婴幼儿科学喂养与肠道健康

肠道健康很大程度上有赖于稳定的肠道菌群和成熟的免疫状态。膳食因素在维持肠道健康中的作用越来越受到重视。婴幼儿时期科学喂养,如母乳喂养、适时引入固体食物、增加食物多样性、培养良好的饮食习惯将有利于建立成熟稳定的肠道菌群及免疫功能,促进肠道健康。     

恒速滴注法在高龄卧床管饲患者中的应用效果

目的探讨恒速滴注法在高龄卧床管饲患者中的应用效果。方法2010年5月至2011年8月，方便性抽样选择在解放军总医院住院治疗的携带鼻胃管或鼻肠管行胃肠营养的老年患者60例，按入院先后分为观察组和对照组各30例，观察组采用恒速滴注法管饲肠内营养乳剂，对照组采用常规管饲方法即分次推注法，观察并比较两组患者堵管、腹胀、腹泻、反流、误吸等并发症的发生率。结果观察组患者发生堵管、反流及误吸的例数均少于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）；发生腹胀与腹泻的例数与对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论恒速滴注法肠内营养可有效满足高龄长期卧床患者的营养需求，预防和减少并发症的发生，推荐在临床广泛应用。     

How to encourage management of feline obesity in practice

Feline obesity is a disease the veterinary professional encounters on a daily basis, yet we frequently hear that addressing the disease is more challenging in cats than dogs. Furthermore, obesity in companion animals is now recognised as a chronic incurable disease yet the statistics indicate an increasing trend in overweight and obese cats. The multifactorial causes leading to obesity create challenges in how and who addresses the disease with the client in practice. A whole-practice approach is recommended, involving vets, receptionists and nurses to ensure pet owners receive a consistent message. This article aims to provide guidance, practical solutions for the consult room, how to communicate the problem and follow through with support for clients and patients.     

Vestibular myogenic potentials evoked by air-conducted stimuli at safe acoustic intensity levels retain optimal diagnostic properties for superior canal dehiscence syndrome

Background: Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is commonly conducted with air-conducted (AC) stimuli whose intensity may exceed the prudential levels of acoustic exposure in susceptible subjects.

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of AC VEMP for superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) at lowered acoustic stimulation levels.

Material and methods: VEMP was tested in 10 SCDS patients and in 10 age/sex matched control subjects. VEMP were recorded on cervical muscles (cVEMP) and extraocular muscles (oVEMP) in response to short AC tone bursts at 500, 1000 and 2000?Hz delivered at 80?dB nHL (103?dB peSPL). Parameters of interest were the response amplitude and the frequency tuning.

Results: VEMP evoked by AC stimuli at safe acoustic stimulation levels did effectively separate SCDS patients from healthy controls. The separation was optimal at all the frequencies tested, however 500?Hz resulted the best VEMP tuning frequency, especially at oVEMP.

Conclusions: Lowering the AC stimulation to the levels compatible with testing of patients susceptible to acoustic exposure didn’t affect the VEMP diagnostic properties for SCDS.

Significance: SCDS may be screened by VEMP even among subjects susceptible for acoustic exposure.