Bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

ObjectiveTo prospectively examine the bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among middle-aged and elderly Chinese.MethodsParticipants were enrolled in 2011–2012 (Wave 1) and followed up in 2013–2014 (Wave 2) and 2015–2016 (Wave 3) in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Chinese language version of 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) at three waves. T2DM was assessed by biochemical biomarkers at Wave 1 and reported physician-diagnosis at Wave 2 and 3. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the bidirectional association.ResultsParticipants with baseline depressive symptoms were 1.33 times as likely to develop T2DM (HR, 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.66), compared to their counterparts after adjusting for demographic characteristics and T2DM risk factors. The risk of T2DM increased linearly with higher severity of depression as determined by a higher CESD-10 score (P for trend ? 0.001). In addition, baseline T2DM was associated with increased risk of incident depressive symptoms (1.15; 1.00, 1.31) and persistent depressive symptoms (1.35; 1.03, 1.77).ConclusionThere is a positive bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and T2DM in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.     

The Gastrointestinal Tract Is an Alternative Route for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model

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术后经空肠造瘘管实施早期肠内营养对胃肠道肿瘤的疗效

【目的】探讨术后经空肠造瘘管早期肠内营养对胃肠道肿瘤患者营养状况及免疫功能的影响。【方法】将38例胃肠道肿瘤患者随机分为肠外营养（PN）组（20例）,肠内营养（EN）组（18例）,PN组给予静脉营养,EN组在给予静脉营养的基础上,术后24 h开始经空肠造瘘管输注肠内营养乳剂Fresubin（瑞素）,量由500 ml/d递增至1 500 ml/d,分别于术前及术后d8抽取外周血,测定营养状况及免疫指标。【结果】术后EN组患者的血清前白蛋白较PN组恢复更快（P〈0.05）,EN组的IgA、IgM和淋巴细胞计数较PN组上升快（均P〈0.05）。【结论】术后早期肠内营养可改善胃肠道肿瘤患者的营养状况,增强机体的免疫功能。     

31例胃肠道间质瘤临床诊治分析

[目的]探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的诊断、治疗及预后.[方法]回顾分析本院2002年10月到2005年12月收治的31例的GIST患者的临床及病理资料.[结果]全部患者均行手术治疗,31例胃肠道间质瘤良性者为11例,潜在恶性2例,恶性者18例.[结论]CD117及CD34等免疫标记物配合使用可以提高胃肠道间质瘤的病理诊断准确率.治疗以局部切除为主,恶性者应扩大切除范围.     

略论证候辨证的多维复杂性

证候是辨证的依据,每个临床表现对多项证素或证型具有不同的诊断价值,对于某证素或证型的诊断,各证候所起的作用并不均等。根据病理信息的辨证意义,可将症状区分为必有症、特征症、常见症、一般症、或见症、否定症等。根据证候的不同属性,可拟定各证素所见证候的权重分配,确定各症状对各证型的贡献度。     

双相障碍缓解期残留症状自评与他评的一致性研究

目的:探讨双相障碍(BD)缓解期残留症状自评与他评的一致性。方法:收集240例经过急性期治疗有效的BD患者人口学资料、疾病临床特征;分别于急性期治疗后(基线)及此后的3个月和6个月时采用抑郁症状快速评估量表(QIDS-SR16)、心境障碍问卷(MDQ)自评方式与汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD-17)、杨氏躁狂量表(YMRS)他评方式对入组者进行残留症状评估;采用组内相关系数(ICC)对连续变量做一致性检验。结果:HAMD-17与QIDS-SR16基线、3个月和6个月的总分、核心条目呈较强一致性(ICC=0.62～0.85;P均<0.01);睡眠条目在基线呈中等一致性(ICC=0.49,P<0.01),3及6个月呈较强一致性(ICC=0.65;P均<0.01);自杀条目随着缓解时间延长,一致性逐渐增强;躯体症状一致性一般(ICC=0.49～0.52;P均<0.01),且随着缓解期延长,一致性减弱。YMRS与MDQ在总分、精力充沛和/或心境高涨、冒险和/或易激惹条目上随着缓解时间延长,从基线呈一般或中等一致性(ICC=0.37～0.50;P均<0.01)到6...     

青少年抑郁情绪和违纪行为的共存——孰因孰果?

目的:采用交叉滞后模型探讨青少年抑郁情绪和违纪行为共存的机制.方法:886名青春早期(11-13岁)和580名青春中期(14-16岁)的青少年参加了三轮追踪测量,其中男生的比例分别为50％和46.2％.采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)和行为问题问卷(YSR)来测量青少年的抑郁情绪和违纪行为.结果:对于男生来说,在青春发展早期,违纪行为显著预测抑郁情绪的产生,支持失败模型理论;在青春发展中期,抑郁情绪显著预测违纪行为的产生,支持释放模型理论.对于女生来说,违纪行为和抑郁情绪相互影响,不存在发展阶段的差异.结论:抑郁情绪和违纪行为的关系存在性别差异.     

The intermediate filament protein synemin (SYNM) was found to be more widespread in CD117+ gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors (GIST) than the CD34 transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein: an immunohistochemical study

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal system, initiating the rhythmic systematic contraction of smooth muscle to regulate peristalsis. Benign ICC are identified immunohistochemically by positive staining for CD117, c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor. CD117 expression is maintained during the malignant transformation of ICC into gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors (GIST). However, to date, no single reliable marker for GIST has been identified by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and correct diagnosis depends on IHC staining results using multiple markers. This study compared the reactivities of synemin (SYNM) intermediate filament protein and CD34, a known marker for stem cells, endothelial cells, and many GIST tumors, in 54 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded GIST, which were determined by this study to be CD117 positive. Double-immunofluorescence (IF) staining was also used to assess whether CD117 and SYNM were co-expressed by ICC. While 81.5% of the GIST were CD34⁺, 92.9% of these tumors were SYNM⁺. ICC were CD117⁺/SYNM⁺, whereas mast cells were CD117⁺/SYNM^?. Because the percentage of CD117⁺/SYNM⁺ GIST was higher than the percentage of 117⁺/CD34⁺ GIST, this study suggested that SYNM was a better marker than CD34 for GIST diagnosis. In addition, differential expression of SYNM and CD117 helped distinguish between ICC and mast cells.     

The effect of enzyme replacement therapy on clinical outcomes in female patients with Fabry disease – A systematic literature review by a European panel of experts

BackgroundHeterozygous females with Fabry disease have a wide range of clinical phenotypes depending on the nature of their mutation and their X-chromosome inactivation pattern; it is therefore important to examine outcomes of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in the female patient population specifically. This paper presents the findings of a systematic literature review of treatment outcomes with ERT in adult female patients.MethodsA comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted through January 2017 to retrieve published papers with original data on ERT in the treatment of Fabry disease. The review included all original articles that presented ERT outcomes data on patients with Fabry disease, irrespective of the study type.ResultsClinical evidence for the efficacy of ERT in female patients was available from 67 publications including six clinical trial publications, and indicates significant reductions in plasma and urine globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) accumulation (in female patients with elevated pre-treatment levels) and improvements in cardiac parameters and quality of life (QoL). To date, data are insufficient to conclude on the effects of ERT on the nervous system, gastrointestinal manifestations, and pain in female patients with Fabry disease.ConclusionsThis review of available literature data demonstrates that ERT in adult female patients with Fabry disease has a beneficial effect on GL-3 levels and cardiac outcomes. The current evidence also suggests that ERT may improve QoL in this patient population, though further studies are needed to examine these results.