基于小儿变蒸学说的紫丸治疗儿科疾病适应证刍议

变蒸是小儿在出生之后一段时期内的正常生理现象,但若调护不慎则易生他变,而发热日久、程度严重者,常予紫丸治疗.紫丸可荡涤脏腑积聚之邪气,具有攻守兼施、虽泻尤补的用药特点,对小儿稚阴稚阳的生理特点尤为适用.经历代医家的发展,紫丸一方的适应证已不再局限于小儿变蒸发热,而扩大至诸多内伤杂病,现代临床应当予以重视.     

Long-term results of four horizontal rectus muscle recession in nystagmus treatment

Purpose: To report the long-term results of four horizontal rectus muscle recessions that were performed for infantile nystagmus syndrome treatment.

Methods: In this case series, patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome who had four horizontal muscle recessions previously were recruited and ophthalmological examination and electronystagmography recordings were performed. Objectively, amplitude and frequency of nystagmus were measured from the recordings and the intensity was calculated. Visual acuity, stereopsis, and alignment were evaluated and compared with the preoperative and postoperative values.

Results: The records of the 12 patients who had four horizontal rectus muscle recession surgery were evaluated and six patients (5 male, 1 female) who had regular follow-ups were included in this study. Mean follow-up was 14.17?±?0.41 years (minimum 14 years, maximum 15 years) and mean age of patients at the last visit was 22 years (20-28 years). On subjective evaluation, two-thirds (4/6) of the patients were satisfied with the surgical results and had the impression that after surgery, nystagmus decreased in intensity and head posture improved. On objective evaluation, visual acuity was found to be the same, however, stereopsis improved (preoperatively and postoperatively median stereopsis was 600?sec arc vs 200?sec arc final). The decrease in nystagmus amplitude and frequency was still maintained.

Conclusions: Nystagmus surgery on four horizontal rectus muscles has positive effects on binocular function and nystagmus parameters in the long-term follow-up. As we could not treat the primary pathology, the visual acuity was about the same but the decrease in nystagmus amplitude and frequency was still maintained with better stereopsis, and patient satisfaction.     

喜炎平联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿腹泻疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的:评价喜炎平联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿腹泻的疗效及安全性。方法:计算机检索Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane library,中国生物医学文摘数据库(CBM),中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI),维普数据库(VIP)和万方数据库中,关于喜炎平联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿腹泻的随机对照试验(randomized clinical trials,RCT),纳入研究的质量评价和资料提取由两名研究者独立严格进行,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入17个RCT,共1841例患儿。Meta分析结果显示:喜炎平联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿腹泻在总有效率、止泻时间、大便性状恢复时间等方面与对照组均有统计学意义(P<0.05),在体温下降时间方面,两组比较没有统计学意义。结论:喜炎平联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿腹泻具有一定的疗效性且安全性较高。但现有研究质量偏低,需要更多设计严谨的高质量、多中心的随机双盲临床研究进一步验证。     

小儿腹泻顽疾的辨治

论述应用中医药辨证治疗小儿各种急慢性、顽固性腹泻病的临床经验,尤以不同病因引起的肠炎和菌痢。若能明理识病,审证求因,精确辨证,立法选方用药得当,治疗过程中注意随症变方,时刻护卫脾气胃津,斡旋脾胃气机,重视枢机升降作用,则能药中病所,应手而愈,彰显出中医药治疗现代儿科多发的腹泻病的特色优势。     

中西医结合治疗小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎疗效观察

目的观察自拟中药理气化痰汤治疗小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的临床疗效。方法将肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿40例随机分为中西医结合组20例和西药组20例，2组均应用青霉素G静脉滴注和利巴韦林片口服，必要时给予退热和解痘止痛等对症处理；治疗组同时加用自拟中药理气化痰汤，1周为1个疗程。治疗过程中观察临床症状改善或消失情况及退热和解痉止痛药等使用情况，判断近期疗效。结果2组腹痛治愈率比较差异具有统计意义（P〈O．05），伴随症状改善或消失时间比较有高度统计意义（P〈0．01），退热药、解痉药使用次数相比有高度统计意义（P〈0．01）。结论中西医结合治疗小儿急性肠系膜淋巴结炎疗效较好。     

Vitamin D and Diseases of Mineral Homeostasis: A Cyp24a1 R396W Humanized Preclinical Model of Infantile Hypercalcemia Type 1

