Definition of pulmonary embolism‐related death and classification of the cause of death in venous thromboembolism studies: Communication from the SSC of the ISTH

Pulmonary embolism (PE)‐related death is often a component of the primary outcome in venous thromboembolism (VTE) clinical studies. Definitions for PE‐related death vary widely, which may lead to biased risk estimates of clinical outcomes, thereby affecting both internal and external validity of study results. We here provide a standardized definition of PE‐related death and propose guidance for classification and reporting of the cause of death for clinical studies in VTE. The proposal was developed in a four‐step process, including a systematic review of definitions used for PE‐related death in previous studies, two subsequent surveys with VTE experts, and meetings held within the Scientific and Standardization Committee (SSC) working group until consensus on the proposal was reached. The proposed classification comprises three categories: Category A: PE‐related death, category B: undetermined cause of death, and category C: cause of death other than PE. Category A includes A1: autopsy‐confirmed PE in the absence of another more likely cause of death; A2: objectively confirmed PE before death in the absence of another more likely cause of death; and A3: PE is not objectively confirmed, but is most likely the main cause of death. Category B includes B1: cause of death is undetermined, despite available information; and B2: insufficient clinical information available to determine the cause of death. The use of the proposed definition will hopefully improve the accuracy of study outcomes, between‐study comparisons, meta‐analyses, and validity of future clinical VTE studies.     

2型糖尿病中医辨证护理法的研究进展

2型糖尿病中医辨证护理对稳定血糖、改善糖尿病周围神经病变、改善糖尿病足、改善肾病、改善抑郁失眠、提高生存质量6个方面的影响进行综述,以期为临床提供简便、有效的实践方法。     

重度颅脑损伤病人实施过渡期护理服务的研究进展

介绍过渡期护理服务的内涵、重度颅脑损伤病人实施过渡期护理服务的必要性及现状,为开展能满足重度颅脑损伤病人需求的过渡期护理服务提供借鉴与参考。