Structure of vascular plexuses of brain ventricles in ontogeny under normal conditions and in hypoxia

The structure of vascular plexuses of brain ventricles in newborns developed under hypoxic conditions does not correspond to gestational age. Chronic hypoxia decreases activity of succinate dehydrogenase and iron content in vascular plexuses of brain ventricles.     

产前血型IgG抗体水平的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨ABO血型不合孕妇的产前IgG抗体水平,了解IgG抗体效价异常在孕妇中所占比率及临床意义,为预防及诊治新生儿溶血病（HDN）采取有效的防治措施。方法用抗人球蛋白试管凝集法进行IgG抗A或抗B的ABO血型抗体效价检测。结果910例孕妇中,血清效价大于64者有108例,异常检出率为11.9%。IgG抗A效价大于64者有64例,检测率为11.8%;检测IgG抗B效价大于64者有54例,检测率为14.1%。讨论妊娠中IgG抗体效价与新生儿溶血密切相关,ABO血型不合的孕妇应及时作产前血清学的检测,可预防新生儿溶血病的发生及减轻胎儿受害的程度。     

148例新生儿眼结膜炎与产妇阴道病原感染相关性的分析

目的了解自然分娩产妇产道细菌性感染（不包括衣原体）对于新生儿眼结膜炎的发病影响，加强围产期保健，防止婴幼儿视力损害。方法对148例新生儿眼结膜炎患者作结膜囊渗出物细菌培养和药敏试验，根据培养结果将患儿分为A组：培养阴性（无菌生长）组，B组：培养阳性组（有菌生长），同时相应将A组、B组患儿母亲分为产妇A组和产妇B组，作阴道分泌物涂片革兰染色检查相对照。结果产妇A组检出病原菌者5例（17．2％），清洁度正常，未检出病原菌及滴虫者24例（82．8％）。患儿B组检出淋病奈瑟氏菌13株（10．9％），其它各属菌株106株（89．1％）。产妇B组涂片见有白细胞内外革兰阴性双球菌者11例（9．2％）；其它病原菌及念珠菌、滴虫感染者76例（63．9％），清洁度正常，未检出病原菌及滴虫者32例（26．9％）。产妇A组产道感染阳性率17．2％，B组阳性率73．1％，两者比较差异有极显著性（P〈0.001）。结论新生儿眼结膜炎与产妇产道感染有密切相关性，应加强对妊娠中晚期孕妇的生殖道感染防治，减少新生儿经产道感染的几率。     

Upper and lower body functional asymmetries in the newborn: Do they have the same lateral biases?

It is still an open question as to whether functional asymmetries in the human newborn derive from a single lateralized system or multiple subsystems based on different neural mechanisms. In the present study, asymmetries in head turning were compared to those in leg movements during stepping and placing, with the latter also being related to differences in leg mass. The effects of an active versus an inactive state or condition were examined for all three behaviors. No overall lateral biases were found for head turning or for the first foot to move in stepping and placing, and there were no concordances among them; however, there was an asymmetry in that the left foot had a shorter onset latency when compared to the right foot for both stepping and placing. Findings are discussed in terms of what they imply about underlying neural systems that have a bearing on expressions of newborn laterality, and also with regard to the impact of methodological differences in this area of study.     

Digital peer‐to‐peer information seeking and sharing: Opportunities for education and collaboration in newborn screening

Parents use the internet to connect with their peers and access information about a multitude of health topics, including newborn screening (NBS). As the NBS system evolves, education about NBS must be evaluated and updated to remain accessible and beneficial to parents. In this article, we aim to describe parents' current NBS educational needs and highlight areas to improve newborn screening education by detailing an analysis of NBS posts on an online parenting discussion platform. We analyzed a total of 317 discussion posts on BabyCenter®, finding that parents had questions about and desired support around many aspects of NBS including processes, results, and follow‐up. As a result of this analysis, three recommendations to improve NBS education were developed. Through collaboration and by leveraging technology, we can provide parents with accessible, timely, and desired NBS informational and social support.     

