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131.
Data from a 1988 national drinking survey was cluster analysedto identify different types of male drinkers, to assist in thetargeting of health promotion strategies. Of the five segmentsgenerated by the clustering, one labelled Young Heavy DrinkingMales was identified as the most appropriate target segment,because although they were the segment reporting the highestlevel of alcohol-related problems they were also the segmentmost likely to feel they were drinking too much They were thereforethe segment most likely to be responsive to advertising thatsought to support people who wanted to change their drinkinghabits. They were also the most appropriate target for the longer-termgoal of changing the climate of opinion regarding the acceptabilityof more moderate drinking. Comparisons with two previous clusteranalyses showed a high degree of similarity, suggesting thatclustering is a reliable vehicle for identifying drinker types. 相似文献
132.
133.
Stuart A. Batterman Alfred Franzblau Nanzheng Zhou 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1996,68(4):268-274
Dermal exposures of methanol were administered in a clinical study designed to compare several biological indicators. Four
subjects were exposed in five exposure sessions of varying length. In each session, a sequence of measurements of methanol
concentrations in blood, breath, and headspace samples of air at exposed and unexposed skin were collected before and after
dermal exposures. Skin headspace samples, collected in gas sampling bags, were designed to reflect equilibrium skin: air partitioning.
At exposed skin, headspace samples were highly elevated for at least 8 h following exposure, indicating the presence of a
methanol reservoir in skin. After exposure, methanol concentrations at exposed skin showed a rapid initial decline, then a
slower first-order decrease. Methanol concentrations were clearly detectable in headspace samples at unexposed skin. Substantial
transfer from exposed skin occurred due to mechanical contact and washing. When transfer was restricted, surface concentrations
at unexposed skin were similar to levels in breath and were strongly correlated to methanol concentrations in blood. While
results are preliminary due to the small sample sizes and several unresolved experimental issues, the simple, rapid, and noninvasive
skin headspace measurements appear useful as a biological exposure indicator that clearly shows the presence and site of a
dermal exposure, and measurements at unexposed skin reflect concentrations in blood.
Received: 14 March 1995/Accepted: 3 November 1995 相似文献
134.
T. Ariga Y. Sakiyama K. Tomizawa S. Imajoh-Ohmi S. Kanegasaki S. Matsumoto 《European journal of pediatrics》1993,152(6):469-472
Molecular genetic analysis was performed in a patient with cytochrome b positive X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. A previous Southern blot study, using a cytochrome b heavy chain cDNA as probe, revealed a Pst I restriction fragment pattern for the cytochrome b heavy chain gene (CYBB) different to that of normal individuals. Since restriction length polymorphism with Pst I has never been observed in control individuals and no abnormal restriction fragment patterns in the patient's CYBB was detected with seven other enzymes used, we focussed on the single Pst I site in the CYBB cDNA as being the only mutation site responsible for his disease. A fragment of the patient's cDNA which included the Pst I site was amplified by reverse polymerase chain reaction, and loss of the Pst I site in the fragment was confirmed by incubation with Pst I. Subsequent sequence analysis of the fragment revealed a point mutation in the Pst I site (cytosine to adenine), substituting glutamic acid for alanine at position 57. 相似文献
135.
This study investigated the temporal evolution in the discrimination of the newborn's crying by the mother, from the first to the eighth day after birth. The sample included twenty human mothers who had had an uneventful pregnancy, labour and delivery. They were asked to identify the spontaneous cries of their newborn babies from tape-recorded cries containing cries from their own newborn and from three other newborns. On the first day, the percentage of correct answers was 48#pc, then 81 #pc on the eighth day. Two acoustic features that may underlie this discrimination were analyzed: the maximum Fo values and the average number of cry bursts per second. On the seventh day, these two acoustic variables and the discrimination abilities significantly correlate. 相似文献
136.
