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101.
急性传染性非典型肺炎的影像表现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨急性传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)的X线表现及变化规律.方法回顾性分析临床诊断SARS的61例患者,对发病后的一系列胸片和CT影像进行统计分析.结果患者以发热为最早起病症状,88.5%患者在起病1周内肺部出现肺局灶性斑片状模糊影,并迅速扩大.2周内病变达高峰,有57.4%患者两肺大部分肺野受累,病情重.83.6%患者在5周内肺部阴影逐渐消散.在恢复期16例CT扫描中,有13例显示肺部遗留纤维化病灶.有6例患者合并感染,病期延长,4例死亡.结论SARS早期出现肺部炎性改变,发展迅速,大部分两肺受累,重症比例高,易致肺纤维化. 相似文献
102.
M. S. Kramer † T. Guo† R. W. Platt † Z. Sevkovskaya‡ I. Dzikovich§ J.-P. Collet † S. Shapiro† B. Chalmers¶ E. Hodnett I. Vanilovich§ I. Mezen†† T. Ducruet† G. Shishko§ N. Bogdanovich§ 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2004,34(5):753-756
BACKGROUND: Frequent infection in infancy and early childhood has been hypothesized to explain the low prevalence of asthma and other atopic disease among children in developing countries (the so-called 'hygiene hypothesis'), but the low prevalence in Eastern Europe remains unexplained. OBJECTIVE: To test the hygiene hypothesis in the Republic of Belarus by examining the relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory infection and two potentially atopic outcomes in the first 12 months of life: atopic eczema and recurrent wheeze. METHODS; We carried out two case-control studies nested within a large (n=17 046) randomized trial in Belarus, with cases defined as (1) first occurrence of atopic eczema (n=819) and (2) second episode of wheezing (n=112). Incidence density sampling was used to select four matched controls born within 1 month at the same hospital as the case. Exposure was defined as one or more episodes of GI or respiratory infection (examined separately) with onset >7 days before onset of the case's atopic outcome. Analyses controlled for family atopic history, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, sex, birth weight, maternal education, and (for recurrent wheeze) maternal smoking. RESULTS: For atopic eczema, prior GI infection occurred in 7.4% of cases vs. 6.0% of controls [adjusted OR=1.27 (0.94-1.72)] and prior respiratory infection in 35.2% vs. 32.6% [adjusted OR=1.14 (95% CI=0.94-1.37)]. For recurrent wheeze, prior GI infection occurred in 9.8% of cases vs. 7.4% of controls [adjusted OR=1.30 (0.60-2.82)]. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that infection protects against atopic eczema or recurrent wheezing in the first 12 months of life. 相似文献
103.
104.
目的:了解精神科住院患者医院感染情况,以利采取切实可行的预防控制措施,降低感染率。方法:对我院两年半间住院患者进行有关医院感染的调查,逐份查阅原始记录,填写统一表格,将所得资料进行相关分析。结果:医院感染72例,感染率为4.75%;感染多发生在20~29岁和30—39岁组:精神分裂症为医院感染例数最多的病种(占68.06%);皮肤及软组织和下呼吸道感染为主要感染部位,分别为23.61%和22.22%;男女两性在年龄和病程方面差异均无显著性。结论:预防及控制精神病患者的医院感染应从病人初入院时即开始;在积极控制精神症状的同时,采取多方面措施,尽可能去除医院感染的易感因素;合理规范使用抗生素,增强患者体质等,这些均有助于预防及控制医院感染。 相似文献
105.
Abstract Closed suction drainage systems are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery, particularly in joint arthroplasty. The rationale
for the use of drains is a theoretical reduction of wound haematomas and infection. However the benefit of using drains after
total hip or knee arthroplasty is controversial. Several reports have shown that the use of drains does not reduce infection
and morbidity and is an unnecessary and potentially dangerous practice. In fact most studies highlighted that at best their
use appears to make no difference to important clinical outcomes. Recently a metaanalysis raised the question about the usefulness
of closed suction drainage again, concluding that it has no major benefits. The purpose of this study was to review the evidences
available concerning the utility of closed suction drainage outlining that this practice is not supported by clinical evidence. 相似文献
106.
