Heterogeneity in the ultrastructure of the mucous (goblet) cells of the rabbit palpebral conjunctiva

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess objectively the ultrastructure of the secretory granules in rabbit conjunctival mucin‐producing ‘goblet’ cells. Method: The upper eyelids from five young adult dioestrous female rabbits were dissected out, stretched onto a cardboard support and prepared for transmission electron microscopy by repeated application of an isotonic two per cent glutaraldehyde fixative at room temperature. Post‐fixation treatment included osmium tetroxide and staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Low magnification micrographs were taken of the goblet cells of the conjunctiva, printed at a magnification of approximately 6,000 and the number, size and features of the secretory granules assessed. Results: Across the entire palpebral conjunctiva of ail five rabbits, the majority of mucous cells displayed a goblet shape and the secretory granules were uniformly pale in staining. The average width of the goblet cells was 10.8 ± 1.1 μm and the diameter of the secretory granules was 0.82 ± 0.16 μm. However, in localised regions across the palpebral conjunctiva of two of the rabbits, some goblet cells were different in that the secretory granules had either a denser‐staining core, in which some of the granules were densely staining (while others were pale) or most of the granules were densely staining. These mucous cells had an average diameter of 10.3 ± 1.7 μm and the granule diameters averaged 0.88 ± 0.01 μm. For these abnormal goblet cells, inflammatory cells were found in their immediate vicinity. Occasionally, goblet cells were seen to be in the process of degranulation with associated apparent cell necrosis and the mucin granule diameter was close to 1 μm. Conclusions: The ultrastructure of the mucin‐containing secretory granules of the conjunctival mucous cells is not necessarily homogeneous in character and further attention needs to be given to the effects of localised inflammation in the tissue and to possible hormonal influences.     

生长因子对晶体上皮细胞生长影响的研究

目的 本研究通过对家兔晶体上皮细胞体外培养，探讨生长因子对其生长的影响。方法 将家兔晶体前囊经消化、离心，以获取分散的晶体上皮细胞，在DMEM培养基(含有10％小牛血清)中培养2周．经消化、传代。对培养的第二代晶体上皮细胞加入不同浓度的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮细胞生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子。培养1周后，用MTI、法检测其对晶体上皮细胞生长的影响。结果 体外培养晶体上皮细胞前二代晶体上皮细胞能保持较完整的上皮细胞形态及特性，第三代后部分细胞开始发生转化。碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮细胞生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子．均能促进晶体上皮细胞的生长。结论 生长因子是引起后性白内障的一个重要因素。     

消炎合剂治疗慢性前列腺炎的实验研究

目的探讨消炎合剂治疗慢性前列腺炎的药理作用及机制。方法以致炎动物大鼠和致血瘀动物兔为动物模型，观察消炎合剂抗炎和改善微循环的作用。结果消炎合剂能明显降低实验性大鼠炎症模型前列腺液中的白细胞数，什高卵磷脂小体密度，抑制纤维母细胞增生和炎细胞浸润，减轻腺体增生，增加和改善实验性兔瘀血模型微循环的血管管径，管径截面积，平均血流速度、平均血流量等，提示消炎合剂具有抗炎和改善徽循环的作用．结论消炎合剂有显著抑制实验性慢性前列腺炎的作用。     

Effects of perfluorochemical evaporative properties on oxygenation during partial liquid ventilation

BACKGROUND: The physical-chemical properties of perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids have been shown to influence physiological and cellular responses during partial liquid ventilation (PLV). The aim of this study is to compare the relationship between patho-physiological endpoints and the physical properties of three PFC liquids used in treating acute lung injury. METHODS: A total of 18 juvenile rabbits were randomized into conventional mechanical ventilation or PLV groups after lung saline lavages. Three PFC liquids, including Flutec perfluoro-1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (PP4; vapor pressure, 28.8 mmHg at 37 degrees C), Perfluorodecalin (PFD; vapor pressure, 13.6 mmHg at 37 degrees C), and Perflubron (PFB; vapor pressure, 10.4 mmHg at 37 degrees C) were used for PLV with no replacement for 4 h. A thermal detector was used to measure PFC loss rate. Physiological measurements and evaporative loss rate of PFC were done every 30 min, and lung histology was examined. RESULTS: The mean evaporative loss rate was significantly higher in the PP4 group (4.75 +/- 0.24 mL/kg per h) than in either the PFD (1.43 +/- 0.11 mL/kg per h) or the PFB (1.18 +/- 0.05 mL/kg per h) group (P < 0.05). The oxygenation of PFD and PFB was maintained good for 4 h, however, the PP4 group showed a fast deterioration since 2 h post-treatment due to fast dropping of the residual PP4 amount in lungs. Histology showed good alveolar integrity in the PFD and PFB groups. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of PLV are directly influenced by the evaporative property of the PFC liquid. With no replacement over 4 h, PLV effects could be maintained with utilizing a PFC liquid with low, rather than high, vapor pressure. PFC with high vapor pressure has a high loss rate and low residual volume that causes poor maintenance on oxygenation during PLV. Therefore, measuring PFC loss rate is important in future studies and clinical application of PLV.     

