潮气呼吸法支气管舒张试验在5岁以下儿童哮喘诊断中的价值

目的 利用潮气呼吸法对小年龄哮喘患儿进行支气管舒张试验,探讨支气管舒张试验在5岁以下患儿哮喘诊断中的价值.方法 将2006年1月-2007年5月就诊的哮喘患儿246例,根据不同年龄段分为4组,Ⅰ组0～1岁,Ⅱ组～3岁,Ⅲ组～5岁,Ⅳ组～6岁.以0.5%沙丁胺醇作为支气管舒张约物,用潮气呼吸肺功能分析各组吸药前后肺功能指标变化.结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组吸药前后达峰时间比(tPTEF/tE)、达峰容积比(VPEF/VE)差异均无统计学意义(t=0.065～0.179,P＞0.05);Ⅳ组吸药前后tPTEF/tE和VPEF/VE差异均有统计学意义(t=-4.295、5.029,P＜0.05).tPTEF/tE和VPEF/VE吸药前后差值与年龄呈正相关(P＜0.05).随年龄增大,差值逐渐增高.tPTEF/tE改善率和VPEF/VE改善率组问比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 潮气呼吸法支气管舒张试验在5岁以下哮喘患儿诊断中无明确临床价值,对于＞5岁哮喘患儿诊断与成人哮喘相同具有诊断意义.     

Pre and postoperative nurse-guided incentive spirometry versus physiotherapist-guided pre and postoperative breathing exercises in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: An evaluation of postoperative complications and length of hospital stay

Atelectasis is the most occurring postoperative complication after cardiac surgeries. Postoperative respiratory exercises and incentive spirometry led to decrease in postoperative complications, especially atelectasis and hospital stay. The objectives of the study were to evaluate postoperative complications and length of hospital stay of patients who received pre and postoperative nurse-guided incentive spirometry against those of patients who received pre and postoperative breathing exercises by the physiotherapist in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Data of patients who received 2 days preoperative and 2 days postoperative nurse-guided incentive spirometry with a spirometer (PPN cohort, n = 102) or received 2 days preoperative and 2 days postoperative breathing exercises by physiotherapist without spirometer (PPP cohort, n = 105), or 2 days postoperative physiotherapist-guided breathing exercises only without spirometer (PPB cohort, n = 114) were collected and analyzed. The acute or chronic collapse of part or entire lung was defined as atelectasis. The length of stay in the hospital was from the day of admission to discharge. Patients of the PPN cohort had fewer numbers of incidences of atelectasis, dyspnea, and sweating >1 day after operations compared to those of the PPB and the PPP cohorts (P < .05 for all). The partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation of arterial blood ≥6 hours after operations reported higher, the duration of ventilation was shorter, and numbers of re-intubation processes reported fewer for patients of the PPN cohort than those of the PPB and the PPP cohorts (P < .05 for all). The hospital length of the stay of patients in the PPN cohort was fewer than those of the PPB and the PPP (P < .0001 for both) cohorts. Pre and postoperative nurse-guided incentive spirometry with a spirometer following cardiac surgeries would have better postoperative pulmonary outcomes and fewer hospital stays than those of postoperative-only or pre and postoperative physiotherapist-guided breathing exercises (level of evidence: IV; technical efficacy stage: 5).     

Sleep‐disordered breathing in heart failure patients with different etiologies

BackgroundThe prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is closely related to the severity of heart failure (HF), and the severity of HF is different in patients with HF of different etiologies. Hypothesis: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of SDB in patients with HFof different etiologies.MethodsHospitalized HF patients were consecutively enrolled. All patients underwent portable overnight cardiorespiratory polygraphy. Patients were divided into five groups according to the etiology of HF: ischemic, hypertensive, myocardial, valvular, and arrhythmic. The prevalence of SDB and clinical data was compared among the five groups.ResultsIn total, 248 patients were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of SDB in HF was 70.6%, with the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at 47.6% and central sleep apnea (CSA) at 23.0%. Patients were divided into five groups: ischemic, hypertensive, myocardial, valvular, and arrhythmic. The prevalence of SDB among the five groups was 75.3%, 81.4%, 77.8%, 51.9%, and 58.5% (p = .014), respectively. The prevalence of OSA among the five groups was 42.7%, 72.1%, 36.1%, 37.0%, and 49.1% (p = .009), whereas the CSA was 32.6%, 9.3%, 41.7%, 14.8%, and 9.4% (p < .001), respectively.ConclusionsSDB is common in HF patients. The prevalence and types of SDB varied in HF with different etiologies, which may be related to the different severities of HF. SDB was highly prevalent in patients with ischemic, hypertensive, and myocardial HF. Hypertensive HF patients were mainly complicated with OSA, while myocardial HF patients were mainly complicated with CSA. Both conditions were highly prevalent in ischemic HF patients. The prevalence of SDB was relatively low in valvular and arrhythmic HF patients, and OSA was the main type.     