David H. Sutherland Kenton R. Kaufman Marilynn P. Wyatt Henry G. Chambers 《Gait & posture》1996,4(4):269-279
Botulinum A toxin (BOTOX®) was injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of 26 cerebral palsy subjects with equinus gait. All subjects were equinus walkers without fixed contracture of the triceps-surae muscle. Injections were performed at 3 month intervals, if needed, as determined by the treating clinician. There were 14 subjects with spastic hemiplegia, 11 subjects with spastic diplegia and 1 subject with spastic quadriplegia. In the case of those subjects with bilateral equinus gait the dose was divided and given into both the right and left gastrocnemius muscle. Gait analysis data was collected prior to the first injection and subsequently at 3 month intervals for 1 year. Kinematic and electromyographic data was obtained. This data was analyzed to provide objective information about the outcome of treatment. Four subjects moved away and were lost to follow-up. Seven subjects left the study to have surgery. The data collected revealed statistically significant improvements in dynamic ankle dorsiflexion in both stance and swing phases, stride length, and electromyography of the tibialis anterior. There were no complications. While the results of this study are promising, additional prospective studies are needed to determine the feasibility of preventing muscle contractures over a longer time period. Furthermore, there is a need for inclusion of other muscles in future research. Future research should also compare BOTOX® treatment with alternative methods of dealing with muscle spasticity such as: casting, orthotic devices, physical therapy, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and surgical lengthening. 相似文献
137.
Alcohol effects on the percentage of beta waves in the electroencephalograms of twins 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were made from 26 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 26 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) adult male twins, before and after alcohol ingestion. After a baseline EEG and a light breakfast, 1.2 ml/kg of ethanol was given orally over 15 min and the EEG repeated four times at hourly intervals. Alcohol caused a significant drop in the percentage of beta waves (14-30 cycles/sec) during the 1st hr. For the percentage of beta waves in 38 pairs of twins with complete data, MZ twin beta-wave intraclass correlations (RMZ) ranged between 0.85 and 0.91 before and after alcohol, but the DZ intraclass correlations (RDZ) started at 0.54 and fell to 0.05 at 2 hr after alcohol before recovering to baseline levels. These correlations resulted in heritability estimates [2(RMZ-RDZ)] of 0.68 at baseline and 1.73 at 2 hr. A heritability of 1.43 was found for the 1st hr drop in percentage of beta waves (RMZ = 0.78, RDZ = 0.06). These unrealistically high heritabilities, due to RDZ's approaching 0.0, suggest a failure of assumptions in the linear twin model that was used. Also, these findings are similar to, but more exaggerated than, findings in resting EEG's and visually evoked EEG potentials of twins and are compatible with the influence of gene interactions. 相似文献
138.
对2054例住院病人进行回顾性临床分析中,发现有52例诊断为酒精所致精神障碍,发生率为2.53%,均为男性,平均年龄44.2±9.0岁,发生率呈逐年增加趋势。嗜酒的原因与遗传、职业、文化水平、民族风俗有关,黎族患者占27例(51.92%)。临床以幻觉、被害妄想、妒嫉妄想、行为障碍为多见。治疗:使用奋乃静23例(44.23%)的频率较高,显效率88.46%。长期大量酗酒,可致躯体损害,复发达11例(21.15%)。早期限制及戒酒可减少躯体的损害。 相似文献
139.
H. Ono R. Akiyama Y. Sakamoto J. T. Pearson H. Tazawa 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》1997,35(4):431-435
As an avian embryo grows within a eggshell, the whole egg is moved by embryonic activity and also by the embryonic heartbeat.
A technical interest in detecting minute biological movements has prompted the development of techniques and systems to measure
the cardiogenic ballistic movement of the egg or ballistocardiogram. (BCG). In this context, there is interest in using an
electromagnetic induction coil (solenoid) as another simple sensor to measure the BCG and examining its possibility for BCG
measurement. A small permanent magnet is attached tightly to the surface of an incubated egg, and then the egg with the magnet
is placed in a solenoid. Preliminary model analysis is made to design a setup of the egg, magnet and solenoid coupling system.
Then, simultaneous measurement with a laser displacement measuring system, developed previously, is made for chicken eggs,
indicating that the solenoid detects the minute cardiogenic ballistic movements and that the BCG determined is a measure of
the velocity of egg movements. 相似文献
140.
经电镜观察,慢活肝中主要为淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞浸润。淋巴细胞分3型,通过4种方式与肝细胞接触,可能代表杀伤肝细胞的动态过程。与肝细胞接触的主要为起细胞毒作用的T_8~+Ⅱ型淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞。多数T_4~+淋巴细胞为Ⅰ型淋巴细胞,可能为T辅助细胞。在肝细胞损伤中,淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞均起重要作用。 相似文献