不同药物联合治疗药物过度使用性头痛的疗效及安全性

目的观察药物过度使用性头痛(medication overuse headache,MOH)的临床特征及不同药物联合治疗MOH的疗效及安全性。方法对头痛门诊序贯就诊的480例偏头痛患者详细采集病史,筛选很可能的MOH患者,与周期性发作偏头痛患者比较其临床特征,并行偏头痛残疾程度评估问卷(migraine disabilityassessment questionnaire,MIDAS)调查。对所有MOH患者强烈建议停用各种止痛剂,随机分组分别给予盐酸氟桂利嗪+普萘洛尔(Ⅰ组)或托吡酯+阿米替林(Ⅱ组)治疗,疗程3个月。观察两组治疗转归及不良反应发生率。结果 46例为很可能的MOH。MOH组起病年龄与周期性偏头痛组无明显差异(30.2±9.3岁;31.1±9.5岁)(P>0.05)。MOH组头痛家族史比例(67.4%)稍高于周期性偏头痛组(54.9%)(P>0.05),MOH组服用复方止痛药及中重度残疾的比例均显著高于周期性偏头痛组(分别为89.1%与39.3%;76.1%与19.5%)(P均<0.001)。治疗3个月后,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组服用止痛药的比例为10.5%与10.0%,每月头痛天数为(3.21±0.85)d与(3.05±0.83)d,MIDAS总分(19.70±7.00)与(18.30±6.77),不良反应发生率分别为10.5%(Ⅰ组)与10.0%(Ⅱ组),两组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论有头痛家族史长期频繁使用复方止痛剂更易导致MOH,造成残疾。撤用止痛剂,盐酸氟桂利嗪+普萘洛尔或托吡酯+阿米替林均可明显缓解症状,耐受性好,值得临床推广。     

Chronic daily headache with medication overuse: a randomized follow-up by neurologist or PCP

Several studies have shown the benefit of withdrawal therapy when medication overuse headache (MOH) is suspected. Our aim was to compare the effect of withdrawal therapy in patients followed by a neurologist (group A, n  = 42) and a primary care physician (PCP) (group B, n  = 38). Patients were randomized to A or B, and follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Calculated mean headache (MH at 6 months + MH at 12 months)/2 (primary end-point) was similar; A 1.04 (0.87, 1.21) and B 1.02 (0.82, 1.21) ( P  = 0.87). The number of patients with 50% improvement of headache days was also similar; 14/42 in group A vs. 12/34 in B ( P  = 0.86) at 3 months, 15/42 vs. 11/33 ( P  = 0.83) at 6 months and 15/42 vs. 14/38 ( P  = 0.92) at 12 months. Days without headache during the last 9 months of follow-up were 123 (96, 150) in group A and 137 (112, 161) in B ( P  = 0.62). After 3 months one-third were classified as MOH. Patients with MOH improved similarly in group A and B, and so did patients without MOH. Within 1 year 7/42 in A and 9/38 in B had recurrent medication overuse ( P  = 0.43). In summary, there were no significant differences in follow-up results between the two groups.     

Combined pharmacological and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for probable medication overuse headache: a pilot study

We studied the effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) and pharmacological therapy in 26 consecutive patients with probable medication overuse headache (pMOH). Patients underwent a standard in-patient detoxification protocol, lasting a mean of 7 days. Eleven patients overused non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), five a combination of NSAIDs and triptans, four triptans, four a combination of NSAIDs, and three triptans and ergot derivates. Preventive therapy was initiated during detoxification. The STPP protocol comprised the Brief Psychodynamic Investigation (BPI) and psychoanalysis-inspired psychotherapy. All patients (groups A and B) underwent the BPI and pharmacological therapy. Half of the patients (group B) also not randomly underwent psychoanalysis-inspired psychotherapy. We found a significant interaction between time and group for headache frequency and medication intake. At 12-month follow-up, a statistically greater decrease in headache frequency and medication intake was observed in group B than in group A ( P  = 0.0108 and P  = 0.0097, respectively). The relapse rate was much lower in group B patients at both 6 and 12 months [15.3%, odds ratio (OR) 0.11, P  = 0.016, and 23%, OR 0.18, P  = 0.047, respectively] than in group A. The risk of developing chronic migraine (CM) during follow-up was higher in group A than in group B at 6 (OR 2.0, P  = 0.047) and 12 months (OR 2.75, P  = 0.005). Our study suggests that STPP in conjunction with drug withdrawal and prophylactic pharmacotherapy relieves headache symptoms in pMOH, reducing both long-term relapses and the burden of CM.     