Infantile hypercalcemia type 1 (HCINF1), previously known as idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, is caused by mutations in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase gene, CYP24A1. The R396W loss-of-function mutation in CYP24A1 is the second most frequent mutated allele observed in affected HCINF1 patients. We have introduced the site-specific R396W mutation within the murine Cyp24a1 gene in knock-in mice to generate a humanized model of HCINF1. On the C57Bl6 inbred background, homozygous mutant mice exhibited high perinatal lethality with 17% survival past weaning. This was corrected by crossbreeding to the CD1 outbred background. Mutant animals had hypercalcemia in the first week of life, developed nephrolithiasis, and had a very high 25(OH)D₃ to 24,25(OH)₂D₃ ratio which is a diagnostic hallmark of the HCINF1 condition. Expression of the mutant Cyp24a1 allele was highly elevated while Cyp27b1 expression was abrogated. Impaired bone fracture healing was detected in CD1-R396^w/w mutant animals. The augmented lethality of the C57Bl6-R396W strain suggests an influence of distinct genetic backgrounds. Our data point to the utility of unique knock-in mice to probe the physiological ramifications of CYP24A1 variants in isolation from other biological and environmental factors.     

Outcomes for patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis by casting table type

Purpose:Serial casting is an effective treatment for infantile idiopathic scoliosis. The most common casting table types are Mehta, Risser, and spica tables. We compared major curve correction between patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis treated using pediatric hip spica tables versus Risser or Mehta tables.Methods:In this multicenter retrospective study, we included 52 children younger than 3 years (mean ± standard deviation age, 1.6 ± 0.68 years) treated with ≥2 consecutive casts for infantile idiopathic scoliosis between September 2011 and July 2018. We compared major curve angle (measured using the Cobb method) before and after treatment and improvement in curve angle between the spica tables group (n = 12) and the Risser or Mehta tables group (n = 40). The primary outcome was the difference in percentage correction of the major curve according to radiographs taken after first casting and at final follow-up.Results:The mean major curve was 47° ± 18° before casting. A median of six casts (range: 2–14) were applied. Mean follow-up after treatment initiation was 22 months (range: 7–86 months). At baseline, the major curve was significantly larger in the spica tables group (58°) than in the Risser or Mehta tables group (43°) (p = 0.01). We found no differences in the percentage curve correction in the spica tables group versus Risser or Mehta tables group after first casting or at final follow-up.Conclusion:Serial casting was associated with substantial major curve correction in patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis. Curve correction did not differ between patients treated with a spica table versus a Risser or Mehta table.Level of Evidence:Level III, retrospective cohort study     

癫(癎)患儿预后与相关因素的远期随访研究

目的 分析影响癫(癎)患儿预后的相关因素,为癫(癎)的诊治和预后评估提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2003年1-12月在北京大学第一医院儿科门诊就诊的290例癫(癎)患儿的临床资料,随访患儿发作、用药、智力及精神运动发育等情况,以至少1年无发作为疗效控制指标.结果 ①经正规抗癫(癎)药物治疗,57.9%患儿发作控制满意,多数可以正常学习或生活;(②各型癫(癎)均有控制发作的可能,不同发作类型癫(癎)的控制率不同;③起病年龄越早,特别是1岁内起病者发作控制较差;④原发性癫(癎)控制率明显高于症状性或隐源性癫(癎),症状性癫(癎)预后最差;⑤大部份病例经单药治疗可以控制发作,2种药物治疗未控制者,再添加药物进行治疗,控制率无明显提高.结论 儿童癫痫的预后大多良好,有下列情况者预后差:①起病年龄小,尤其是1岁者;②同时有多种发作形式;③症状性癫(癎).     

电针对癫痫模型大鼠自发性反复发作及海马CA3和DG区谷氨酸脱羧酶67表达的影响

背景由于对药物疗法不良反应的担忧,近几年人们对使用针灸治疗癫痫越来越感兴趣。尽管现已报道了不少针灸抗癫痫作用的临床证据,但其确切机制仍不清楚。目的 研究电针(EA)对癫痫大鼠自发性复发性癫痫(SRS),以及海马CA3和齿状回(DG)区中谷氨酸脱羧酶67(GAD67)表达的影响。方法 将50只Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为对照组、癫痫组、假刺激组、非穴位电针组和穴位电针组,每组10只。除对照组外,其余4组均制备氯化锂—匹罗卡品颞叶癫痫大鼠模型。造模成功的大鼠采用针刺或电针穴位治疗,8周后观察自发性复发性癫痫发作的次数。分别取5组大鼠海马组织,采用荧光定量PCR和Western blotting分别检测各组大鼠海马组织中GAD67 mRNA水平和蛋白水平表达变化;采用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠海马CA3和DG区GAD67蛋白水平表达变化。结果 治疗8周后,穴位电针组与癫痫组、假刺激组、非穴位电针组比较,减少了自发性复发性癫痫发作的次数,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。qRT-PCR结果显示：与对照组相比,癫痫组、假刺激组、非穴位电针组和穴位电针组大鼠海马组织中GAD6...