Muscle growth and myosin isoform transitions during development of a small teleost fish, Poecilia reticulata (Peters) (Atheriniformes, Poeciliidae): a histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and morphometric study

The myosin composition of lateral muscle in Poecilia reticulata from birth to adult was studied by ATPase histochemistry and immunostaining with myosin isoform-specific antibodies. At birth the muscle consists of two layers containing developmental isoforms of myosin. In deep layer fibres the developmental myosin is replaced by the adult fast-white isoform soon after birth. In the epaxial and hypaxial monolayer fibres the myosin composition present at birth (J1) is replaced within 3 days by another (J2). In some fibres, this J2 composition is retained in the adult, but in others it is slowly replaced by the adult slow-red muscle isoform. Close to the lateral line, all monolayer fibres are already in transition between the J2 myosin and the adult slow-red form at birth, and rapidly complete the transition to slow-red form. These fibres, together with others generated de novo in an underlying hyperplastic zone, form the red muscle layer of the adult. The pink muscle develops during the first month after birth, and by 31 days it consists of an outer, middle and inner layer. A few middle layer fibres are already present at birth, while the outer layer fibres first appear 3 days after birth. The thin inner layer is probably a transitional form between the middle pink and adult white types, and appears at about 31 days. A morphometric analysis showed that growth of the white muscle occurs principally by hypertrophy. Even at the magnification level of the electron microscope, no satellite cells or myoblasts which could give rise to new fibres were found in the white muscle, except in the far epaxial and hypaxial regions and only in the first 10 days. A zone of hyperplastic growth was also found lying just under the superficial monolayer close to the lateral line, and this presumably contributes fibres to the red and pink muscle layers.     

Overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signalling-5 augments eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice

BACKGROUND: Enhanced expression of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-5 might be of therapeutic benefit for T-helper type 2 (Th2) dominant diseases, as its expression is reported to result in a reduction of Th2 differentiation in vitro due to the inhibition of IL-4 signalling. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory role of SOCS-5 in vivo, we explored the phenotype of an experimental asthma model developed in SOCS-5 transgenic (Tg) mice. METHODS: The SOCS-5 Tg mice or wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). We examined bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung specimens, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine. RESULTS: The production of IFN-gamma by CD4(+) T cells from unprimed SOCS-5 Tg mice was significantly increased in comparison with unprimed wild-type mice, indicating that SOCS-5 Tg mice have a Th1-polarizing condition under natural conditions. However, in an asthma model, significantly more eosinophils in the airways and higher levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF were observed in the SOCS-5 Tg than the wild-type mice. AHR in the asthma model of SOCS-5 Tg was also more enhanced than that of wild-type mice. OVA-stimulated CD4(+) T cells from the primed SOCS-5 Tg mice produced significantly more IL-5 and IL-13 than CD4(+) T cells from wild-type mice. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the overexpression of SOCS-5 does not inhibit Th2 response, but rather augments the phenotype of the asthma model in vivo. This finding throws into question the therapeutic utility of using enhancement of SOCS-5 expression for Th2-dominant disease.     

人工合成成骨生长肽对辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的保护作用

目的　探讨人工合成成骨生长肽 (sOGP)对辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的保护作用 ,阐明其剂量 效应关系。方法　以 4 .0和 7.5Gy13 7Csγ射线照射小鼠为模型 ,采用皮下注射和肌肉注射 2种给药途径连续 8d给予sOGP ,剂量范围为 0 .0 39～ 6 4 0nmol/(kg·d) ,观察外周血象、骨髓有核细胞数、骨髓粒系造血祖细胞集落形成(CFU G)、骨髓细胞分类和骨髓切片组织学等的变化。结果　sOGP能加快受照小鼠外周血白细胞、骨髓有核细胞数的恢复 ,在一定的剂量范围内呈明显的剂量依赖性 ,并能刺激髓外造血 ;促进 (CFU G)形成作用显著高于重组人粒系集落刺激因子 (rhG CSF)约 2倍 ;骨髓病理学观察显示sOGP能加快受照小鼠骨髓造血组织损伤的恢复 ,刺激骨髓粒系增生。结论　sOGP可明显促进受照射小鼠造血功能的恢复 ,其机制可能是通过作用于早期造血阶段或 (及 )改善微环境进而促进造血。     

