疮疡灵药效学和毒理学试验研究

为评价疮疡灵的疗效和安全性,我们对该药进行了药效学和毒理学实验研究。结果表明：疮疡灵对巴豆油所致的小鼠耳肿胀和大鼠棉球肉芽肿有明显抑制作用;对鼠屎引起的小鼠背部急性化脓性疮疡有显著治疗效果,与空白对照组比,Ｐ〈０．０５～０．００１。皮肤毒性试验,给兔损伤和正常皮肤用药,损伤者有轻度刺激性,此外未见其它毒副反应。给豚鼠皮肤致敏接触和激发接触无明显致敏反应。     

Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the wound healing of alkali-burned corneas

AIM: To study the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on wound healing in experimental alkali burns of the cornea. METHODS: Twenty-seven albino rabbits, weighing 3.2±0.75 kg were used. Alkali burns were induced on corneas by applying 10 mm Whatman paper No:50 soaked in 1 mol/L NaOH. They have further classified into 5 groups as follows: 1) control group given no treatment (n=5); 2) VIP given subconjunctivally (n=6); 3) VIP injected into anterior chamber (n=6); 4) NaCl 0.9% given subconjunctivally (n=5); 5) NaCl 0.9% given into the anterior chamber (n=5). All treatment protocols except control group were followed by topical eye drops composed of VIP at two hourly intervals for one week from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. RESULTS: VIP treated groups of rabbits with alkali burns were found to have better wound healing findings histo-pathologically when compared to those of control group who have received no treatment on day 30. No differences were observed between groups in respect to degree of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) infiltration and degree of loss of amorphous substrate on day 15. However, PMNL infiltration and degree of loss of amorphous substrate were lower in Groups 2 and 3 when compared to that of control group on day 30 (P(0.05). CONCLUSION: We have shown that VIP has positive effects on alkali induced corneal burns. VIP may inhibit PMNL migration to cornea through an immunomodulatory effect. Inhibition of PMNL migration might reduce the release of collagenases and this might prevent the extracellular amorphous substance loss.     

Protection of skin with subcutaneous administration of 5% dextrose in water during superficial radiofrequency ablation in a rabbit model

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous administration of 5% dextrose in water (D5W), to prevent skin injury during radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Materials and methods: Twenty-four rabbits were divided into three groups: a pre-injection group, a perfusion group, and a control group. Ablative zones were created in the superficial part of the thigh muscle for 6?min. A needle was placed subcutaneously for injection of D5W, and a thermal sensor was positioned nearby for real-time temperature monitoring. The sizes of the ablative zones were measured by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, and severity of the observed skin injury were scored semi-quantitatively and compared. Results: The highest temperature, the duration of the temperature above 50?°C, and the rise time of the post-procedure temperature were all highest in the control group (p?p?p?p?=?0.091), while the skin injury of the perfusion group was less severe than that of the pre-injection group on post-procedure day 14 (p?=?0.004). No significant difference was found in the sizes of the ablative zones among the groups (p?=?0.720). Conclusion: Subcutaneous perfusion with D5W is effective in protecting the skin against burns during RF ablation without compromising the effect of ablation.     

敏感穴位热灸法对兔股骨头缺血性坏死血液流变学的影响

目的研究敏感穴位热灸法对兔股骨头缺血性坏死血液流变学的影响,探讨血液流变与股骨头缺血性坏死的关系及敏感穴位热灸法作用机制。方法48只兔股骨头缺血性坏死模型随机分为传统艾灸对照组、热敏灸治疗组、空白对照组各16只。每日治疗1次,连续治疗2周,休息3—5日,3个月为1个疗程。治疗前后测定全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、凝血酶原时间、部分活化凝血酶原时间等指标。结果热敏灸治疗组全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、凝血酶原时间及部分活化凝血酶原时间,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;以上指标治疗后热敏灸治疗组与传统艾灸组及空白对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论热敏灸通过对血液流变学的影响,起到促进血液运行、活血化瘀的作用,从而对股骨头缺血性坏死的修复有较好的效果。     