Common Overuse Injuries in the Pediatric and Adolescent Athlete

With the ever-increasing participation of children and adolescents in organized and recreational sports, physicians can expect to see a significant number of sports-related overuse injuries. An understanding of the unique aspects of the growing musculoskeletal system will provide a framework for diagnosing and treating young injured athletes. Many of these injuries, such as tendonitis, apophysitis, PFPS, and stress fractures, respond to conservative treatment including activity modification and rehabilitation.     

Intersection syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Intersection syndrome is a condition that should be differentiated from DeQuervain’s stenosing tenosynovitis, as there are many subtle differences in treatment and prognosis. We present a case of intersection syndrome, describing its characteristic clinical and anatomic features, and highlighting differences in the areas of diagnosis and treatment relative to the better known DeQuervain’s tenosynovitis.     

Estudio de la hiperfrecuentación en un distrito de atención primaria

Objective

To describe the distribution of frequent attenders (FA) through the different primary care practices in Cordoba-Guadalquivir Health District (Córdoba, Spain).

Headache and medication overuse: are clinical case series appropriate to reveal differential risks of different medications?

Importance of the field: The question of whether different migraine and headache medications show a differential risk of medication overuse headache (MOH) induction has been discussed extensively but has not been definitively answered to date.

Areas covered in this review: Clinical case series of interest that include statements on a differential risk of MOH development due to the use of different headache medications are identified by systematic literature research and analyzed.

What the reader will gain: In the present work, an expert evaluation is made of the existing evidence for different risks of different headache and migraine medications with regard to MOH occurrence, as has been claimed in various publications.

Take home message: Despite several different attempts to obtain direct or indirect answers from clinical case series, the fact is that due to the intrinsic selection bias, confounding and other limitations inherent to clinical case series, they are not suitable to answer this question reliably. Thus, the repeated claims of a differential risk of different drugs and drug groups are simply not scientifically sound.     

Screening And Behavioral Management: Medication Overuse Headache – The Complex Case

The new appendix criteria for a broader concept of chronic migraine from the International Headache Society no longer require headache resolution or return to the previous headache pattern to confirm the diagnosis of medication overuse headache (MOH). MOH can be subdivided into simple (Type I) and complex (Type II). Complex cases may involve long-term use of daily opioids or combination analgesics, multisourcing, multiple psychiatric comorbidities, and/or a history of relapse. Daily use of opioids for other medical conditions, psychiatric comorbidity including borderline personality disorder, prior history of other substance dependence or abuse, and family history of substance disorders are risk factors for MOH. Relapse for analgesic overusers can be as high as 71% at 4-year follow-up. A case illustration spans 20 years from initial presentation through multiple periods of recovery and relapse to illustrate issues in the screening and management of complex MOH patients.     

Chronic daily headache in childhood and adolescence: clinical aspects and a 4-year follow-up

Chronic daily headache (CDH) represents a challenge in clinical practice and the scientific field. CDH with onset in children and adolescents represent a matchless opportunity to understand mechanisms involved in adult CDH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis, prognosis and psychiatric co-morbidity of CDH with young onset in the young. Fifty-nine CDH patients has been followed from 1997 to 2001 in our department. Headache and psychiatric diagnoses were made on the basis of the international system of classification (International Headache Society, 1988; DSM-IV). Chi2 test and multinomial logistic regressions were applied to analyse factors predicting outcome. The current diagnostic system allows a diagnosis in 80% of CDH patients, even if age-related characteristics have been evidenced. Psychiatric disorders are notable in CDH (about 64% of patients) and predict (mainly anxiety) a poorer outcome. Surprisingly, analgesic overuse is not involved in the chronicization process. Diagnosis of CDH needs further study. Psychiatric disorders predict a worse outcome and greater account should be taken of them in treatment planning.