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of ciclesonide 160 μg once daily vs. budesonide 400 μg once daily in children with asthma

Ciclesonide is an onsite-activated inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for the treatment of asthma. This study compared the efficacy, safety and effect on quality of life (QOL) of ciclesonide 160 microg (ex-actuator; nominal dose 200 microg) vs. budesonide 400 microg (nominal dose) in children with asthma. Six hundred and twenty-one children (aged 6-11 yr) with asthma were randomized to receive ciclesonide 160 microg (ex-actuator) once daily (via hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler and AeroChamber Plus spacer) or budesonide 400 microg once daily (via Turbohaler) both given in the evening for 12 wk. The primary efficacy end-point was change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Additional measurements included change in daily peak expiratory flow (PEF), change in asthma symptom score sum, change in use of rescue medication, paediatric and caregiver asthma QOL questionnaire [PAQLQ(S) and PACQLQ, respectively] scores, change in body height assessed by stadiometry, change in 24-h urinary cortisol adjusted for creatinine and adverse events. Both ciclesonide and budesonide increased FEV1, morning PEF and PAQLQ(S) and PACQLQ scores, and improved asthma symptom score sums and the need for rescue medication after 12 wk vs. baseline. The non-inferiority of ciclesonide vs. budesonide was demonstrated for the change in FEV1 (95% confidence interval: -75, 10 ml, p = 0.0009, one-sided non-inferiority, per-protocol). In addition, ciclesonide and budesonide showed similar efficacy in improving asthma symptoms, morning PEF, use of rescue medication and QOL. Ciclesonide was superior to budesonide with regard to increases in body height (p = 0.003, two-sided). The effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was significantly different in favor of ciclesonide treatment (p < 0.001, one-sided). Both ciclesonide and budesonide were well tolerated. Ciclesonide 160 microg once daily and budesonide 400 microg once daily were effective in children with asthma. In addition, in children treated with ciclesonide there was significantly less reduction in body height and suppression of 24-h urinary cortisol excretion compared with children treated with budesonide after 12 wk.     

子宫肌瘤患者外周静脉与子宫静脉血管内皮细胞生长因子水平测定及临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在子宫肌瘤发生和肌瘤生长中的作用。方法:手术中暴露子宫静脉后,抽取子宫静脉血3ml,同时抽取非输液肢体外周静脉血3ml。抽取配对正常妇女外周静脉血3ml。ELISA法测定VEGF水平。测量子宫重量、肌瘤总重量、肌瘤数目和最大肌瘤最大径线值。结果:子宫肌瘤患者子宫静脉血和外周静脉血VEGF水平分别为159.38±25.63pg/ml和76.35±26.61pg/ml,对照人群外周静脉血VEGF水平为42.53±29.47pg/ml。子宫静脉血中的VEGF水平明显高于外周静脉血(P=0.019),子宫肌瘤患者外周静脉血中的VEGF水平明显高于对照人群外周静脉血的VEGF水平(P=0.013)。子宫重量、肌瘤总重量、肌瘤数目、最大肌瘤最大径线都与子宫肌瘤患者子宫静脉和外周静脉VEGF呈显著正相关。结论:VEGF可能参与了子宫肌瘤的生长和病情发展。     