大肠杆菌气管注入致急性肺损伤的实验研究

目的：建立气管注入细菌致兔急性肺损伤（ALI）模型,为研究细菌致ALI的致病机制及其治疗提供理论依据.方法：兔分为：细菌注入组（Ⅰ组）,生理盐水注入组（Ⅱ组）,正常对照组（Ⅲ组）.对比观察3组以下指标：血流动力学、呼吸力学、血气分析、支气管灌洗液中的细胞数、蛋白含量、肺组织湿重/干重比及病理检查.结果：Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组比较,上述指标,均有明显差异（P均＜0.05）.结论：通过直接气管注入细菌可建立ALI模型.     

兔重症肌无力模型的建立

目的:探讨兔重症肌无力模型(MG)的建立方法。方法:采用亲和柱层析法从电鳐电器官中提取乙酰胆碱受体(AChR),给16只日本大耳白兔分两次注射200μg AChR与等量的弗氏完全佐剂混合液,两次注射相隔3周,采用自行设计的评分标准评定其症状的严重性。结果:12只日本大耳白兔出现重症肌无力表现,积分12.83±6.19分。结论:从电鳐电器官中提取AChR,并主动免疫日本大耳白兔能够复制出重症肌无力模型。     

喹诺酮类药物对离体兔软骨细胞的毒性

目的 :评价几种喹诺酮类药物对幼龄兔软骨细胞的相对毒性 ,软骨毒性与浓度、时间、年龄的关系。方法 :采用兔软骨细胞体外培养的技术 ,观察细胞形态 ,四氮甲基唑蓝 (MTT)法评价细胞的增殖 ,二甲基亚甲蓝 (DMB)法评价细胞蛋白多糖的含量。观察环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、氟罗沙星、帕珠沙星对 1月龄兔软骨细胞的影响 ,及环丙沙星对 1,3,5月龄兔软骨细胞的影响。结果 :喹诺酮类药物使细胞形态发生改变 ;抑制细胞的增殖的作用依次为环丙沙星 >左氧氟沙星 >氟罗沙星 >帕珠沙星 ;对蛋白多糖含量的作用为环丙沙星 >左氧氟沙星 >氟罗沙星、帕珠沙星 ;环丙沙星的抑制作用随作用时间的延长和浓度的增加而增加 ,随兔年龄的增大而减少。结论 :喹诺酮类几种药物的软骨毒性存在着差异 ,且随浓度、时间、年龄不同而不同。     

丙磺舒对阿莫西林在家兔体内的药动学影响

目的:观察丙磺舒对阿莫西林在健康家兔体内药动学的影响.方法:采用微生物杯碟法测定兔血清中阿莫西林的浓度.结果:阿莫西林单剂量肌内注射后,吸收迅速,Tmax=(0.78±0.09)h,Cmax=(0.87±0.30)μg·mL-1,其代谢模型为一级速率一房室模型.当阿莫西林和丙磺舒等剂量伍用时丙磺舒对阿莫西林药动学参数的影响达到最大值:阿莫西林的t1/2由(2.06±0.09)h延长至(5.50±0.52)h,AUC由(4.07±0.05)μg·mL-1·h增加至(13.75±3.09)μg·mL-1·h,Cmax由(0.87±0.30)μg·mL-1增加至(6.30±1.46)μg·mL-1,且三者统计学差异极显著(P<0.01).结论:丙磺舒对阿莫西林的药动学参数的影响呈S型,当两者等剂量伍用时影响最大.     

活血化瘀方对高脂饮食致家兔动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的 探讨五首活血化瘀方对高脂喂饲家兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)的影响。方法 采用高脂喂饲复制家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,观察各组家兔血脂、载脂蛋白、血液流变学改变。结果 血府逐瘀汤组家兔血清TC、LDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),血清TC/HDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),血清TG低于丹参饮组(P<0.05),血清TG/HDL-c比值低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、活络效灵丹组(P<0.01);血清apoB100低于失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);血浆粘度明显低于活络效灵丹组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),全血粘度(低切、高切)明显低于失笑散组(P<0.01);活络效灵丹组家兔血清TC、LDL-c低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05),血清TC/HDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),亦低于失笑散组(P<0.05);家兔血清apoB100低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05),血清apoA1/apoB100比值高于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);丹参饮组家兔全血粘度(低切、高切)明显低于失笑散组(P<0.01),红细胞比容低于桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);桃红四物汤组血清TG低于丹参饮组(P<0.05),血清TG/HDL-c低于丹参饮组、失笑散组(P<0.05),全血粘度(低切、高切)低于失笑散组(P<0.05)。结论 五首活血化瘀方均可不同     

HPLC-MS法研究碘化N-正丁基氟哌啶醇在兔体内的药代动力学

目的:研究碘化N-正丁基氟哌啶醇(F2)在兔体内的药代动力学过程.方法:6只新西兰兔耳缘静脉注射碘化N-正丁基氟哌啶醇(F2)2.0 mg·kg-1后采集血样,用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)联用技术测定血浆药物浓度,并用3p97软件拟合计算药代动力学参数.结果和结论:兔耳缘静脉给药后的血药浓度-时间曲线符合二室开放模型,其主要药动学参数为:分布半衰期T1/2α是0.10 h,消除半衰期T1/2β是6.4 h,曲线下面积AUC为183μg·h-1·L-1,中央室分布容积Vc为4 L,清除率Cl为12.9 L·h-1.HPLC-MS联用方法测定F2血药浓度,灵敏度高,专属性强.