Gene gun-mediated intracutaneous vaccination with papillomavirus E7 gene delays cancer development of papillomavirus-induced skin papillomas on rabbits

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 viral oncogenes are expressed in HPV-associated cancers, and thus represent tumor-specific antigens. We used the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) rabbit model to test whether vaccination with either the E6 or E7 genes alone could prevent or delay carcinoma development. CRPV-induced papillomas on 24 rabbits were allowed to grow for 3 months without any treatment intervention. An immunization protocol using gene gun-mediated intracutaneous administration of DNA plasmids encoding the E6 or the E7 gene or vector only, respectively was initiated at this time point. Carcinoma development was followed up to 24 months after virus infection. Within this period, five rabbits died due to other causes but without carcinoma; one from the vector control group, and two each from the E6- and E7-vaccinated groups. The remaining seven rabbits from the vector control group developed carcinoma within 7-17 months. The remaining six E6-vaccinated rabbits developed cancer within 8-15 months. There was no delay in cancer development for the E6-vaccinated rabbits compared to the vector-injected rabbits. Some delay in cancer development in the remaining E7-vaccinated rabbits was observed; one developed cancer at month 23 and a second was without cancer at month 24. In addition, some E7-vaccinated rabbits with primary skin carcinomas had fewer lung metastases (<2) compared to vector-vaccinated controls (20+). These results suggested that gene gun-mediated intracutaneous immunization with papillomavirus early gene E7 but not E6 delayed carcinoma development of papillomavirus-induced lesions.     

黄连解毒汤对动脉粥样硬化兔血脂水平及血清、斑块组织hs-CRP含量的影响

目的探讨黄连解毒汤抗动脉粥样硬化的作用及其部分机制。方法将24只大耳白兔按随机数字表法分为3组,即正常对照组、模型对照组、黄连解毒汤组,每组8只。正常对照组饲普通标准饲料,模型对照组、黄连解毒汤组先导管球囊损伤兔左侧颈总动脉并喂饲高脂饲料;黄连解毒汤组同时每天灌胃黄连解毒汤液3 mL.kg-1,而正常对照组、模型对照组给予等量生理水灌胃。喂养12周后停药禁食12 h,耳缘静脉取血10 mL用于做血脂、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）检查;用10%乌拉坦耳缘静脉注射麻醉,分离左侧颈总动脉,采用免疫组织化学法测定组织hs-CRP含量。结果模型对照组与黄连解毒汤组血脂水平﹑血清及斑块组织hs-CRP含量均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,黄连解毒汤组血脂水平﹑血清及斑块组织hs-CRP含量显著低于模型对照组（P〈0.01）。结论黄连解毒汤有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,其部分机制可能为调脂﹑抗炎症反应。     

蛴螬提取物对兔视网膜静脉阻塞模型视网膜组织ET-1表达的影响

目的 观察蛴螬提取物对兔视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)模型ET-1表达的干预作用.方法 取健康兔36只,每组9只,分为空白组、模型组、血栓通组、蛴螬组4组.采用波长532 nm的Nd:YAG激光光凝法建立RVO模型,连续灌胃给药,实验后7、14、21 d分别处死兔取材,石蜡包埋切片,用免疫组化法检测视网膜组织中ET-1表达活性,计算机图像分析系统并进行统计分析.结果 蛴螬组7、14、21 d与模型组比较,ET-1表达明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);蛴螬组与血栓通组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);蛴螬组与空白组比较,7、14 d的ET-1表达活性明显高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),21 d时的ET-1表达活性与空白组差异无统计学意义(D＞0.05).结论 蛴螬能够明显降低兔RVO模型ET-1表达,抗血栓形成,改善RVO后视网膜局部微循环,减轻缺血缺氧对血管内皮细胞的损害.     