瑜伽呼吸锻炼联合补肺益肾汤对慢性肺源性心脏病患者心脏功能及生活质量的影响

目的 探究瑜伽呼吸锻炼联合补肺益肾汤对慢性肺源性心脏病患者心脏功能及生活质量的影响.方法 选取医院收治的肺心病患者90例,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组45例和观察组45例.对照组给予常规治疗及护理干预,观察组在对照的基础上给予瑜伽呼吸锻炼联合补肺益肾汤,治疗1个月.观察两组患者心功能、肺功能及生活质量等.结果 与干预前...     

自主呼吸试验在机械通气撤机过程中的应用

目的；探讨在终止机械通气后，自主呼吸试验（SBT）时间对成功拔管的作用。方法：采用回顾组与前瞻组对比的方法，回顾组将成功拔管患者按SBT时间不同及病种不同分别对SBT结果进行记录及统计不处理；前瞻组除慢慢阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）采用1－2小时SBT外，其余病种患者均采用30分钟SBT。记录并比较2组的成功率、再插管率，并进行统计学处理。结果：回顾组患者按时间分组显示，拔管成功率无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；若按病种分别计算，COPD1－2小时组成功率要高于30分钟组（P＜0.05），心力衰竭（心衰）患者30分钟组成功率高于3－4小时组（P＜0.05），与1－2小时组比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。前瞻组COPD及心衰组拔管成功率均较回顾组明显提高（P均＜0.05）。结论：应根据不同病种有用不同SBT。COPD患者SBT过短只能了解呼吸肌力，不能了解耐力；而心衰患者SBT过长会增加呼吸功而诱发心衰。     

Faringoplastia de expansión: utilidad de la somnoscopia (DISE)

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was first to present the indications and results using expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty to treat obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). And second, to compare the findings of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) before and after the surgery.Material and methodsThe study design was a prospective cohort of patients surgically treated between 2015 and 2016. All patients were diagnosed with mild to severe obstructive sleep apnoea and did not tolerate CPAP. All had pre- and post-surgery DISE and polysomnography. The inclusion criteria were age, between 18 years and 70 years, small tonsils (sizes 1 and 2), Friedman II and III clinical stage, and lateral collapse in preoperative DISE. We performed surgery to the palate only, using expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty.ResultsSeventeen patients were included, 52.94% had severe OSAHS. Average age was 42 years, average body mass index was 28. The surgical success rate according to Sher criteria was 82.35%. 41.17% had a postoperative apnoea-hypopnoea index of less than 10. Seventy-five percent of the patients had no further need for CPAP.ConclusionExpansion sphincter pharyngoplasty is a safe technique for treating OSAHS, in patients with small tonsils, Friedman grade I and II and collapse of lateral walls in DISE, in the absence of multilevel collapse. The postoperative DISE showed improvement of the lateral collapse was achieved with the expansion.     

An exploratory study of the factors related to mouth breathing syndrome in primary school children

ObjectiveMouth breathing syndrome (MBS) is defined as a set of signs and symptoms that may be completely or incompletely present in subjects who, for various reasons, replace the correct pattern of nasal breathing with an oral or mixed pattern. It is important to identify the relevant factors affecting MBS in order to diagnose its cause since breathing obstructions can result from multiple factors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relevant factors and the interrelationships between factors affecting MBS among children.DesignWe surveyed 380 elementary school children from 6 to 12 years in age. The questionnaire consisted of 44 questions regarding their daily health conditions and lifestyle habits and was completed by the children’s guardians. A factor analysis was performed to classify closely related questions into their respective factors and to examine the strength of the correlation between the newly revealed factors.ResultsTwenty-six out of the 44 questions were selected, and they were classified into seven factors. Factors 1–7 were defined as “Incompetent lip seal”, “Diseases of the nose and throat”, “Eating and drinking habits”, “Bad breath”, “Problems with swallowing and chewing”, “Condition of teeth and gums”, and “Dry lips”, respectively. There were also correlations between these factors themselves.ConclusionMBS was categorized according to 7 major factors. Because Factor 1 was defined as “Incompetent lip seal”, which was representative of the physical appearance of mouth breathers and correlated with other factors, we suggested that MBS should consist of 7 factors in total.