Gender Disparity in Inpatient Mortality After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation in Patients Admitted With Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Nationwide Study

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate inpatient mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation compared with medical management (MM) in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).MethodsPatients with cirrhosis admitted with HRS between 2005 and 2014 were identified using associated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes in the National Inpatient Sample (n = 153,112). Non-TIPS candidates and patients with parenchymal renal disease were excluded (n = 73,454). The remaining admissions were assigned to groups of TIPS (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 39.1; n = 971) or MM (n = 78,687). Inpatient mortality was analyzed by treatment type and patient gender using χ² tests. Logistic regression was performed to control for baseline differences in patient demographics, comorbid disease, and pretreatment mortality risk.ResultsBaseline patient demographics were similar. Patients treated medically had higher baseline disease severity (median mortality risk score, 8.3 with MM versus 6.1 with TIPS; P < .01). Inpatient mortality was strongly modified by patient gender. TIPS creation conferred inpatient mortality benefit in men (28% of the MM group versus 10% of the TIPS group, P < .01) independent of all covariates (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.78; P < .01). Women treated with TIPS creation experienced no mortality benefit (29% MM versus 32% TIPS; odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-3.23; P = .23).ConclusionsTIPS creation is associated with reduced inpatient mortality in men, but not women, admitted with HRS. Drivers of this gender-based disparity are currently unclear and warrant focused investigation.     

A case of multiple macronodular hepatic tuberculosis difficult to differentiate from hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic metastasis: CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy confirmed the diagnosis

Multiple macronodular hepatic tuberculosis is difficult to be differentiated from hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic metastasis in clinical practice, especially when hepatitis B with or without liver cirrhosis coexists with it. Herein, we report a 30-year-old man with a 10-year history of hepatitis B and a family medical history of hepatocellular carcinoma related with hepatitis B that was finally diagnosed as multiple macronodular hepatic tuberculosis. Abdominal B-mode ultrasonography (US) and plain computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple unequal-sized nodules in the liver. CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the liver demonstrated a caseating granuloma with lymphocytes, multinucleate giant cells and epithelioid cells compatible with the diagnosis of tuberculosis and no hepatoma cells were detected. Thus, the diagnosis of hepatic tuberculosis was confirmed and hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic metastasis was excluded.     

Comparison of embolic agents for varices during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal bleeding: Tissue gel or coil?

PurposeWe aimed to compare treatment efficacy, safety and material cost between tissue gel and coil regarding variceal embolization during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Materials & Methods: This retrospective study including cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding treated with TIPS combined with variceal embolization between January 2016 and August 2017. Patients were divided into three groups according to embolic agents used in variceal embolization: tissue gel group (Group A), combination group (Group B), and coil group (Group C). The primary endpoint was 1-year rebleeding rate after TIPS creation. The secondary endpoints included shunt dysfunction, overt hepatic encephalopathy, liver function, and embolic agents-related expense.ResultsA total of 60 patients (30, 10, and 20 in Group A, B, and C) were included. Variceal rebleeding occurred in 3 (10%), 0 (0%), and 4 (20%) patients within one year after TIPS creation in Group A, B, and C, respectively. Stent dysfunction occurred in 2 (3.3%) patients and 9 (15.0%) patients experienced overt hepatic encephalopathy. No significant differences were observed between three groups regarding primary and secondary endpoints except embolic agents-related expense, with a significantly lower cost in Group A when compared to the other two groups. Stent dysfunction occurred in two patients, with one patient in Group A developed acute occlusion caused by thrombus and another patient in Group C underwent stent stenosis during follow-up.ConclusionsCompares to coil alone or combines with coil, tissue gel has similar treatment efficacy and safety, but with significantly lower cost for variceal bleeding during TIPS.     

传统炎性标志物对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的诊断及预后预测价值

目的 探讨传统炎性标志物对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)的诊断及预后预测价值.方法 选择2009年1月至2019年1月,于厦门大学附属中山医院消化内科和妇产科确诊的130例ICP患者为研究对象,并纳入ICP组,其中,初产妇为86例,经产妇为44例.根据ICP严重程度,进一步将其分为重度ICP亚组(n=29)和轻度ICP...     

Spatial and temporal expansion of intrahepatic metastasis by molecularly‐defined clonality in multiple liver cancers

Multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is divided into two categories: intrahepatic metastasis (IM), which is a true relapse of HCC, and multicentric origin (MO), which is a second primary tumor. Clinical diagnosis of multiple HCC is usually made based on tumor location and/or time to recurrence; however, it is often difficult to distinguish the two types of multiple HCC. Using 41 matched pairs of multiple HCC specimens, we confirmed the accuracy of clinical diagnoses using exome sequence data and investigated the importance of discriminating the type of multiple HCC. Genomic analysis revealed that 18 (43.9%) patients diagnosed as having genomic IM had common mutations in a pair of HCC tumors with the main tumor of these patients being more progressive compared to those with genomic MO. The accuracy of clinical diagnosis based on lobe (Definition 1) and segment (Definition 2) were 68.3% and 78.0%, respectively. Intriguingly, recurrence ≥2 years after initial surgery for 3 patients was IM. The survival of patients with clinical IM was significantly shorter than for those with clinical MO based on both Definition 1 (P = 0.045) and Definition 2 (P = 0.043). However, mean survival was not different between the patients with genomic IM and those with MO (P = 0.364). Taken together, genomic analysis elucidated that liver cancer may spread more extensively and more slowly than previously thought. In addition, distinguishing multiple HCC as IM or MC may have provided biological information but was not of clinical importance with respect to patient prognosis.     

Application of fecal microbial transplantation in hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Rationale:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is mainly used to treat acute and chronic esophageal, gastric, and intestinal variceal bleeding and refractory ascites caused by portal hypertension. The most common complication of TIPS is the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging method for treating diseases by altering the intestinal flora. We present 2 cases of FMT that ameliorated liver function and HE after TIPS.Patient concerns:In this report, 2 patients with liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B had recurrent Grade 2-3 HE after TIPS.Diagnosis:Two patients were diagnosed as having HE.Interventions:The 2 patients separately received 3 times of FMT.Outcomes:The liver function of both patients improved, the clinical symptoms were relieved, and the number of HE attacks decreased significantly after FMT.Lessons:FMT may be another effective way to treat HE, and is worthy of further research.     

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma arising 10 years after the excision of congenital extrahepatic biliary dilation

Received: October 6, 2000 / Accepted: January 26, 2001