Differential protein expression in spinal cord tissue of a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury

New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into an ischemia group(occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 60 minutes),an ischemia-reperfusion group(occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 60 minutes followed by 48 hours of reperfusion) and a sham-surgery group.Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detected 49 differentially expressed proteins in spinal cord tissue from the ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion groups and 23 of them were identified by mass spectrometry.In the ischemia group,the expression of eight proteins was up regulated,and that of the remaining four proteins was down regulated.In the ischemia/reperfusion group,the expression of four proteins was up regulated,and that of two proteins was down regulated.In the sham-surgery group,only one protein was detected.In the ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion groups,four proteins overlapped between groups with the same differential expression,including three that were up regulated and one down regulated.These proteins were related to energy metabolism,cell defense,inflammatory mechanism and cell signaling.     

纤维蛋白粘合剂粘贴双层基质透镜行兔板层角膜移植术

目的：研究纤维蛋白粘合剂(FS)粘贴的双层角膜基质透镜体内生物相容性,探讨使用该种材料行角膜移植的可行性。

方法：选取健康清洁级新西兰白兔15只,采用自身对照,以兔右眼为实验眼,左眼为对照眼。实验眼使用FS粘贴的双层角膜基质透镜作为移植材料行板层角膜移植手术,对照眼不进行人工干预。分别于术后7、14、28d使用手持裂隙灯观察双眼角膜情况,并进行生物相容性评分,同时取双眼角膜行HE染色进行组织病理学检测,观察角膜恢复情况。

结果：裂隙灯观察结果显示,至角膜移植术后28d,实验眼角膜上皮生长情况良好,角膜透明度基本恢复,水肿程度减轻,新生血管生长至角膜缘后未加重,未见上皮、内皮排斥线等排斥反应; 对照眼角膜透明,角膜上皮光滑。生物相容性评分结果显示,角膜移植术后实验眼角膜植片水肿程度逐渐减轻,透明度逐渐恢复,排斥反应较小,角膜植片的生物相容性较好; 至术后28d,实验眼和对照眼角膜透明度、水肿程度及新生血管生长程度均无差异(P>0.01)。组织病理学检测结果显示,至角膜移植术后28d,实验眼植片表面有4～5层角膜上皮细胞覆盖,角膜胶原排列整齐、规则,植片内未见明显炎性细胞浸润,双片透镜间分界消失,层间FS被机体完全吸收,植片与植床融合,未见明显分界。

结论：使用FS粘贴的双层角膜基质透镜作为植片行板层角膜移植术后恢复较好,排斥反应较小,生物相容性较好,可用于板层角膜移植。     

Diffusion-weighted MR: therapeutic evaluation after chemoembolization of VX-2 carcinoma implanted in rabbit liver

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The study goal was to evaluate the ability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in assessing the viability of rabbit liver VX-2 tumor after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: VX-2 tumors were grown in the livers of 19 rabbits, and chemoembolization was performed. MR imaging was acquired 1 week after TACE. The rabbits were killed for histologic investigation immediately after MR imaging, and the proportion of viable tumor was calculated based on histopathologic examination. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in viable and necrotic tumor portion, and were compared using the paired Student's t test. RESULTS: Viable tumors were absent (n = 3), less than 5% (n = 6), and 5% or more (n = 10) at pathology examination. On DWI, three tumors with no viable portion were interpreted as having no viable portion, but three of six tumors with a viable portion of less than 5% were considered as having no viable portion. The mean ADC values of necrotic and viable tumor were 1.653 +/- 0.126 mm(2)/sec and 0.883 +/- 0.407 mm(2)/sec (b = 1000 sec/mm(2)), respectively, and the ADC values of necrotic tumors were significantly greater than those in viable tumors (p < .01). CONCLUSION: Although DWI is a useful tool for assessing tumor viability, viable tumor may not be detected on DWI when it is too small.