目的比较山莨菪碱联合无创正压面罩通气(654-2+NIPPV)和传统机械通气(CMV)治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的临床效果,评估山莨菪碱联合无创正压通气在ARDS治疗中的作用。方法将各种原因所致ARDS患者42例随机分为654-2+NIPPV组(21例)和CMV组(21例),在给予病因治疗同时分别实施654-2+NIPPV和CMV。观察分析两组患者在治疗过程中动脉血气变化、并发症的发生率及治疗效果。结果654-2+NIPPV组有8例(38.1%)治疗失败转为气管插管实行CMV,其中6例(28.6%)死亡。CMV组死亡7例(33.3%),两组病死率无显著差异(P〉0.05)。两组治疗有效的患者在分别接受654-2+NIPPV和CMV治疗后1h和6h动脉血气有相似的显著改善。654-2+NIPPV组患者机械通气时间和住院时间短于CMV组(P〈0.05)。654-2+NIPPV组的并发症发生率低于CMV组(P〈0.05)。结论在经过选择的ARDS患者中,应用654-2+NIPPV治疗的临床效果与CMV相似。实施654-2+NIPPV可缩短机械通气和住院时间,减少并发症。654-2+NIPPV可作为经过选择的ARDS患者首选的通气支持治疗手段。 相似文献
107.
Chlamydial etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in the Sudan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
B Herrmann MAM Salih BE Yousif O Abdelwahab P-A Mårdh 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1994,83(2):169-172
The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in 110 Sudanese children with signs of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) was investigated. Four (3.6%) had evidence of C. pneumoniae infection, of whom 3 were culture-positive, while 1 had an antibody response suggesting a recent infection. IgG antibodies at a titer of ≥1:32 to C. pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis were detected in 27 (24.5%), 27 (24.5%) and 7 (6.4%) of the 110 ALRI cases, respectively. C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis or C. psittaci were not detected in nasopharyngeal secretions from any of 110 patients when fluorescence-labeled specific monoclonal antibodies were used. In a seroepidemiological survey, 318 healthy Sudanese persons aged between 1 month and 67 years were studied for C. pneumoniae antibodies. 相似文献
108.
109.
介绍了我院1993年7月1日~1993年12月20日出院的1031例病人医院感染病率的监测分析,半年中感染率为8.4%,妇产科疗区发病率高于外科疗区,感染部位以泌尿道、下呼吸道、手术伤口为最多,侵袭性操作及易感因素引起的感染在感染病例中分别占40.2%和59.8%。 相似文献
110.
Measurements of respiratory mechanics are frequently made in ventilated infants and children. Esophageal pressure measurements (Pes using a balloon on a catheter have been used to partition the respiratory mechanics into lung and chest wall components. Appropriate positioning of this balloon is crucial to obtain accurate estimates of pleural pressure. Traditionally, in spontaneously breathing subjects the balloon position is assessed with an occlusion test. In ventilated subjects, it is not always possible to perform an occlusion test prior to paralysis, and even if such a test is performed it may not be relevant under conditions of positive pressure ventilation. We have assessed a positive pressure occlusion test that is suitable for paralyzed subjects. By occluding the airway opening and applying gentle pressure to the abdomen or rib cage, positive swings in pressure can be measured by both Pes and airway opening pressure (Pao). We compared traditional occlusion tests measured in 16 spontaneously breathing puppies to the positive pressure occlusion test performed after paralysis. In 2 pups we were unable to obtain a reasonable traditional occlusion test (>15% difference between Pes and Pao) but we obtained 10 traditional occlusion tests in each of the remaining 14 pups (2.1–14 kg). In 11 of these animals Ape, was within 10% of Pao. This compared well to positive pressure occlusion test using abdominal pressure performed after paralysis, where Apes was within 10% of ΔPao in 10 animals. In 9 of these pups occlusion tests were also performed by applying pressure on the rib cage, where ΔPes was within 10% of ΔPao in 6 animals. These results suggest that it is possible to perform accurate occlusion tests in paralyzed subjects by abdominal or rib cage compression with the airway occluded. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:56–62. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献