Proliferation of DU145 prostate cancer cells is inhibited by suppressing insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is expressed by all human prostate cancer cell lines and dramatically increases in the serum of prostate cancer patients. However, the role of IGFBP-2 in prostatic tumorigenesis is not known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of IGFBP-2 on the proliferation of DU145 human prostate cancer cells in culture. METHODS: Using cell proliferation assays, we examined the effects of exogenously administered and endogenously modulated levels of IGFBP-2 on the proliferation of DU145 cells. RESULT: Cell growth was stimulated by exogenously administered IGFBP-2, but significantly retarded (P < 0.05) by its neutralizing antibody. Overexpression of IGFBP-2 by transfection also stimulated cell growth, which was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited in transfectants expressing antisense mRNA to IGFBP-2. Furthermore, the proliferation of IGFBP-2 overexpressing cells was significantly dampened by exogenously administered IGFBP-2 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: IGFBP-2 is an autocrine growth factor for DU145 human prostate cancer cells and cell proliferation can be significantly retarded by neutralizing or inhibiting its synthesis. These findings provide a strong rationale for targeting IGFBP-2 in the testing of novel strategies to treat prostate cancer.     

肝细胞生长因子在左肾动脉狭窄大鼠心血管中的表达及干预研究

目的　观察左肾动脉狭窄肾性高血压大鼠模型心肌和血管中肝细胞生长因子 (HGF)的表达 ,并观察缬沙坦和螺内酯对其表达的影响。方法　选用 6周龄SD大鼠 2 4只 ,制备左肾动脉狭窄肾性高血压模型 ,分为 4组 ,分别为手术组、假手术组、缬沙坦组、螺内酯组。治疗组分别用缬沙坦 3 0mg/kg·d-1、螺内酯 2 0mg/kg·d-1溶于饮水灌胃 ,1次 /d ,连续治疗 17周。用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)法检测大鼠心肌和血管HGFmRNA水平。结果　 17周后 ,缬沙坦组和螺内酯组的心肌HGFmRNA/ β actinmRNA(1.17± 0 .0 8/ 0 .85± 0 .0 8)高于手术组 (0 .5 7± 0 .0 7) (P <0 .0 1) ,但低于假手术组 (1.3 5± 0 .0 9) (P均 <0 .0 1)。两治疗组肠系膜动脉HGFmRNA水平高于手术组 (P <0 .0 1) ,但低于假手术组 (P均 <0 .0 1)。结论　缬沙坦和螺内酯均能使左肾动脉狭窄肾性高血压大鼠心肌和血管中的HGF升高 ,同时伴有心肌和血管重塑的改善 ,说明HGF在左肾动脉狭窄肾性高血压大鼠的靶器官保护中起着重要作用     

生长激素、肝细胞生长因子和烟酰胺对人胎胰岛细胞的增殖作用

目的研究生长激素(GH)，肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和烟酰胺(NIC)对体外培养的人胎胰岛细胞的增殖作用及其交互作用。方法采用La(2^7)正交设计法在体外培养的人胎胰岛细胞的各组中分别加入不同浓度及组合的GH，HGF和NIC，培养48h后，收集各孔细胞，DTZ染色，计数。结果GH，HGF和NIC均起主要作用，HGF和NIC的交互作用不可忽视，最佳的生长因子组合及适配浓度为GH(100ng／ml)HGF(25ng／ml)NIC(100mmol／L)。结论GH，HGF和NIC均能促进体外培养的胰岛细胞的增殖，且组合GH(100ng／ml)HGF(25ng／ml)NIC(100mmol／L)的作用最大。     

妊高征患者胰岛素样生长因子水平及对胎儿生长发育的影响

目的：探讨妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者血清胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平与疾病程度及新生儿出生体重之间的关系。方法：用放射免疫方法测定33例妊高征和32例正常血压妊娠妇女的血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3的水平。结果：重度妊高征组IGF-1显著低于正常组，IGFBP-3在各组间的水平浓度差异均无显著性，但IGF-1与IGFBP-3之间呈正相关。新生儿出生体重随妊高征严重程度的加剧而降低，各组间比较差异有显著性(F=5．453，P=0．002)。结论：妊高征患者的发病及严重程度与IGF-1有明显的关系，IGF-1与胎儿的发育及新生儿出生体重有明显的相关性。     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.