P物质、亮氨酸脑啡肽、5-羟色胺样成分在新生儿中脑导水管周围灰质的分布

本文用PAP和ABC法对3例生后1—2天新生儿中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)内P物质、亮氨酸脑啡肽、5-羟色胺样成分的分布进行了观察。发现P物质样阳性胞体主要位于PAG的中、尾段,分为位于腹外侧区的腹侧群和位于腹外侧区与背外侧区交界处的外侧群等两群。其阳性纤维和终末以背侧区为最密。亮氨酸脑啡肽样阳性胞体也出现于PAG中、尾段的各个区内,以腹外侧区数量为多,其阳性纤维及终末也以腹外侧区最密集。5-羟色胺样阳性胞体集中在PAG中、尾段的腹外侧区,其阳性纤维及终末主要分布于PAG的内侧区。本文还对此三种物质与镇痛机制的关系进行了讨论。     

新生儿TORCH感染的血清学检测与临床分析

目的 对新生儿进行TORCH感染的血清学检查及临床表现分析。方法 用ELASA法检测血清中TORCH(弓形体、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒)IgM。结果 2000年1月至2003年1月本院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)共收治新生儿l554例，其中48例为TORCH感染，巨细胞病毒感染率最高占52．1％；风疹病毒感染占33．3％；单纯疱疹病毒感染占14．6％。未发现弓形体抗体阳性的患儿。结论 新生儿TORCH感染可造成多器官损伤，主要为听力异常、高胆红素血症和肝功能异常、神经系统损伤、心肌损伤、血小板减少、先天性心脏病。计划免疫、母亲孕期筛查、新生儿早期筛查、干预治疗非常重要。     

Effect of hypoxia on dynamics of changes in hexokinase activity in subcellular fractions of neonatal rat tissues

Hexokinase (HK) activity in the total homogenate and cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions of the brain, heart, and liver of newborn rats was studied in relation to the severity of exposure to hypoxia. With a mild form of hypoxic hypoxia an increase in the activity of the mitochondrial-bound form of the enzyme was observed in the brain and liver tissue accompanied by a decrease in cytoplasmic HK activity and, in the brain, by a marked increase in the rate of glucose phosphorylation. Deep hypoxia led to a decrease in HK activity in the total homogenate and in both subcellular fractions in all tissues investigated. The results point to a disturbance of certain mechanisms in the tissues of newborn rats after exposure to a severe degree of hypoxia.Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Scientific-Research Institute of Pediatrics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. Ya. Studenikin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 21–24, January, 1977.     

Regulation of Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 Production in an Amnion-derived Cell Line by Cytokines,Growth Factors,Glucocorticoids, and Phorbol Esters

PROBLEM: To determine whether amnion cells produce interleukin (IL)?6 and ?8 and thus may contribute to the high concentrations of these cytokines in amniotic fluid at term. METHOD OF STUDY: Amnion-derived WISH cells were treated in culture with stimuli over 16 hr, and IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the conditioned media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or bioassay (IL-6 only). RESULTS: IL-8 production was ?5-fold higher than that of IL-6 under basal and stimulated conditions. Significant (by Dunnett's test after analysis of variance) stimulation of production of both cytokines was achieved by IL-1β (>0.2 ng/ml), TNFα (>10 ng/ml), and the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (>2 nM), over a 16-hr culture period. Epidermal growth factor at 10 ng/ml induced a small increase in production of IL-8, but not of IL-6, whereas bacterial lipopolysaccharide had minimal effects on production of either cytokine. Basal and cytokine-stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production was inhibited by dexamethasone at concentrations equal to or greater than 1 nM. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that amnion may be a significant contributor to the IL-6 and IL-8 content of amniotic fluid, and that WISH cells may be a suitable model for the study of cytokine production by amnion epithelial cells.