were obtained with oligoganglioside fractions from 9 glioma, 1 medulloblastoma, 2 neuroblastoma, 1 melanoma, and 1 teratoma cell line. Glioma cell line U-105 MG and medulloblastoma cell line Daoy contain GD3 as shown by HPTLC immunostain analysis of extracts, although GD3 was undetectable on the cell surface as determined by CS-RIA and IF. There was no detectable GD3 found in gangliosides isolated from cell lines U-373 MG, D-54 MG, TE-671, and PA-1, which were negative for both DMAb-7 and DMAb-8 by CS-RIA and IF assay. Our results provide evidence that GD3 is expressed extensively with significant quantitative heterogeneity on cultured human neuroectodermal tumor cells including glioma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, and melanoma.Supported by NIH grants R37 CA11898, NS 20023, and CA32672 and by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (project no. 03X-627), Swedish Cancer Society (project no. 2260-B88-01X) and the National Swedish Board for Technical Development (project no. 84-4667)     

Giant cell tumor of the scapula

This study reviews the demographic, radiologic, and histologic characteristics of 13 cases of an important primary skeletal neoplasm, giant cell tumor of bone, occurring in an uncommon location, the scapula. that eight of 13 patients presented prior to 20 years of age contrasts significantly with the typical age distribution (between 20–40 years) encountered in giant cell tumors arising in long bones. As it does elsewhere in the skeleton, giant cell tumor of the scapula frequently demonstrates cystic and/or telangiectatic components on histologic examination. The radiologic appearances of giant cell tumor in the scapula and in more typical locations are similar and include: (1) well-defined (geographic) margins, occasionally with a delicate sclerotic rim, (2) prominent trabeculations, (3) expanded bone contour, (4) frequent extension to the subchondral plate, and (5) absence of internal mineralization. Tumor sites within the scapula included: coracoid process, acromion, and body (three cases each); glenoid (two cases); and superior and inferior angles (one case each).The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.     

Primary cerebral neuroblastoma (neurocytoma) in adults

Summary We report a case of a third ventricular neuroblastoma (neurocytoma) in a 66 year old man. A stereotactic needly biopsy was performed to obtain a tissue diagnosis and was followed by total resection. We elected not to give radiation or chemotherapy and to follow the patient closely with serial CT scans. Presently, 48 months postoperatively, the patient is free of tumor by head CT scan and able to live independently. We reviewed the literature of primary cerebral neuroblastomas/neurocytomas occurring in adults (15 years of age) and found 32 cases. Our patient is the oldest of this group with a mean age of 32 ± 14 years (S.D.). The location of the 33 neoplasms was intraventricular in 17 cases (52%) and intraparenchymal in 16 cases. The male to female ratio was 2: 1. Of the 17 patients having a minimal follow-up period of 5 months (mean 51 months), five developed recurrences after 5 to 144 months (mean 50 months) compared to 12 patients without recurrence after a 6- to 72-month follow-up period (mean 52 months). Recurrences occurred statistically significantly more often in parenchymal neuroblastomas/neurocytomas than in intraventricular tumor locations.     

The potential role of lonidamine (LND) in the treatment of malignant glioma

Summary Up-to-date unsatisfactory results obtained in multimodality treatments of malignant glioma have prompted the research of new therapeutic modalities with unconventional modes of action. Lonidamine (LND) is a drug which reduces aerobic glycolytic activity in both human and experimental tumors. This effect mainly depends on the inhibition of mitochondrially-bound hexokinase (HK) which is present in large amounts in malignant cells. A Phase II study was conducted on patients with recurrent glioma; 12 patients were admitted to the study. Clinical side effects were moderate, necessitating a reduction of the dosage in only 1 case. The objective results were evaluated according to the indications of Levin. 2 responders and 3 cases of stable disease were observed out of 10 evaluable patients. The potential value of this new drug is discussed.     

Epidural compression from metastatic tumor with resultant paralysis

To determine the value of the usually given urgent palliative radiotherapy in paraplegic patients with epidural compression from metastatic tumor, 20 consecutive cases treated between 1981 and 1986 were retrospectively analyzed. Bronchogenic and prostatic carcinoma were the more common extraspinal sources of metastasis. Epidural metastasis involved the thoracic spine in most cases. The onset of neurological symptomatology was frequently within two weeks prior to hospitalization. The majority of the subjects received at least 3000 cGy given in 10 to 15 fractions. Symptomatic (pain relief) response rate was 78 (7/9) percent. The observed period of survival averaged 2.5 months after treatment. This study reaffirmed the little chance for recovery of lost limb(s) motor function. None of the patients (most of whom were paraplegic from two to 90 days pre-irradiation) became ambulatory including the two in whom irradiation was administered within 24 hours from the onset of paraplegia.     

Hyperthermic modulation of macrophage-tumor cell interactions

Hyperthermia in the febrile (41° C) or tumor therapeutic (42° C) ranges is known to alter tumor-host interactions: there are reports of either inhibitory or enhancing effects on tumor metastasis and various host defense mechanisms. Historically, this has been an area of conflicting and often anecdotal reports, and there are still significant gaps in our knowledge of the effects of temperature on tumor-host interactions. However, we believe that the tools are now available to further our understanding of the complex relationships between febrile episodes or therapeutically applied heat and various tumor-host cytotoxic mechanisms, and that potentially important and exploitable relationships can be defined. In this review we give an overview of the current status of this field and the factors that have shaped it. We also describe our recent experimental work with macrophages and their monokines, primarily tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which we feel offers new scientific and clinical opportunities for future studies.     

Immunoglobulin mimicry by Hepatitis C Virus envelope protein E2

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes persistent infection in the majority of infected individuals. The currently accepted hypothesis of immune evasion by antigenic variation in hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of glycoprotein E2 does not however, explain the lack of subsequent immune recognition. Here, we show that the N-terminal region of E2 is antigenically and structurally similar to human immunoglobulin (Ig) variable domains. E2 is recognized by anti-human IgG antibodies and also possesses common amino acid (aa) sequence features of the conserved v-gene framework regions of human Ig light chains in particular but also heavy chains and T cell receptors. Using a position specific scoring system, the degree of similarity of HVR1 to Ig types correlated with immune escape and persistence in humans and experimentally infected chimpanzees. We propose a unique role for threshold levels of Ig molecular mimicry in HCV biology that not only advances our concept of viral immune escape and persistent infection but also provides insight into host-dependent disease patterns.